CN1323236A - Fire extinguishing aerosol forming means - Google Patents
Fire extinguishing aerosol forming means Download PDFInfo
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- CN1323236A CN1323236A CN99811984.9A CN99811984A CN1323236A CN 1323236 A CN1323236 A CN 1323236A CN 99811984 A CN99811984 A CN 99811984A CN 1323236 A CN1323236 A CN 1323236A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/06—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires containing gas-producing, chemically-reactive components
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Abstract
The fire extinguishing aerosol forming means includes a flame suppressing agent, a fuel-binder, a source of carbon, a stabilizer, a modifier of burning and technological additives, it contains as the flame suppressing agent nitrates or alkaline metals or mixture thereof with complex compositions of alkaline metals, as the source of carbon - carbon as such, aliphatic or aromatic alcohols, or mixture thereof, as the modifier of burning it additionally contains a cooling agent, and as the technological additives it additionally contains compositions chosen from the class of glycoles or glycerin. As the cooling agent there could be used either individual substances, or a composition including a heat absorbing component, binding and additives. All fire extinguishing devices using the proposed agent can work in automatic and manual-operated modes, are designed for long service life (up to 10 years and longer), do not require additional service, are always ready for use and for wide purposes.
Description
The present invention relates to the field of fire extinguishing, and more particularly to Fire Extinguishing Aerosol Forming Materials (FEAFM).
Fire extinguishing aerosol forming materials are currently widely used as an effective space fire extinguishing material because they have the following characteristics: the extinguishing aerosol is released rapidly and fills the protected space rapidly, even into difficult places, with the result that in practice a fire can be extinguished in good time (PCT/RU 93/00025, 1993, month 1, 28, A62D 1/00; EP 0560095, 1995, month 1, 25, A62D 1/00).
The use of FEAFM to extinguish fires is based on a fundamentally new mechanism involving combustion of the material with the formation of gaseous and highly dispersed condensation products with suppressive properties and suppression of combustion chain reactions, resulting in the extinguishment of flames. The aerosol formed when burning such materials has fire extinguishing properties due to the presence of alkali metal ions therein. Potassium nitrate or its mixture with potassium perchlorate is the most commonly used source of alkali metal ions in FEAFM. As for other aspects, known FEAFMs vary in the kind of adhesive and contain additives for various purposes (RU 2105581, A62C3/00 and RU2091106, A62D 1/00).
The type of fire-hazardous materials and objects, their size, robustness and other characteristics of the protected space determine the kind of aerosol fire extinguishing device and thus the number of FEAFMs with a range of characteristics related to:
high extinguishing efficiency, which can be expressed in low FEAFM extinguishing concentration;
no negative impact on the atmospheric ozone layer and on the environment, i.e. ecological cleanliness, low toxicity of FEAFM combustion products;
-lower FEAFM combustion product temperature;
the possibility of adjusting the combustion speed, i.e. the speed of release of the extinguishing aerosol, over a wide range;
suitable operating characteristics (mechanical reliability, heat resistance, safety, etc.).
The practical operating conditions of FEAFM in fire extinguishing installations put special demands on aerosol-forming parameters: the extinguishing efficiency and the aerosol formation rate should be high and the extinguishing temperature of the aerosol should be low. In fact, the high speed of aerosol formation corresponds to an increase in the temperature of the aerosol, and a significant decrease in the temperature of the aerosol leads to a loss of its extinguishing efficiency.
Since most FEAFMs in industrial use have a higher combustion temperature and thus form a high temperature aerosol, a practical problem is the need to lower the temperature of the FEAFM combustion products, and at the same time increase their efficiency, for the purpose of obtaining an inexpensive, efficient aerosol-forming fire extinguishing device.
Closest to the claimed solution is an aerosol-forming fire-extinguishing composition disclosed in patent RU2091106, a62D1/00, comprising the following components in mass%:
potassium nitrate 45.0-75.0
Carbon 4.0-11.0
centralyte and/or diphenylamine 0.5-2.0
Industrial or instrument oil 0.5-2.5
Zinc and/or sodium stearate, or their mixture with sulfonated ricinoleate and gelatin 0.02-0.5
Combustion catalyst and/or inhibitor 0.5-20.0
Cellulose plasticizing derivative or mixture of cellulose plasticizing derivative and other adhesive
As combustion catalysts, FEAFM comprises an oxide selected from metals having variable valency or group II metals (oxides of iron, copper, nickel, cobalt, manganese, chromium and zinc or mixtures thereof), organic or inorganic compositions thereof or mixtures thereof (salicylates, phthalates, acetylacetonate or oxalates of copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese, zinc or calcium; carbonates of these metals, excluding calcium carbonate).
