CN112675463A - Airtight pulse type fire extinguishing device and electrical equipment - Google Patents
Airtight pulse type fire extinguishing device and electrical equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN112675463A CN112675463A CN202110075487.XA CN202110075487A CN112675463A CN 112675463 A CN112675463 A CN 112675463A CN 202110075487 A CN202110075487 A CN 202110075487A CN 112675463 A CN112675463 A CN 112675463A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a closed pulse type fire extinguishing device and electrical equipment. The closed pulse type fire extinguishing device comprises a fire extinguishing container; a fire extinguishing agent placed in the fire extinguishing container, the fire extinguishing agent being configured to generate a fire extinguishing substance filling the fire extinguishing container within a preset time, so as to allow the fire extinguishing substance to be sprayed to the outside when the pressure in the fire extinguishing container reaches a preset pressure value. The closed pulse type fire extinguishing device and the electrical equipment provided by the invention utilize the mode that the fire extinguishing substance is suppressed in pressure and then sprayed in the fire extinguishing container, thereby not only improving the spraying speed of the fire extinguishing substance, but also ensuring that the fire extinguishing substance is uniformly sprayed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fire fighting, in particular to a closed pulse type fire extinguishing device and electrical equipment.
Background
The fire extinguishing methods commonly used in the market at present mainly comprise a pipe network type aerosol fire extinguishing method, a fire detecting pipe type perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing method, a pipe network type dry powder fire extinguishing method and a pipe network type water system fire extinguishing method.
The pipe network type dry powder fire extinguishing method and the pipe network type water system fire extinguishing method are based on the dry powder fire extinguishing method and the water fire extinguishing method, a pipe network system is added, spraying dead angles are reduced as much as possible, and the maximum effect can be exerted in the environment.
However, the fire extinguishing methods have the defects of generally slow spraying speed and low fire extinguishing efficiency although the spraying is stable.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, it is necessary to provide a sealed pulse type fire extinguishing apparatus and electrical equipment with high fire extinguishing speed and high fire extinguishing efficiency, aiming at the problems of the existing fire extinguishing mode, generally slow fire extinguishing speed and low fire extinguishing speed.
A contained, pulsed fire suppression apparatus, comprising:
a fire extinguishing container;
a fire extinguishing agent placed in the fire extinguishing container, the fire extinguishing agent being configured to generate a fire extinguishing substance filling the fire extinguishing container within a preset time, so as to allow the fire extinguishing substance to be sprayed to the outside when the pressure in the fire extinguishing container reaches a preset pressure value.
In one embodiment, the predetermined pressure value ranges from 1mpa to 20 mpa.
In one embodiment, the fire extinguishing agent comprises an aerosol, and the fire extinguishing agent is configured to generate the fire extinguishing substance filling the fire extinguishing container within the preset time after ignition.
In one embodiment, the aerosol is in the form of one or any combination of powder, granule, tablet or block.
In one embodiment, the ratio of the thickness to the length of the fire extinguishing container ranges from 1:3 to 1:20, and the ratio of the thickness to the width of the fire extinguishing container ranges from 1:3 to 1: 20.
In one embodiment, the fire extinguishing agent comprises a liquid fire extinguishing agent configured to atomize upon heating to produce the fire extinguishing substance filling the fire extinguishing container within the preset time.
In one embodiment, the liquid fire extinguishing agent comprises perfluorohexanone.
In one embodiment, the fire extinguishing container is provided with a nozzle, and a pressure relief structure is arranged at the nozzle and is configured to open the nozzle when the pressure in the fire extinguishing container reaches the preset pressure value.
In one embodiment, the pressure relief structure is an aluminum film, an explosion relief membrane or a pressure relief valve.
An electrical apparatus comprises the closed pulse type fire extinguishing device.
The closed pulse type fire extinguishing device and the electrical equipment provided by the invention utilize the mode that the fire extinguishing substance is suppressed in pressure and then sprayed in the fire extinguishing container, so that the spraying speed of the fire extinguishing substance can be improved, and the fire extinguishing substance is uniformly sprayed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sealed pulse-type fire extinguishing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only.
Where the terms "comprising," "having," and "including" are used herein, another element may be added unless an explicit limitation is used, such as "only," "consisting of … …," etc. Unless mentioned to the contrary, terms in the singular may include the plural and are not to be construed as being one in number.
It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
It will also be understood that when interpreting elements, although not explicitly described, the elements are to be interpreted as including a range of errors which are within the acceptable range of deviation of the particular values as determined by those skilled in the art. For example, "about," "approximately," or "substantially" may mean within one or more standard deviations, without limitation.
