CN112675464A - Efficient pulse type fire extinguishing device and electrical equipment - Google Patents
Efficient pulse type fire extinguishing device and electrical equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-efficiency pulse type fire extinguishing device and electrical equipment. The high-efficiency pulse type fire extinguishing device comprises a fire extinguishing container; an aerosol fire extinguishing agent placed in the fire extinguishing container, the aerosol fire extinguishing agent being used to spray a fire extinguishing substance from the fire extinguishing container to the outside after ignition; wherein the specific surface area of the aerosol fire extinguishing agent is not less than 186 square millimeters/gram. According to the efficient pulse type fire extinguishing device and the electrical equipment, when the specific surface area of the aerosol fire extinguishing agent is not less than 186 square millimeters/gram, the aerosol fire extinguishing agent can be ignited and then rapidly combusted, so that fire extinguishing substances are sprayed from the fire extinguishing container to the outside, the spraying speed of the fire extinguishing substances is increased, and the fire extinguishing efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fire fighting, in particular to a high-efficiency pulse type fire extinguishing device and electrical equipment.
Background
The fire extinguishing methods commonly used in the market at present mainly comprise a pipe network type aerosol fire extinguishing method, a fire detecting pipe type perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing method, a pipe network type dry powder fire extinguishing method and a pipe network type water system fire extinguishing method.
The pipe network type dry powder fire extinguishing method and the pipe network type water system fire extinguishing method are based on the dry powder fire extinguishing method and the water fire extinguishing method, a pipe network system is added, spraying dead angles are reduced as much as possible, and the maximum effect can be exerted in the environment.
However, the fire extinguishing methods have the defects of generally slow spraying speed and low fire extinguishing efficiency although the spraying is stable.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, it is necessary to provide a high-efficient pulsed extinguishing device and electrical equipment that the speed of spouting is fast and the fire extinguishing efficiency is high to current mode of putting out a fire, spout that speed is generally slower, the lower problem of speed of putting out a fire.
An efficient pulsed fire suppression device, comprising:
a fire extinguishing container;
an aerosol fire extinguishing agent placed in the fire extinguishing container, the aerosol fire extinguishing agent being used to spray a fire extinguishing substance from the fire extinguishing container to the outside after ignition;
wherein the specific surface area of the aerosol fire extinguishing agent is not less than 186 square millimeters/gram.
In one embodiment, the initial velocity of the aerosol fire extinguishing agent sprayed from the fire extinguishing container to the outside after ignition is in the range of 1 m/s to 300 m/s.
In one embodiment, the aerosol fire suppressant has a density of less than 12.9 g/mm.
In one embodiment, the aerosol fire extinguishing agent is in the form of powder, granule, tablet or block or any combination thereof.
In one embodiment, the aerosol fire extinguishing agent is configured to generate the fire extinguishing substance filling the fire extinguishing container within a preset time after ignition, so that the pressure value in the fire extinguishing container ranges from 1 MPa to 20 MPa.
In one embodiment, the fire extinguishing container is configured to allow the fire extinguishing substance to be sprayed to the outside when its internal pressure value is between 1 mpa and 20 mpa.
In one embodiment, the fire extinguishing container is provided with a nozzle, and a pressure relief structure is arranged at the nozzle and is configured to open the nozzle when the pressure value in the fire extinguishing container is between 1 and 20 MPa so as to allow the fire extinguishing substance to be sprayed to the outside.
In one embodiment, the fire extinguishing container is provided with a nozzle hole, and the aerosol fire extinguishing agent is configured to directly spray the fire extinguishing substance from the nozzle hole to the outside after ignition.
In one embodiment, the orifice has a pressure value ranging from 0.2 mpa to 20 mpa.
An electric appliance comprises the high-efficiency pulse type fire extinguishing device.
According to the efficient pulse type fire extinguishing device and the electrical equipment, when the specific surface area of the aerosol fire extinguishing agent is not less than 186 square millimeters/gram, the aerosol fire extinguishing agent can be ignited and then rapidly combusted, so that fire extinguishing substances are sprayed from the fire extinguishing container to the outside, the spraying speed of the fire extinguishing substances is increased, and the fire extinguishing efficiency is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-efficiency pulse-type fire extinguishing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only.