As a combustion inhibitor, the FEAFM comprises a compound selected from inorganic or organic phosphorus-containing compounds, inorganic or organic nitrogen-containing compounds, metal hydroxides, carbonates, basic carbonates, borates or aluminum trioxides and/or mixtures thereof.
Even the introduction of a larger amount of inhibitor or its mixture with a catalyst in the FEAFM does not provide stability to the FEAFM transition flame combustion process during flameless gasification.
As the FEAFM weight or heat removal barrier increases, the flameless gasification process changes again in the flame combustion, which will limit the use of the FEAFM in fire extinguishing devices.
Modern fire extinguishing materials based on the use of aerosol-forming compositions provide a variety of agents capable of ensuring cooling of the extinguishing aerosol; cooling liquids (water, aqueous salt solutions), air jets, chemical thermal decomposition powders or compositions.
In patent RU 2086278, a62D1/00 a composition for cooling fire-extinguishing aerosols is disclosed, containing nitrocellulose (plasticized with a low-volatility plasticizer) as binder, diphenylamine, polyvinyl acetate, carbon, iron oxide, basic manganese carbonate or ammonium oxalate or basic magnesium phosphate as filler; and a process additive; industrial or instrument oils; sodium stearate or zinc, graphite, paraffin and water, wherein the content of each component is as follows by mass percent:
5.0-12.5 parts of cellulose nitrate
Low volatility plasticizer 5.0-12.5
Diphenylamine 0.1-0.5
Polyvinyl acetate 0.2-1.5
Carbon 0.1-0.5
0.3-1.5 parts of ferric oxide
Basic manganese carbonate or ammonium oxalate or basic magnesium phosphate 25.0-45.0
Industrial or instrument oil 0.5-5.0
Sodium stearate or zinc 0.1-3.0
0.1-1.5% of graphite
0.1-1.5% paraffin
Balance of water
Such compositions for cooling aerosols are not sufficiently effective because of their low content of endothermic constituents (25-45% by weight). Furthermore, the fluidics, physical and mechanical properties of the composition limit its use directly in combination with aerosol-forming compositions.
The invention provides a fire-extinguishing aerosol-forming material which comprises a flame retardant, a fuel binder, a carbon source, a stabilizer, a combustion modifier and a process additive, and which contains a nitrate of an alkali metal or a mixture of a complex composition thereof with an alkali metal as the flame retardant; carbon or aliphatic alcohol or aromatic alcohol or a mixture thereof as a carbon source; the combustion modifier also contains a coolant; and the process additive also contains a component selected from ethylene glycol or glycerol.
The main components of the material comprise the following components in parts by mass:
35-80 parts of flame inhibitor
Fuel binder 12-40
Carbon sources 1-15
0.5-2.5% of stabilizer
Combustion modifier 1-250
0.5-7.5% of process additive
The flame inhibitor is a mixture of nitrate of alkali metal or its complex composition with alkali metal.
The material included in the alkali metal structured composition includes a composition having a chemical decomposition temperature of about 200 c, i.e., comparable to the surface temperature of a fired FEAFM. As these compositions, sodium biphthalate, potassium hexanitrocobaltate, potassium ferrocyanide, potassium ferricyanide or mixtures thereof are preferably used.
The product formed upon decomposition of the complex has excess energy and is an active promoter of the reaction occurring in the FEAFM surface layer. This will further accelerate the completion of the decomposition of potassium nitrate. The chemical decomposition products of the alkali metal complex composition also act to cut chain reactions of the oxidation process during combustion and, together with the decomposition products of potassium nitrate, form a mixture that effectively suppresses the combustion process.
In addition, the use of the alkali metal complex composition can greatly reduce the carbon content in the FEAFM, thereby reducing the carbon monoxide content in the combustion products of the FEAFM, which in turn reduces the toxicity of the fire extinguishing aerosol itself.
Plasticized cellulose derivatives or mixtures thereof with other binders are used as fuel binders. Preferably, these compositions are used, such as cellulose ethers, for example nitrocellulose, methylcellulose, ethyl acetate or mixtures thereof.
As plasticizers for the cellulose derivatives, ethers of carboxylic or inorganic acids and alcohols can be used, such as triacetin, diethylene glycol propionate, triethylene glycol dipropionate, dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl sebacate, diethylene glycol dinitrate or triethylene glycol dinitrate or mixtures thereof.
