WO1993000963A2 - Fire extinguishing and explosion suppressant substances - Google Patents
Fire extinguishing and explosion suppressant substances Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1993000963A2 WO1993000963A2 PCT/GB1992/001182 GB9201182W WO9300963A2 WO 1993000963 A2 WO1993000963 A2 WO 1993000963A2 GB 9201182 W GB9201182 W GB 9201182W WO 9300963 A2 WO9300963 A2 WO 9300963A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen carbonate
- explosion
- fire
- solution
- water
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0028—Liquid extinguishing substances
- A62D1/0035—Aqueous solutions
Definitions
- the invention relates to fire extinguishing and explosion suppressant substances.
- a fire extinguishant or explosion suppressant substance comprising a solution of an alkali metal hydrogen carbonate or chloride in water.
- a fire extinguishant or explosion suppressant substance comprising a solution of ammonium phosphate in water.
- Fire extinguishant and explosion suppressant substances need to satisfy a number of different requirements. In the first place, of course, they must have efficient fire extinguishing and explosion suppressing capabilities. Secondly, however, they should be "environmentally friendly"; known extinguishing substances based on bromofluorocarbons or bromochlorofluorocarbons, known as Halons, are environmentally damaging and therefore unsatisfactory in this respect. Thirdly, in many cases fire extinguishing and explosion suppressant substances have to be used in areas where people are present, such as, for example, in industrial areas or in transport. It is therefore important that the substances to be used should be as harmless as possible to humans.
- fire extinguishing and explosion suppressant substances to be described are based on water. Water is satisfactory from an environmental point of view and, in the quantities in which it is likely to be used as an extinguishant or suppressant, not harmful to humans. However, in many cases the fire extinguishant or explosion suppressant capabilities of water alone are insufficient.
- an almost saturated solution is used, containing approximately 80 grams of NaHCO_ per litre of water.
- the solution may be stored in a suitable container and pressurised by an inert gas, such as nitrogen.
- the container is connected via a fast-operating valve (such as an explosively opened valve) to a spray nozzle suitably positioned in an area to be protected.
- the valve is opened and the solution is sprayed into the area via the spray nozzle, under the pressure of the inert gas.
- the area to be protected comprises a closed vessel into which diesel fuel is sprayed and ignited.
- the pressure in the vessel thus builds up with the resulting explosion.
- P a particular predetermined threshold pressure
- the valve of the extinguishant container is opened to spray the extinguishant into the vessel in the manner explained above.
- the pressure within the vessel is monitored so as to measure the maximum p r ressure, Pr, reached. If the explosion is rapidly suppressed, this maximum pressure will have a relatively low value, but will be higher if the suppressant is less effective. Measurement of Pr thus indicates the effectiveness of the suppressant.
- the Figure illustrates some particular test results.
- the horizontal axis represents the threshold pressure, P , in bar and the vertical axis represents the maximum pressure, P , also in bar, reached in the chamber. It should be noted that the larger Pa , the greater the development, in terras of size and energy, of the explosion at the time the suppression system is actuated, and the greater the task the suppression system has to perform.
- Curve A shows results obtained using water alone as the explosion suppressant. Curve A shows that water is effective as an extinguishant provided that it is discharged into the vessel when the pressure within the vessel has reached only a low level. If it is not discharged into the vessel until the pressure is higher than this minimum level, it is relatively ineffective as a suppressant.
- Curve B shows results obtained using the solution of Example 1, that is, an almost saturated solution of NaHCO_ in water. This curve shows that such a solution is extremely effective as an explosion suppressant even when the threshold pressure P is relatively high. Use of such a solution therefore not only provides much more effective explosion suppressing action but also does not depend critically on sensitive detection of pressure rise in the area to be protected.
- Example 1 The physical and chemical mechanisms involved in the suppressing action of the solution of Example 1 being considered have not been fully investigated. However, it is believed that the water in the droplets of the solution which are sprayed into the area being protected evaporates in the heat of the flame, leaving very small particles of solid sodium hydrogen carbonate, which decompose endothermically, eventually forming free sodium atoms. Such sodium atoms are believed to catalyse recombination of the active free radicals (H, HO, 0) responsible for propagation of hydrocarbon flames.