Where the terms "comprising," "having," and "including" are used herein, unless a specific limiting term is used, such as "only," "consisting of … …," etc., another element may be added. Unless mentioned to the contrary, singular terms may include the plural and are not to be construed as one in number.
It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
It will also be understood that when interpreting elements, although not explicitly described, the elements are to be interpreted as including a range of errors which are within the acceptable range of deviation of the particular values as determined by those skilled in the art. For example, "about," "approximately," or "substantially" may mean within one or more standard deviations, without limitation.
Furthermore, the drawings are not 1: 1, and the relative dimensions of the various elements in the figures are drawn for illustration only and not necessarily to true scale.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structure of a high-efficiency pulse type fire extinguishing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. For the purpose of illustration, the drawings show only the structures associated with embodiments of the invention.
Referring to the drawings, a high-efficiency pulse type fire extinguishing apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a fire extinguishing container 10 and an aerosol fire extinguishing agent 20.
An aerosol fire extinguishing agent 20 is placed in the fire extinguishing container 10, the aerosol fire extinguishing agent 20 is used for spraying a fire extinguishing substance from the fire extinguishing container 10 to the outside after ignition, wherein the specific surface area of the aerosol fire extinguishing agent 20 is not less than 186 square mm/g.
When the specific surface area of the aerosol fire extinguishing agent 20 is not less than 186 square millimeters/gram, the aerosol fire extinguishing agent 20 can be ignited and then rapidly combusted, so that the fire extinguishing substance is sprayed from the fire extinguishing container 10 to the outside, the spraying speed of the fire extinguishing substance is increased, and the fire extinguishing efficiency is improved.
In a preferred embodiment, the specific surface area of the aerosol fire suppressant 20 is not less than 631 mm/g.
Specifically, in some embodiments, the initial velocity of the aerosol fire suppressant 20 sprayed from the exterior of the fire suppression container 10 tank after ignition ranges from 1 m/s to 300 m/s. Preferably, the initial blowing speed is not less than 60 m/s.
In some embodiments, the aerosol fire suppressant 20 is in the form of one or any combination of powder, granules, tablets, or blocks. It should be understood that when the aerosol fire extinguishing agent 20 is in the form of powder, granule, tablet or block, the specific surface area per unit mass of the aerosol fire extinguishing agent 20 is increased or the density per unit volume is decreased, so that once the aerosol fire extinguishing agent 20 is ignited, the combustion will rapidly diffuse, and a large amount of fire extinguishing substance is instantaneously released in a deflagration manner, thereby increasing the spraying speed and achieving a better fire extinguishing effect.
The existing pipe network type aerosol fire extinguishing method uses the shape of a grain after the aerosol is compacted, and controls the burning speed of the grain by burning one surface of the grain, thereby achieving the effect of stable spraying. The combustion process is layer-by-layer combustion, and because the combustion area of the grain is limited, the aerosol grain is fully combusted, partial inert gas and metal particles are released, the chain combustion reaction is blocked by the metal particles to extinguish fire, and the inert gas can achieve the auxiliary fire extinguishing effect.
When the aerosol fire extinguishing agent 20 is in the form of powder, particles, sheets or blocks, once the aerosol fire extinguishing agent 20 is ignited, the combustion will quickly diffuse, and a large amount of inert gas is instantaneously released in a deflagration manner, so as to achieve a better fire extinguishing effect.
It should be understood that the larger the specific surface area, the smaller the particles of the aerosol fire extinguishing agent 20, the faster the aerosol fire extinguishing agent 20 will be discharged when burning, but if the particles of the aerosol fire extinguishing agent 20 are too small, the smaller particles will be easily suspended in the air during the manufacturing process, which poses a risk to production and manufacturing. Meanwhile, fine agents are easy to absorb moisture and agglomerate, so that the requirements on production workshops and equipment are increased, convenience and rapidness in the actual production process are considered, the aerosol fire extinguishing agent 20 is preferably pressed into a sheet shape, on one hand, the safety problem is solved, the agents are easy to damp, and on the other hand, the manufacturing difficulty is greatly reduced.
In some embodiments, the ratio of the thickness to the length of the fire suppression container 10 ranges from 1:3 to 1:20, and the ratio of the thickness to the width of the fire suppression container 10 ranges from 1:3 to 1: 20. Thus, the fire extinguishing container 10 can have a flat shape, the combustion area of the aerosol fire extinguishing agent 20 is larger, and after the aerosol fire extinguishing agent 20 is ignited, combustion is rapidly diffused, so that the fire extinguishing spray speed is improved.