Furthermore, the drawings are not 1: 1, and the relative dimensions of the various elements in the figures are drawn for illustration only and not necessarily to true scale.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a closed pulse-type fire extinguishing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. For the purpose of illustration, the drawings show only the structures associated with embodiments of the invention.
Referring to the drawings, a sealed pulse type fire extinguishing apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a fire extinguishing container 10 and an aerosol fire extinguishing agent 20.
The fire extinguishing agent 20 is placed in the fire extinguishing container 10, and the fire extinguishing agent 20 is configured to generate a fire extinguishing substance filled in the fire extinguishing container 10 for a preset time, so as to allow the fire extinguishing substance to be sprayed to the outside when the pressure in the fire extinguishing container 10 reaches a preset pressure value.
Thus, by means of the way of suppressing the pressure and then spraying the fire extinguishing substance in the fire extinguishing container 10, the spraying speed of the fire extinguishing substance can be improved, and the fire extinguishing substance can be uniformly sprayed.
In particular embodiments, the predetermined pressure value ranges between 1mpa and 20 mpa. On one hand, the left and right effects of improving the spraying speed are achieved, on the other hand, the fire extinguishing container 10 can be prevented from being exploded due to overlarge pressure, and then surrounding objects are damaged, and even safety accidents occur.
Preferably, the predetermined pressure value is 5 MPa or 15 MPa. The higher the pressure in the fire extinguishing container 10, the higher the spraying speed of the fire extinguishing agent 20, the better the fire extinguishing effect, but too high a speed will raise the requirements of the closed pulse type fire extinguishing apparatus 100 itself, and it is appropriate to select 5 mpa or 15 mpa for the existing common materials, such as PVC, sheet metal, cast aluminum or carbon steel.
In some embodiments, the fire extinguishing agent 20 comprises an aerosol, and the fire extinguishing agent 20 is configured to generate a fire extinguishing substance that fills the fire extinguishing container 10 within a preset time after ignition. The aerosol can release inert gas and metal ions after being ignited, and can quickly spray the inert gas and the metal ions after being suppressed, so that the fire extinguishing effect is improved.
Further, the aerosol is in one or any combination of powder, granules, tablets or blocks. It should be understood that when the aerosol is in the form of powder, granule, tablet or block, the specific surface area per unit mass of the aerosol is increased or the density per unit volume of the aerosol is decreased, so that once the aerosol is ignited, the combustion will quickly spread, and a large amount of fire extinguishing substances are instantaneously released in a deflagration manner, thereby increasing the spraying speed and achieving a better fire extinguishing effect.
The existing pipe network type aerosol fire extinguishing method uses the shape of a grain after the aerosol is compacted, and controls the burning speed of the grain by burning one surface of the grain, thereby achieving the effect of stable spraying. The combustion process is layer-by-layer combustion, and because the combustion area of the grain is limited, the aerosol grain is fully combusted, partial inert gas and metal particles are released, the chain combustion reaction is blocked by the metal particles to extinguish fire, and the inert gas can achieve the auxiliary fire extinguishing effect.
When the aerosol is in the form of powder, particles, sheets or blocks, once the aerosol is ignited, the combustion will quickly spread, and a large amount of inert gas is instantaneously released in a deflagration mode, so as to achieve a better fire extinguishing effect.
It will be appreciated that the larger the specific surface area, the smaller the particles of the aerosol, and the faster the aerosol will be discharged during combustion, but if the aerosol particles are too small, the smaller particles will be easily suspended in the air during the manufacturing process, which can present a hazard to production and manufacture. Meanwhile, fine medicaments are easy to absorb moisture and agglomerate, so that the requirements on production workshops and equipment are increased, convenience and rapidness in the actual production process are considered, and preferably, the aerosol is pressed into a sheet shape, so that the safety problem is solved, the medicaments are easy to damp, and the manufacturing difficulty is greatly reduced.
In some embodiments, the ratio of the thickness to the length of the fire suppression container 10 ranges from 1:3 to 1:20, and the ratio of the thickness to the width of the fire suppression container 10 ranges from 1:3 to 1: 20. Thus, the fire extinguishing container 10 can have a flat shape, so that the burning area of the fire extinguishing agent 20 is larger, and after the fire extinguishing agent 20 is ignited, burning will be rapidly diffused, and the fire extinguishing spraying speed is increased.
In some implementations, the fire extinguishing agent 20 includes a liquid fire extinguishing agent, the fire extinguishing agent 20 configured to atomize upon heating to produce a fire extinguishing substance that fills the fire suppression container 10 for a preset time. The liquid fire extinguishing agent is atomized after being heated, and after being suppressed, the fire extinguishing substance can be sprayed quickly, so that the fire extinguishing effect is improved.