- H, HO, 0 active free radicals
- Example 1 The solution of Example 1 is not only very effective as an explosion suppressant, but it is not believed to have any environmentally damaging effects. Furthermore, such a solution used in the way in which it would normally be used as a fire extinguishant or explosion suppressant is not harmful to humans.
- alkali metal hydrogen carbonates instead of sodium hydrogen carbonate, other alkali metal hydrogen carbonates may be used, such as, in particular, potassium hydrogen carbonate.
- Alkali metal chlorides may also be used such as, in particular, potassium chloride.
- the fire was a pan fire having an area of 0.6m by 0.6m.
- the pan was filled with between two and three litres of petrol and ignited, and then allowed one minute of burning before starting the extinguishment test.
- the extinguisher used for each of the tests was a hand extinguisher having a capacity of 8 litres and with an air atomising nozzle to which liquid extinguishant at a pressure of 4 bar (gauge) and nitrogen gas at 5 bar (gauge) pressure were fed.
- the nozzle had a liquid flow rate of 2 litres per minute under these conditions. Saturated solutions of the additives were used.
- potassium hydrogen carbonate approximately 204 grams per litre of water were used, while for the tests with potassium chloride, the figure was approximately 238 grams per litre.
- Example 4 shows some further results obtained using potassium hydrogen carbonate.
- a cubic test rig having a volume of 7.4m3 was used.
- a pan having an area of 0.45m by 0.45m was placed in the centre of the floor of the test rig and covered by a square metal sheet (0.60m by 0.60m) having a thickness of 0.02m, the metal sheet being placed 0.20m above the pan.
- the pan fire was covered so as to simulate a cluttered marine engine compartment with the fire underneath the engine.
- the extinguishing spray was introduced into the test rig via nozzles mounted centrally in its sealing. Tests were carried out using water alone and water with potassium hydrogen carbonate (in saturated solution). For each test, the extinguishant was contained in a four litre capacity suppressor and expelled through the nozzles by a pressurising gas from a regulated nitrogen cylinder.
- Example 5 further tests were carried out using water alone, and using water containing, respectively, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate and potassium chloride. In these tests, one litre of diesel
- a further example of a suitable additive for water is ammonium phosphate.
- Example 6 comprises a solution of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate ("ADP") in water. Again, a saturated or almost saturated solution in the water can be used, for example 300 grams of ADP per litre of water. Tests have been carried out on the explosion suppressant capabilities of such a substance using the same test environment as described above with reference to the Figure. These tests have shown results corresponding to those shown in curve B of the Figure. A solution of this Example is thus also very effective as a fire extinguishant or explosion suppressant as well as not being environmentally harmful or harmful to humans. ADP is thought to act in a similar way to sodium hydrogen carbonate; i.e. after evaporation of the water, the solid particles of ADP decompose endothermically in the flame to produce chemical species to inhibit the combustion processes.
- ADP ammonium dihydrogen phosphate
Abstract
Fire extinguishing and explosion suppressing substances comprising a substantially saturated aqueous solutions of an alkali metal hydrogen carbonate or chloride, or of an ammonium phosphate, are described. These solutions provide much greater suppressing action than water alone.
Description
FIRE EXTINGUISHING AND EXPLOSION SUPPRESSANT SUBSTANCES
The invention relates to fire extinguishing and explosion suppressant substances.
According to the invention, there is provided a fire extinguishant or explosion suppressant substance, comprising a solution of an alkali metal hydrogen carbonate or chloride in water.
According to the invention, there is further provided a fire extinguishant or explosion suppressant substance, comprising a solution of ammonium phosphate in water.
Fire extinguishing and explosion suppressant substances embodying the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to certain Examples and to the accompanying drawing which is a Figure graphically illustrating test results obtained using one of the Examples.
Fire extinguishant and explosion suppressant substances need to satisfy a number of different requirements. In the first place, of course, they must have efficient fire extinguishing and explosion suppressing capabilities. Secondly, however, they should be "environmentally
friendly"; known extinguishing substances based on bromofluorocarbons or bromochlorofluorocarbons, known as Halons, are environmentally damaging and therefore unsatisfactory in this respect. Thirdly, in many cases fire extinguishing and explosion suppressant substances have to be used in areas where people are present, such as, for example, in industrial areas or in transport. It is therefore important that the substances to be used should be as harmless as possible to humans.