In some embodiments, the aerosol fire suppressant 20 is configured to generate a fire suppressant substance to fill the fire suppression container 10 within a predetermined time after ignition to bring the pressure of the fire suppression container 10 to a first predetermined pressure value, wherein the first predetermined pressure value ranges between 1 mpa and 20 mpa. The aerosol fire extinguishing agent 20 is filled in the fire extinguishing container 10 to enable the pressure of the fire extinguishing container 10 to reach a first preset pressure value, so that when the aerosol fire extinguishing agent 20 sprays fire extinguishing substances outwards, the spraying speed can be improved, and the fire extinguishing substances are sprayed evenly.
Further, the fire extinguishing container 10 is configured to allow the fire extinguishing substance to be sprayed outward when the pressure thereof reaches a first preset pressure value. On one hand, the spraying speed of the fire extinguishing substance can be improved by adopting a pressure-building mode, and on the other hand, the first preset pressure value is set to be between 1 MPa and 20 MPa, so that the situation that the fire extinguishing container 10 explodes due to overlarge pressure, peripheral objects are damaged, and even safety accidents occur can be avoided.
In some embodiments, the fire suppression container 10 is provided with a spout, and a pressure relief structure is provided at the spout, the pressure relief structure being configured to open the spout when the pressure inside the fire suppression container 10 reaches a first preset pressure value to allow the fire extinguishing substance to be sprayed to the outside. The mode of opening the nozzle when the pressure relief structure is arranged to respond to the first preset pressure value in the fire extinguishing container 10 is simple and reliable.
In other embodiments, the fire-extinguishing container 10 is provided with a spout opening, and the aerosol fire-extinguishing agent 20 is configured to directly spray the fire-extinguishing substance at a second preset pressure value to the outside from the spout opening after ignition. The structure of the mode is simple. Specifically, the second preset pressure value ranges from 0.2 MPa to 20 MPa, so that the spraying speed of the aerosol fire extinguishing agent 20 can be increased when the fire extinguishing substance is sprayed outwards.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also provides an electrical device which comprises the high-efficiency pulse type fire extinguishing device 100. Specifically, the electrical equipment may be an electrical equipment that requires a fire extinguishing device, such as a battery cabinet or an electrical control cabinet, and is not limited herein.
In order to verify the effect of the pulse type fire extinguishing method, an experimental model which is difficult to extinguish is selected, the fire extinguishing mode of the existing fire extinguishing device is compared with the high-efficiency pulse type fire extinguishing device 100, so that the effect of the high-efficiency pulse type fire extinguishing device 100 is verified, screening shows that the lithium battery fire has the characteristic of high fire extinguishing difficulty compared with general fires, the phenomena of solid fire, liquid fire and steam flame exist in the lithium battery fire, the lithium battery has high energy, the lithium battery is easy to re-ignite after fire extinguishing, the experiment is easy to simulate, and repeated experiments and observation are facilitated.
A large number of experiments in earlier stage verify that when the lithium battery is overcharged, the safety window of the lithium battery is large, after the pressure release valve of the lithium battery is opened, electrolyte and decomposed combustible gas rarely overflow, but the lithium battery is overcharged for 5-10 minutes continuously, a large amount of electrolyte steam and combustible gas overflow, when an ignition source exists inside or outside, the electrolyte steam and the combustible gas are ignited at a high rate, and once ignition occurs, the combustion inside and outside the battery box is very violent.
The experimental model is specifically as follows:
adopt IP protection level IP 40's lithium cell box, the volume is about 0.03 cubic meter, and 9 automobile-used lithium iron phosphate batteries are placed to inside, through overcharging the lithium cell, until the battery take place to burn if the battery only releases combustible gas and the incombustible, then ignite the lithium cell box inside and outside simultaneously with ignition, after the fire extinguishing agent release finishes, if put out a fire successfully, then stew 10 minutes, wait to observe before the heat dissipates and whether there is the post combustion phenomenon in the battery box.