FEAFM may contain polyvinyl acetate, or polyvinyl alcohol, or mixtures thereof as additional binders.
As a carbon source, the material contains carbon, such as an aliphatic or aromatic alcohol (e.g., sorbitol, xylitol, picocatachol, hydroquinone or α -naphthol), or a mixture thereof.
centralyte and/or diphenylamine are most commonly used as stabilizers.
The material contains a combustion catalyst and/or suppressant, and a coolant as a combustion modifier. The combustion characteristics of the FEAFM should be adjusted to a desired level.
The combustion catalyst serves to increase the combustion speed and maintain combustion stability at low pressure. These catalysts accelerate the achievement of thermodynamic equilibrium for oxidation reactions such as:
As catalysts, it is possible in principle to use combinations of metals having variable valency, for example oxides of iron, copper, nickel, cobalt, manganese, chromium; inorganic or organic combinations of these metals or mixtures thereof. The amount of the catalyst added in the FEAFM is 0.5 to 10 parts by mass, preferably 1 to 5 parts by mass.
The combustion inhibitors are added to the FEAFM in order to reduce their combustion speed, to reduce the combustion temperature of the surface and flame zone. The inhibition of combustion chemical reactions can be achieved by inhibiting flame (gas) reactive centers by inhibitors or their decomposition products, or by enhancing carbonization reactions, forming dense and hard carbon decomposition products on the combustion surface, thereby altering the mass and heat exchange conditions at the gas and condensed phase boundaries. Due to the following reaction
As suppressant, a combustion composition selected from the following classes may be used: inorganic or organic phosphorus and/or nitrogen containing compositions, borates or carbonates or hydroxides of group III metals or mixtures thereof.
For example, for phosphorus-and nitrogen-containing inhibitors, it may be preferable to employ phosphates of potassium, calcium, iron with any degree of substitution; triphenyl phosphate; ammonium phosphate, ferric ammonium phosphate, ammonium oxalate, ferric ammonium oxalate; amide-ureas, triazines and derivatives thereof, dicyandiamide; in a metal borate: borates of potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, barium, zinc.
The amount of the inhibitor added is 5 to 30 parts by mass, preferably 15 to 25 parts by mass.
The effect of adding coolant in the FEAFM is to change the combustion heat balance. The surface temperature is additionally lowered and the FEAFM combustion products are cooled due to the physical removal of heat from the particles used to heat the incoming coolant, its endothermic decomposition, and shielding by the heat flow from the combustion reaction zone to the combustion surface.
As coolant, oxides and hydroxides of group II metals, aluminosilicates, naphthalene, metal flakes or mixtures thereof, or endothermic compositions can be used.
The non-combustible products of the decomposition of the composition dilute the products of the FEAFM combustion in the reaction flame zone, lower the temperature of the flame and reduce the thermal backflow to the combustion surface. The reaction of the FEAFM combustion products with the decomposition products of the endothermic composition causes these products to quench and may protect them from further reaction, as a result, producing a cooled aerosol. The heat absorption composition comprises the following components in parts by mass:
endothermic component 50-80
Adhesive 10-35
Additives 1 to 7
Thus, as heat-absorbing components, carbonates or basic carbonates, phosphates of group II metals are mainly used; crystalline hydrides thereof, hydroxides of group III metals or mixtures thereof; as binder-cellulose derivatives, for example nitrocellulose plasticized with low-volatility plasticizers, such as triacetin and/or dibutyl terephthalate, and polyvinyl acetate or polyvinyl alcohol; as additives, lubricating oil, potassium or zinc stearate, silicone composition and oleic acid can be used.
The amount of the coolant added may vary widely from 0.5 to 250 parts by mass, depending on the purpose and use of the FEAFM in a particular fire extinguishing apparatus.
Useful as process additives in FEAFM are lubricating oils whose components are selected from ethylene glycol, or glycerol, salts of fatty acids, such as potassium stearate or zinc stearate or mixtures thereof with sulfonated ricinoleate and gelatin.
The reason why the ethylene glycol such as diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, or glycerin composition is introduced in the FEAFM is that they have a lubricating effect. As additional process additives for reducing external friction and sticking to process equipment during FEAFM manufacture and its handling of various products (aerosol-forming ingredients), they are added in amounts of 0.1-2 parts by mass. A mixture comprising three components was used: optimum efficiency can be achieved with process additives of lubricating oil, diethylene glycol (triethylene glycol or glycerol) and fatty acid salts.