The examples of fire extinguishing and explosion suppressant substances to be described are based on water. Water is satisfactory from an environmental point of view and, in the quantities in which it is likely to be used as an extinguishant or suppressant, not harmful to humans. However, in many cases the fire extinguishant or explosion suppressant capabilities of water alone are insufficient.
A first example, Example 1, of a fire extinguishant or explosion suppressant substance embodying the invention comprises water to which has been added sodium hydrogen carbonate, NaHCO_ . Advantageously, an almost saturated solution is used, containing approximately 80 grams of NaHCO_ per litre of water.
In use, the solution may be stored in a suitable container and pressurised by an inert gas, such as nitrogen. The container is connected via a fast-operating valve (such as an explosively opened valve) to a spray nozzle suitably positioned in an area to be protected. In response to detection of fire or explosion in the area, the valve is opened and the solution is sprayed into the area via the spray nozzle, under the pressure of the inert gas.
Tests have shown that, in particular situations, such a solution provides explosion suppressant action which is many times more effective than water alone. In one particular test, whose results are illustrated in the
Figure, the area to be protected comprises a closed vessel into which diesel fuel is sprayed and ignited. The pressure in the vessel thus builds up with the resulting explosion. At a particular predetermined threshold pressure, P , in the vessel, the valve of the extinguishant container is opened to spray the extinguishant into the vessel in the manner explained above. The pressure within the vessel is monitored so as to measure the maximum prressure, Pr, reached. If the explosion is rapidly suppressed, this maximum pressure will have a relatively low value, but will be higher if the suppressant is less effective. Measurement of Pr thus indicates the effectiveness of the suppressant.
The Figure illustrates some particular test results. The horizontal axis represents the threshold pressure, P , in bar and the vertical axis represents the maximum pressure, P , also in bar, reached in the chamber. It should be noted that the larger Pa , the greater the development, in terras of size and energy, of the explosion at the time the suppression system is actuated, and the greater the task the suppression system has to perform.
Curve A shows results obtained using water alone as the explosion suppressant. Curve A shows that water is effective as an extinguishant provided that it is discharged into the vessel when the pressure within the vessel has reached only a low level. If it is not discharged into the vessel until the pressure is higher than this minimum level, it is relatively ineffective as a suppressant.
Curve B shows results obtained using the solution of Example 1, that is, an almost saturated solution of NaHCO_ in water. This curve shows that such a solution is extremely effective as an explosion suppressant even when the threshold pressure P is relatively high. Use of such a solution therefore not only provides much more effective explosion suppressing action but also does not depend critically on sensitive detection of pressure rise
in the area to be protected.
The physical and chemical mechanisms involved in the suppressing action of the solution of Example 1 being considered have not been fully investigated. However, it is believed that the water in the droplets of the solution which are sprayed into the area being protected evaporates in the heat of the flame, leaving very small particles of solid sodium hydrogen carbonate, which decompose endothermically, eventually forming free sodium atoms. Such sodium atoms are believed to catalyse recombination of the active free radicals (H, HO, 0) responsible for propagation of hydrocarbon flames.
2 aHCOs → Na2CO. + CO_ + H_0 NaCO? → Na20 + CO2 a + OH → NaOH
However, other physical processes and chemical reaction mechanisms will occur depending, of course, on the exact nature of the fuel.
The solution of Example 1 is not only very effective as an explosion suppressant, but it is not believed to have any environmentally damaging effects. Furthermore, such a
solution used in the way in which it would normally be used as a fire extinguishant or explosion suppressant is not harmful to humans.
Instead of sodium hydrogen carbonate, other alkali metal hydrogen carbonates may be used, such as, in particular, potassium hydrogen carbonate. Alkali metal chlorides may also be used such as, in particular, potassium chloride.
Examples 2 and 3, showing use of potassium hydrogen carbonate and potassium chloride as additives, will now be described.
In these Examples, a number of tests were carried out, three tests using water alone (that is, without any additive) as the extinguishant, three tests using potassium chloride as the additive, and two tests using potassium hydrogen carbonate as the additive. In each case, the fire was a pan fire having an area of 0.6m by 0.6m. The pan was filled with between two and three litres of petrol and ignited, and then allowed one minute of burning before starting the extinguishment test.