Further, the liquid fire extinguishing agent includes perfluorohexanone.
In some embodiments, fire suppression container 10 is provided with a spout, with a pressure relief structure at the spout, configured to open the spout when the pressure within fire suppression container 10 reaches a preset pressure value. The mode through setting up pressure relief structure can make the suppression pressure more reliable, when having guaranteed the speed of spouting, has also improved inclosed pulsed extinguishing device 100's security.
Specifically, the pressure relief structure is an aluminum film, an explosion relief membrane or a pressure relief valve.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also provides electrical equipment comprising the closed pulse type fire extinguishing device 100. Specifically, the electrical equipment may be an electrical equipment that requires a fire extinguishing device, such as a battery cabinet or an electrical control cabinet, and is not limited herein.
In order to verify the effect of the pulse type fire extinguishing method, an experimental model which is difficult to extinguish is selected, the fire extinguishing mode of the existing fire extinguishing device is compared with the closed pulse type fire extinguishing device 100, so that the effect of the closed pulse type fire extinguishing device 100 is verified, screening shows that the lithium battery fire has the characteristic of high fire extinguishing difficulty compared with general fires, the phenomena of solid fire, liquid fire and steam flame exist in the lithium battery fire, the lithium battery has high energy, the lithium battery is easy to re-ignite after fire extinguishing, the experiment is easy to simulate, and repeated experiments and observation are facilitated.
A large number of experiments in earlier stage verify that when the lithium battery is overcharged, the safety window of the lithium battery is large, after the pressure release valve of the lithium battery is opened, electrolyte and decomposed combustible gas rarely overflow, but the lithium battery is overcharged for 5-10 minutes continuously, a large amount of electrolyte steam and combustible gas overflow, when an ignition source exists inside or outside, the electrolyte steam and the combustible gas are ignited at a high rate, and once ignition occurs, the combustion inside and outside the battery box is very violent.
The experimental model is specifically as follows:
adopt IP protection level IP 40's lithium cell box, the volume is about 0.03 cubic meter, and 9 automobile-used lithium iron phosphate batteries are placed to inside, through overcharging the lithium cell, until the battery take place to burn if the battery only releases combustible gas and the incombustible, then ignite the lithium cell box inside and outside simultaneously with ignition, after the fire extinguishing agent release finishes, if put out a fire successfully, then stew 10 minutes, wait to observe before the heat dissipates and whether there is the post combustion phenomenon in the battery box.
The experimental contents are as follows:
in order to ensure the uniqueness of the variable, the closed pulse fire extinguishing device 100 of the present invention adopts 20 g of aerosol fire extinguishing agent, the pressure control mode is to adjust the maximum pressure bearing pressure of the pressure relief structure installed in the fire extinguishing device, the comparative data is shown in table 1, the maximum pressure intensity unit in the device is as follows: megapascals:
table 1:
and (4) conclusion: when the maximum pressure inside the device is greater than 1MPa, the flame is instantly extinguished, but the subsequent dispersed gas of the device extinguishes the fire, so that the pressure inside the device plays a decisive factor in the instant of spraying.
Further, on the basis of the above experimental model, the fire extinguishing space is increased in equal proportion, so that the lithium battery box becomes an energy storage battery station, and the experimental model is as follows specifically:
the volume of the energy storage battery station is about 12 m multiplied by 2.9 m multiplied by 2.4 m, 100 oil tanks and a plurality of shelters are placed inside the energy storage battery station, the fire extinguishing difficulty of the energy storage battery station can be further improved by the plurality of shelters, and after the fire extinguishing is finished, the fire extinguishing quantity of the oil tanks is used as an experimental result.
The experimental contents are as follows:
with the closed pulse fire extinguishing apparatus 100 of the present invention, 200g of aerosol fire extinguishing agent was used in the following experiments to ensure the uniqueness of the variables. Comparative data as shown in table 1, the maximum pressure unit inside the device: mpa, test unit: the method comprises the following steps:
table 2:
and (4) conclusion: the fire extinguishing capacity is not linearly increased along with the continuous increase of the internal pressure during the spraying of the closed fire extinguishing device, and the fire extinguishing capacity is increased sharply when the pressure is not less than 0.4 MPa.