The experimental contents are as follows:
with the high-efficiency pulsed extinguishing device 100 according to the invention, the extinguishing capacity of aerosol generating agents with specific surface areas of 186 mm/g, 186+10 mm/g, 186+20 mm/g, 186+30 mm/g, 186-10 mm/g, 186-20 mm/g and 186-30 mm/g was investigated, and for the purpose of ensuring that the variables are unique, 20 g of aerosol extinguishing agent was used here. Comparative data are shown in table 1, specific surface area unit: square mm/g:
table 1:
| specific surface area | Test 1 | Test 2 | Test 3 | Test 4 | Test 5 |
| 186-30 | Can not go out | Can not go out | Can not go out | Can not go out | Can not go out |
| 186-20 | Can not go out | Can not go out | Killing rice | Can not go out | Can not go out |
| 186-10 | Can not go out | Killing rice | Can not go out | Can not go out | Killing rice |
| 186 | Killing rice | Killing rice | Killing rice | Killing rice | Killing rice |
| 186+10 | Killing rice | Killing rice | Killing rice | Killing rice | Killing rice |
| 186+20 | Killing rice | Killing rice | Killing rice | Killing rice | Killing rice |
| 186+30 | Killing rice | Killing rice | Killing rice | Killing rice | Killing rice |
And (4) conclusion: that is, when the specific surface area is not less than 186 mm/g, the fire extinguishing effect is the best.
Further, on the basis of the above experimental model, the fire extinguishing space is increased in equal proportion, so that the lithium battery box becomes an energy storage battery station, and the experimental model is as follows specifically:
the volume of the energy storage battery station is about 12 m multiplied by 2.9 m multiplied by 2.4 m, 100 oil tanks and a plurality of shelters are placed inside the energy storage battery station, the fire extinguishing difficulty of the energy storage battery station can be further improved by the plurality of shelters, and after the fire extinguishing is finished, the fire extinguishing quantity of the oil tanks is used as an experimental result.
The experimental contents are as follows:
with the efficient pulsed fire extinguishing device 100 of the present invention, to ensure the uniqueness of the variables, 200g of aerosol fire extinguishing agent was used in the following experiments. Comparative data are shown in table 2, specific surface area unit: square meter/gram, test unit: the method comprises the following steps:
table 2:
| specific surface area | Test 1 | Test 2 | Test 3 | Test 4 | Test 5 |
| 0.25 | 48 | 43 | 49 | 45 | 47 |
| 0.3 | 52 | 53 | 52 | 50 | 52 |
| 0.35 | 56 | 57 | 56 | 56 | 55 |
| 0.4 | 59 | 60 | 61 | 60 | 58 |
| 0.45 | 62 | 60 | 61 | 61 | 62 |
| 0.5 | 79 | 80 | 79 | 81 | 82 |
| 0.55 | 86 | 90 | 91 | 89 | 88 |
And (4) conclusion: the fire extinguishing ability increases nonlinearly with the increase of the specific surface area of the agent, and rises sharply when the specific surface area of the agent is not less than 0.5 m/g.
Comparison experiment one: column type aerosol fire extinguishing device
The fire extinguishing density of the column type aerosol fire extinguishing device is usually 100 g/cubic meter, and the volume of the lithium battery box body for experiments is 0.03 cubic meter, so that the minimum 3 g of aerosol fire extinguishing agent dosage of the column type aerosol fire extinguishing device used in the scene can be obtained through calculation. Considering that the protection grade of a lithium battery box body is IP40, the opening rate of the lithium battery box is relatively large, so that the situation that the aerosol fire extinguishing agent suffocates and extinguishes flames in a protected space is difficult to guarantee, the used agent amount is adjusted to be larger than 3 g, the initial agent amount is positioned by 5 g for recording observation and summarizing rules conveniently, and therefore the actual amount of the aerosol fire extinguishing agent can be measured, and a test is carried out. Comparative data are shown in table 3:
table 3:
and (4) conclusion: the column type aerosol fire extinguishing agent is usually pressed into a column by a high-pressure hydraulic press, and is combusted layer by igniting a certain top surface, so that the specific surface area is usually very small.
Furthermore, according to experiments, the fire model is complex, the energy of the battery is high, the using amount of the aerosol fire extinguishing agent is far larger than that calculated theoretically, and the actually measured column type aerosol fire extinguishing device can extinguish the flame under the test model when the agent amount reaches 40 g, but the re-burning phenomenon can occur after the fire extinguishing agent is released.