Diethylene glycol or triethylene glycol can simultaneously serve as a plasticizer for cellulose derivatives, in particular nitrocellulose, and as a minor additive (2 to 5 parts by mass) to the base plasticizer, which improves the nitrocellulose plasticizing process.
All ingredients are mixed in the desired proportions by dry method or in an aqueous environment (for nitrate plasticizers which are insoluble in water), at a temperature of 10-55 c in an apparatus equipped with a stirrer, and the resulting mixture is then formed into a product of the desired size andshape at 50-80 c. When manufacturing a FEAFM in water, a fire extinguishing agent is added to the mixture of the press water. When an endothermic composition is employed as the cooling agent, the product is manufactured and formed in the same manner; when the FEAFM is manufactured without using the coolant, it is mixed or the product is used in a layered state.
The main feature of the FEAFM is its Fire Extinguishing Efficiency (FEE), i.e. the minimum FEAFM weight that ensures flame suppression in a 1 cubic meter protected space.
The FEE of the FEAFM composition can be determined under laboratory and test conditions while suppressing flammable liquids (acetone, gasoline, ethanol and isopropanol, mixture of diesel and gasoline) and can be confirmed by aerosol generator tests on the basis thereof.
The laboratory technique of FEE estimation is described below. A burning ethanol lamp or furnace with a flammable liquid and a weight of FEAFM sample was placed in an exhaust hood under a 10 liter glass cap and connected with a nichrome spiral. The nickel-chromium spiral was powered with a current of approximately 12 volts to ignite the FEAFM sample and the process of suppressing the flame of the ethanol lamp (or flammable liquid) was observed through the transparent glass cap. The results were considered positive if the flame was suppressed no more than 5 seconds after burning the FEAFM sample. The minimum extinguishing concentration can be determined by interpolation at the two closest points. For comparison, a verification experiment was performed with an ethanol lamp (or a flammable liquid in a furnace) burning under a closed cap. The natural extinguishing time of the ethanol lamp was 75 seconds due to the consumption of oxygen in the air enclosed in the cap.
The test technique for measuring the FEAFM fire extinguishing efficiency uses the US standard UL 1058.
In a chamber with a volume of 1 cubic meter (2.08 x 0.8 x 0.6), a flat screen 0.25 meters wide is fitted in the middle part of the chamber over its entire height, 5 combustible liquid sources (75 mm in diameter, 125mm in height, 500 ml of petrol in each source) are placed in the chamber, placed at the four corners of the chamber and one behind the screen. In the chamber lid, above each flammable liquid source, there is a small window made of plexiglass for observing the flame suppression.
The FEAFM samples tested were placed in a metal housing and fixed to the central portion of the chamber sidewall. The FEAFM sample is initially ignited with a fusible link or a power supply located outside the test chamber. Gasoline or another flammable liquid in the chamber is burned on a fire and the lid of the test chamber is closed. The FEAFM samples were ignited 30 seconds after the flammable liquid was stably burned. After a further 1 minute, the chamber lid was opened and the chamber was inspected after dispersion of the aerosol. The suppression or burning of the flammable liquid is determined by means of interpretation oscillographic recordings or by observation through a window in the chamber cover.
The results were considered reliable if all flames were suppressed within no more than 1 minute after the FEAFM sample combustion was complete. The method of manufacturing the FEAFM is illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The FEAFM has the following composition structure (in parts by mass):
combustion inhibitor: 58.0 parts of potassium nitrate
Diphthalate potassium borate 10.0
Carbon source: highly dispersed carbon 2.0
For chemical stabilisation
Neutral stabilizer 0.3
Diphenylamine 0.7
Process additive diethylene glycol 1.0
Lubricating (industrial) oil 1.0
Sodium stearate (Zinc) 0.1
Fuel-Binder Nitrocellulose 12.4
Glycerol triacetate 9.0
Polyvinyl acetate 2.0
Combustion modifier:
-a catalyst: iron oxide 1.5
-a coolant: hydrated magnesium oxide 1.0
All the loose ingredients except potassium nitrate and stabilizer were added in the said ratio to a "Beken" type apparatus at room temperature, mixed and the liquid ingredients were added with the dissolved neutralizer and diphenylamine added thereto, and mixed. Finally, for safety reasons, potassium nitrate was added to the apparatus and mixed for not less than 30 minutes. The mixture obtained is discharged from the apparatus, rolled on a hydraulic and screw press at 60-70 ℃ and formed into granules of the desired size.