The extinguisher used for each of the tests was a hand extinguisher having a capacity of 8 litres and with an air atomising nozzle to which liquid extinguishant at a
pressure of 4 bar (gauge) and nitrogen gas at 5 bar (gauge) pressure were fed. The nozzle had a liquid flow rate of 2 litres per minute under these conditions. Saturated solutions of the additives were used. Thus, for the tests with potassium hydrogen carbonate, approximately 204 grams per litre of water were used, while for the tests with potassium chloride, the figure was approximately 238 grams per litre.
The results of the tests are shown in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1
No. of Additive Mean Extinguishant Standard
Tests Time(s) Deviation(s)
3 None 1 . 4 0.7
3 potassium chloride 5.7 0.5
2 potassium hydrogen 4.5 0.5 carbonate
The effectiveness of the additives in reducing the mean extinguishment time is clearly shown.
Example 4 shows some further results obtained using potassium hydrogen carbonate. In these tests, a cubic
test rig having a volume of 7.4m3 was used. A pan having an area of 0.45m by 0.45m was placed in the centre of the floor of the test rig and covered by a square metal sheet (0.60m by 0.60m) having a thickness of 0.02m, the metal sheet being placed 0.20m above the pan. The pan fire was covered so as to simulate a cluttered marine engine compartment with the fire underneath the engine.
One litre of diesel fuel was floated on water inside the pan and ignited. The extinguishing spray was activated after allowing the fire to burn for 30 seconds.
The extinguishing spray was introduced into the test rig via nozzles mounted centrally in its sealing. Tests were carried out using water alone and water with potassium hydrogen carbonate (in saturated solution). For each test, the extinguishant was contained in a four litre capacity suppressor and expelled through the nozzles by a pressurising gas from a regulated nitrogen cylinder.
A preliminary test showed that, without any extinguishant at all, the fire extinguished itself after three minutes due to lack of oxygen.
The following test results were obtained using a liquid extinguishant pressure of 100 bar (gauge) .
TABLE 2
Agent Extinguishment Time (s)
water 38 water and potassium hydrogen carbonate 23
In Example 5, further tests were carried out using water alone, and using water containing, respectively, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate and potassium chloride. In these tests, one litre of diesel
3 fuel, preheated to 90C, was sprayed into a 6.2m closed vessel using compressed nitrogen gas. After a predetermined delay, to allow the spray cloud to become homogenous, the cloud was ignited with a pyrotechnic igniter. The vessel was fitted with externally mounted suppressors, each with a 38mm diameter outlet into the vessel. Each suppressor was pressurised to 52 bar pressure with nitrogen gas. In similar fashion to that explained in connection with Example 1, the opening of the suppressors was triggered automatically by a pressure switch when the internal pressure reached a pre-selected threshold pressure, P 3. Table 3 below shows the results
obtained. As can be seen, the addition of sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate or potassium chloride considerably improves the suppression capabilities of water.
TABLE 3
Suppressant Volume of P. (bar) Maximum Suppressant (L) Pressure (bar) P,
none water 9 water 6 sodium hydrogen carbonate 3 sodium hydrogen carbonate 4 sodium hydrogen carbonate 6 sodium hydrogen carbonate 6 potassium hydrogen carbonate 3 potassium hydrogen carbonate 4 potassium hydrogen carbonate 6 potassium chloride 3 potassium chloride 4 potassium chloride 4 potassium chloride 6
As before, saturated solutions of the additives were used.
A further example of a suitable additive for water is ammonium phosphate. A more specific example, Example 6, comprises a solution of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate ("ADP") in water. Again, a saturated or almost saturated solution in the water can be used, for example 300 grams of ADP per litre of water. Tests have been carried out on the explosion suppressant capabilities of such a substance using the same test environment as described above with reference to the Figure. These tests have shown results corresponding to those shown in curve B of the Figure. A solution of this Example is thus also very effective as a fire extinguishant or explosion suppressant as well as not being environmentally harmful or harmful to humans. ADP is thought to act in a similar way to sodium hydrogen carbonate; i.e. after evaporation of the water, the solid particles of ADP decompose endothermically in the flame to produce chemical species to inhibit the combustion processes.
Although the Examples described above have been particularly tested for their capabilities of suppressing explosions of sprayed diesel fuel, their effectiveness is not restricted to this application.