Comparative experiment two: fire extinguishing device adopting perfluorohexanone
In order to eliminate the factor of fire extinguishing failure caused by the fact that the aerosol fire extinguishing device is not suitable for the scene, the perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing device is selected for a comparison test, the existing perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing density is about 250 ml/cubic meter, the volume of the box body is 0.03 cubic meter, so that the dosage of the perfluorohexanone drug obtained through calculation is 7.5 ml, the particularity and the difficulty of a fire extinguishing model are also considered, the actual dosage of the experiment is larger than a theoretical value, and the initial dosage is positioned by 10 ml for convenience of recording, observation and rule summarization. Comparative data are shown in table 4, and the dosage unit of the fire extinguishing apparatus is: ml:
table 4:
and (4) conclusion: perfluorohexanone doses far in excess of 20 times the theoretical dose are also difficult to extinguish.
A third comparative experiment: dry powder fire extinguishing device
The experiment proves that the dry powder is easy to block the pipeline under the environment, and the dry powder is easy to accumulate between corners and battery gaps, so that a better fire extinguishing effect cannot be achieved.
And a fourth comparative experiment: water-based fire extinguishing device
The experiment reachs through many times, and the electrolyte of lithium cell is easily along with rivers excessive formation trickling fire, and the lithium cell meets further short circuit after water and explodes, and is very dangerous, so fire control effect is poor.
The efficient pulse type fire extinguishing device 100 and the electrical equipment provided by the embodiment of the invention have the following beneficial effects:
when the specific surface area of the aerosol fire extinguishing agent 20 is not less than 186 square millimeters/gram, the aerosol fire extinguishing agent 20 can be ignited and then rapidly combusted, so that the fire extinguishing substance is sprayed from the fire extinguishing container 10 to the outside, the spraying speed of the fire extinguishing substance is increased, and the fire extinguishing efficiency is improved.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (11)
1. An efficient impulse type fire extinguishing apparatus, comprising:
a fire extinguishing container;
an aerosol fire extinguishing agent placed in the fire extinguishing container, the aerosol fire extinguishing agent being used to spray a fire extinguishing substance from the fire extinguishing container to the outside after ignition;
wherein the specific surface area of the aerosol fire extinguishing agent is not less than 186 square millimeters/gram.
2. A high efficiency pulsed fire suppression apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said aerosol fire suppression agent has a specific surface area not less than 0.5 m/g.
3. A high efficiency pulsed fire suppression apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said aerosol fire suppression agent is sprayed from said fire suppression container to the outside after ignition at an initial velocity in the range of 1 m/s to 300 m/s.
4. A high efficiency, pulsed fire suppression device according to claim 1, wherein the aerosol fire suppressant has a density of less than 12.9 g/mm.
5. A high efficiency pulsed fire suppression apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said aerosol fire suppression agent is in the form of one or any combination of powder, granule, tablet or block.
6. A high efficiency pulsed fire suppression device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the thickness to length ratio of the fire suppression container ranges from 1:3 to 1:20, and the thickness to width ratio of the fire suppression container ranges from 1:3 to 1: 20.
7. A high efficiency, pulsed fire suppression apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said aerosol fire suppressant is configured to generate said fire suppressant substance to fill said fire suppression container within a predetermined time after ignition to bring the pressure within said fire suppression container to a first predetermined pressure value;
wherein the first preset pressure value ranges from 1 MPa to 20 MPa.
8. An efficient, pulsed fire suppression device as recited in claim 7, wherein said fire suppression container is configured to allow said fire suppression substance to be sprayed to the outside when the pressure inside the fire suppression container reaches said first preset pressure value.
9. An efficient, pulsed fire suppression device according to claim 8, wherein said fire suppression container is provided with a spout, said spout being provided with a pressure relief structure configured to open said spout when the pressure inside said fire suppression container reaches said first preset pressure value to allow said fire extinguishing substance to be sprayed to the outside.
10. A high efficiency, pulsed fire suppression apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said fire suppression container is provided with a nozzle orifice, said aerosol fire suppressant being configured to direct said fire suppressant substance outwardly at a second preset pressure value directly from said nozzle orifice upon ignition;
wherein the second preset pressure value ranges from 0.2 MPa to 20 MPa.
11. An electric appliance, characterized in that the electric appliance comprises a high-efficiency pulse type fire extinguishing device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10.
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