Comparison experiment one: column type aerosol fire extinguishing device
The fire extinguishing density of the column type aerosol fire extinguishing device is usually 100 g/cubic meter, and the volume of the lithium battery box body for experiments is 0.03 cubic meter, so that the minimum 3 g of aerosol fire extinguishing agent dosage of the column type aerosol fire extinguishing device used in the scene can be obtained through calculation. Considering that the protection grade of a lithium battery box body is IP40, the opening rate of the lithium battery box is relatively large, so that the situation that the aerosol fire extinguishing agent suffocates and extinguishes flames in a protected space is difficult to guarantee, the used agent amount is adjusted to be larger than 3 g, the initial agent amount is positioned by 5 g for recording observation and summarizing rules conveniently, and therefore the actual amount of the aerosol fire extinguishing agent can be measured, and a test is carried out. Comparative data are shown in table 3:
table 3:
and (4) conclusion: the traditional aerosol fire extinguishing device is a non-closed container, the spraying speed is slow after the device is started, and the internal pressure of the device is far less than 1 MPa.
Furthermore, according to experiments, the fire model is complex, the energy of the battery is high, the using amount of the aerosol fire extinguishing agent is far larger than that calculated theoretically, and the actually measured column type aerosol fire extinguishing device can extinguish the flame under the test model when the agent amount reaches 40 g, but the re-burning phenomenon can occur after the fire extinguishing agent is released.
Comparative experiment two: fire extinguishing device adopting perfluorohexanone
In order to eliminate the factor of fire extinguishing failure caused by the fact that the aerosol fire extinguishing device is not suitable for the scene, the perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing device is selected for a comparison test, the existing perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing density is about 250 ml/cubic meter, the volume of the box body is 0.03 cubic meter, so that the dosage of the perfluorohexanone drug obtained through calculation is 7.5 ml, the particularity and the difficulty of a fire extinguishing model are also considered, the actual dosage of the experiment is larger than a theoretical value, and the initial dosage is positioned by 10 ml for convenience of recording, observation and rule summarization. Comparative data are shown in table 4, and the dosage unit of the fire extinguishing apparatus is: ml:
table 4:
……… ………
and (4) conclusion: perfluorohexanone doses far in excess of 20 times the theoretical dose are also difficult to extinguish.
A third comparative experiment: dry powder fire extinguishing device
The experiment proves that the dry powder is easy to block the pipeline under the environment, and the dry powder is easy to accumulate between corners and battery gaps, so that a better fire extinguishing effect cannot be achieved.
And a fourth comparative experiment: water-based fire extinguishing device
The experiment reachs through many times, and the electrolyte of lithium cell is easily along with rivers excessive formation trickling fire, and the lithium cell meets further short circuit after water and explodes, and is very dangerous, so fire control effect is poor.
The closed pulse type fire extinguishing device 100 and the electrical equipment provided by the embodiment of the invention have the following beneficial effects:
by means of the mode that the fire extinguishing substances are suppressed in pressure and then sprayed in the fire extinguishing container 10, the spraying speed of the fire extinguishing substances can be improved, and the fire extinguishing substances are sprayed uniformly.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (11)
1. A closed, pulse-type fire extinguishing apparatus, comprising:
a fire extinguishing container;
a fire extinguishing agent placed in the fire extinguishing container, the fire extinguishing agent being configured to generate a fire extinguishing substance filling the fire extinguishing container within a preset time, so as to allow the fire extinguishing substance to be sprayed to the outside when the pressure in the fire extinguishing container reaches a preset pressure value.
2. The contained pulse type fire extinguishing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the preset pressure value is not less than 0.4 mpa.
3. The closed pulse type fire extinguishing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the preset pressure value is in a range of 1MPa to 20 MPa.
4. The contained, pulsed suppression device according to claim 1, wherein said fire extinguishing agent comprises an aerosol configured to produce said fire extinguishing substance filling said fire extinguishing container within said preset time after ignition.
5. A closed pulse type fire extinguishing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the aerosol is in one or any combination of powder, granule, tablet or block form.
6. A closed pulse type fire extinguishing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the ratio of the thickness to the length of the fire extinguishing container is in the range of 1:3 to 1:20, and the ratio of the thickness to the width of the fire extinguishing container is in the range of 1:3 to 1: 20.
7. The contained, pulsed fire suppression apparatus of claim 1, wherein said fire suppression agent comprises a liquid fire suppression agent configured to be heated and atomized to produce said fire suppression substance filling said fire suppression container within said preset time.
8. The contained pulsed suppression apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said liquid fire extinguishing agent comprises perfluorohexanone.
9. The contained, pulsed fire suppression apparatus of claim 1, wherein said fire suppression vessel is provided with a spout, said spout being provided with a pressure relief structure configured to open said spout when the pressure within said fire suppression vessel reaches said preset pressure value.
10. A closed, pulsed fire suppression apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein said pressure relief structure is an aluminum membrane, an explosion venting diaphragm or a pressure relief valve.
11. An electrical apparatus comprising a closed pulse fire extinguisher according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
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