Claims
1. A fire extinguishant or explosion suppressant substance, comprising a solution of an alkali metal hydrogen carbonate or chloride in water.
2. A substance according to claim 1, in which the alkali metal hydrogen carbonate is sodium hydrogen carbonate.
3. A substance according to claim 1, in which the alkali metal hydrogen carbonate is potassium hydrogen carbonate.
4. A substance according to claim 1, in which the alkali metal chloride is potassium chloride.
5. A fire extinguishant or explosion suppressant substance, comprising a solution of ammonium phosphate in water.
6. A substance according to claim 5, in which the ammonium phosphate is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.
7. A substance according to any preceding claim, in which the solution is substantially a saturated solution.
8. The use of a substance according to any preceding claim as a fire extinguishing or explosion suppressing agent, the substance being sprayed under pressure.
9. A method of extinguishing a fire or suppressing an explosion, comprising the step of applying to the fire or explosion a solution of an alkali metal hydrogen carbonate or chloride in water.
10. A method according to claim 9, in which the alkali metal hydrogen carbonate is sodium hydrogen carbonate.
11. A method according to claim 9, in which the alkali metal hydrogen carbonate is potassium hydrogen carbonate.
12. A method of extinguishing a fire or suppressing an explosion, comprising the step of applying a solution of ammonium phosphate in water to the fire or explosion.
13. A method according to claim 12, in which the ammonium phosphate is ammonium di-hydrogen phosphate.
14. A method according to any one of claims 9 to 13, in which the solution is substantially a saturated solution.
15. A method according to any one of claims 9 to 14, in which the solution is applied by spraying.
16. A fire extinguishing or explosion suppressant substance, substantially as described with reference to any of the Examples herein.
17. A method of extinguishing a fire or suppressing an explosion, substantially as described with reference to any one of the Examples herein.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9114504.5 | 1991-07-04 | ||
| GB919114504A GB9114504D0 (en) | 1991-07-04 | 1991-07-04 | Fire extinguishing and explosion suppressant substances |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1993000963A2 true WO1993000963A2 (en) | 1993-01-21 |
| WO1993000963A3 WO1993000963A3 (en) | 1995-12-14 |
Family
ID=10697845
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/GB1992/001182 WO1993000963A2 (en) | 1991-07-04 | 1992-06-30 | Fire extinguishing and explosion suppressant substances |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2166192A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB9114504D0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1993000963A2 (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114681855A (en) * | 2022-04-09 | 2022-07-01 | 常州大学 | Preparation method of modified ammonium dihydrogen phosphate cold aerosol methane explosion inhibitor |
| US11395931B2 (en) | 2017-12-02 | 2022-07-26 | Mighty Fire Breaker Llc | Method of and system network for managing the application of fire and smoke inhibiting compositions on ground surfaces before the incidence of wild-fires, and also thereafter, upon smoldering ambers and ashes to reduce smoke and suppress fire re-ignition |
| US11400324B2 (en) | 2017-12-02 | 2022-08-02 | Mighty Fire Breaker Llc | Method of protecting life, property, homes and businesses from wild fire by proactively applying environmentally-clean anti-fire (AF) chemical liquid spray in advance of wild fire arrival and managed using a wireless network with GPS-tracking |
| US11826592B2 (en) | 2018-01-09 | 2023-11-28 | Mighty Fire Breaker Llc | Process of forming strategic chemical-type wildfire breaks on ground surfaces to proactively prevent fire ignition and flame spread, and reduce the production of smoke in the presence of a wild fire |
| US11865390B2 (en) | 2017-12-03 | 2024-01-09 | Mighty Fire Breaker Llc | Environmentally-clean water-based fire inhibiting biochemical compositions, and methods of and apparatus for applying the same to protect property against wildfire |
| US11865394B2 (en) | 2017-12-03 | 2024-01-09 | Mighty Fire Breaker Llc | Environmentally-clean biodegradable water-based concentrates for producing fire inhibiting and fire extinguishing liquids for fighting class A and class B fires |
| US11911643B2 (en) | 2021-02-04 | 2024-02-27 | Mighty Fire Breaker Llc | Environmentally-clean fire inhibiting and extinguishing compositions and products for sorbing flammable liquids while inhibiting ignition and extinguishing fire |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1895691A (en) * | 1928-02-27 | 1933-01-31 | Fyr Fyter Co | Fire extinguisher |
| US1895692A (en) * | 1928-02-27 | 1933-01-31 | Fyr Fyter Co | Fire extinguishing composition |
| US2063772A (en) * | 1928-04-10 | 1936-12-08 | Fyr Fyter Co | Fire extinguisher |
| GB935280A (en) * | 1959-06-30 | 1963-08-28 | Elijah Stubley | Improvements in fire extinguishing solutions |
| FR1444056A (en) * | 1965-05-13 | 1966-07-01 | Soc Etu Chimiques Ind Et Agri | Compositions for extinguishing solutions |
| US3615175A (en) * | 1969-03-24 | 1971-10-26 | Combustion Eng | Preventing physical explosion due to the interaction of liquid water and molten chemical compounds |
-
1991
- 1991-07-04 GB GB919114504A patent/GB9114504D0/en active Pending
-
1992
- 1992-06-30 AU AU21661/92A patent/AU2166192A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-06-30 WO PCT/GB1992/001182 patent/WO1993000963A2/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1895691A (en) * | 1928-02-27 | 1933-01-31 | Fyr Fyter Co | Fire extinguisher |
| US1895692A (en) * | 1928-02-27 | 1933-01-31 | Fyr Fyter Co | Fire extinguishing composition |
| US2063772A (en) * | 1928-04-10 | 1936-12-08 | Fyr Fyter Co | Fire extinguisher |
| GB935280A (en) * | 1959-06-30 | 1963-08-28 | Elijah Stubley | Improvements in fire extinguishing solutions |
| FR1444056A (en) * | 1965-05-13 | 1966-07-01 | Soc Etu Chimiques Ind Et Agri | Compositions for extinguishing solutions |
| US3615175A (en) * | 1969-03-24 | 1971-10-26 | Combustion Eng | Preventing physical explosion due to the interaction of liquid water and molten chemical compounds |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| Chemical Abstracts, vol. 91, no. 26, 24 December 1979, (Columbus, Ohio, US) P. Fuchs: "Full-scale fire and extinguishing tests in order to find a suitable extinguishing agent or mixture of extinguishing agents to diminish usual fire-fighting water damages", see page 112, abstract 213360h, & Forschungsber.-Forschungsstelle Brandschutztech. Univ. Karlsruhe 1978, 33, 79 pp. * |
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| US11400324B2 (en) | 2017-12-02 | 2022-08-02 | Mighty Fire Breaker Llc | Method of protecting life, property, homes and businesses from wild fire by proactively applying environmentally-clean anti-fire (AF) chemical liquid spray in advance of wild fire arrival and managed using a wireless network with GPS-tracking |
| US11697041B2 (en) | 2017-12-02 | 2023-07-11 | Mighty Fire Breaker Llc | Method of proactively defending combustible property against fire ignition and flame spread in the presence of wild fire |
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| US11395931B2 (en) | 2017-12-02 | 2022-07-26 | Mighty Fire Breaker Llc | Method of and system network for managing the application of fire and smoke inhibiting compositions on ground surfaces before the incidence of wild-fires, and also thereafter, upon smoldering ambers and ashes to reduce smoke and suppress fire re-ignition |
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| US11865390B2 (en) | 2017-12-03 | 2024-01-09 | Mighty Fire Breaker Llc | Environmentally-clean water-based fire inhibiting biochemical compositions, and methods of and apparatus for applying the same to protect property against wildfire |
| US11865394B2 (en) | 2017-12-03 | 2024-01-09 | Mighty Fire Breaker Llc | Environmentally-clean biodegradable water-based concentrates for producing fire inhibiting and fire extinguishing liquids for fighting class A and class B fires |
| US11826592B2 (en) | 2018-01-09 | 2023-11-28 | Mighty Fire Breaker Llc | Process of forming strategic chemical-type wildfire breaks on ground surfaces to proactively prevent fire ignition and flame spread, and reduce the production of smoke in the presence of a wild fire |
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| CN114681855A (en) * | 2022-04-09 | 2022-07-01 | 常州大学 | Preparation method of modified ammonium dihydrogen phosphate cold aerosol methane explosion inhibitor |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2166192A (en) | 1993-02-11 |
| GB9114504D0 (en) | 1991-08-21 |
| WO1993000963A3 (en) | 1995-12-14 |
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