According to the experimental evaluation method, the extinguishing efficiency of the FEAFM is 10 g/m, and under the test conditions according to standard UL1058 is 25 g/m.
Example 2
The FEAFM has the following composition structure (in parts by mass):
combustion inhibitor: 58.0 parts of potassium nitrate
Potassium ferricyanide 10.0
Carbon source: highly dispersed carbon 2.0
Stabilizer neutralizer 0.3
Diphenylamine 0.7
Process additive diethylene glycol 1.0
Lubricating (industrial) oil 1.0
Sodium stearate 0.1
Fuel-Binder Nitrocellulose 11.9
Glycerol triacetate 9.0
Polyvinyl acetate 2.0
Combustion modifier:
cobalt acetylacetonate 2.0
Magnesium hydroxide 1.0
FEAFM was prepared similarly as described in example 1. According to the experimental evaluation method, the extinguishing efficiency of the FEAFM is 10 g/m, and under the test conditions according to standard UL1058 is 25 g/m.
Example 3
The preparation was carried out according to the method of example 1.
Results and efficiency data are shown in the table.
Example 4
The FEAFM has the following composition structure (in parts by mass):
combustion inhibitor: 50.0 parts of potassium nitrate
Diphthalate potassium borate 5.0
Carbon source: highly dispersed carbon 4.5
Sorbitol 5.0
Stabilizer medium 0.5
Diphenylamine 0.5
Process additive diethylene glycol 0.5
Lubricating (industrial) oil 1.0
Zinc stearate 0.07
Sulfonated ricinoleate 0.1
Gelatin 0.03
Fuel-Binder Nitrocellulose 13.8
Diethylene glycol dinitrate and triethylene glycol dinitrate (7: 16.0)
3) Mixture of
Combustion modifier:
iron oxide 2.0
Hydrated magnesium oxide 1.0
All ingredients except the combustion inhibitor and sorbitol were mixed in a mixer in an aqueous environment at M1: 5 without additional heating of the equipment. To this mixer was added nitrocellulose, process additives (lubricating oil, diethylene glycol, zinc stearate) and a combustion modifier. Emulsions of plasticizer and stabilizer mixture for chemical stability were prepared separately by adding emulsifier-sulfonated ricinoleate and emulsion stabilizer-gelatin, adding the emulsions to a mixer and mixing the components in the mixer for 18-24 hours. The resulting mixture was then water extruded on an extrusion device to a moisture content of 10-16 mass% and mixed again with the combustion inhibitor and sorbitol for 20-30 minutes in a device without mechanical mixer. The prepared mixture is rolled at 60-80 ℃ on a hydraulic and screw press and formed into granules of the desired size.
Examples 5 to 6
The preparation was carried out according to the method of example 1.
The structural and efficiency data are shown in the table.
Example 7
The FEAFM has the following composition structure (in parts by mass):
combustion inhibitor: 58.0 parts of potassium nitrate
Diphthalate potassium borate 10.0
Carbon source: highly dispersed carbon 2.0
Stabilizer medium 0.5
Diphenylamine 0.5
Process additive diethylene glycol 1.0
Lubricating (industrial) oil 1.0
Zinc stearate 0.1
Fuel-Binder Nitrocellulose 12.4
Glycerol triacetate 9.0
Polyvinyl acetate 2.0
Combustion modifier:
-a catalyst: iron oxide 1.5
-a coolant: heat absorbing composition
Nitrocellulose 12.0
Glycerol triacetate 9.8
Polyvinyl acetate 2.0
Basic magnesium carbonate 67.0
Lubricating (industrial) oil 2.0
Sodium stearate 0.2
Oligo ethyl dihydro siloxane 2.7
Oleic acid 1.3
Equilibrium water 3.0
All the ingredients except the coolant were mixed in a "Beken" type apparatus as in example 1, and the resulting mixture was rolled and granulated as in example 1 and made into granules or a product. An endothermic composition was prepared separately. All the ingredients are mixed in the desired ratio in a "Beken" type device. The magnesium bicarbonate treatment is started with an aqueous emulsion of the silicone composition, oleic acid is added and mixed over 20-30 minutes. The emulsion formed is then filtered to a moisture content of 50-70%. All liquid ingredients were put into the mixing device and mixed for not less than 30 minutes.
The resulting mixture is rolled on a screw press at 90-120 ℃ and formed into pellets of the desired shape and size. The components thus obtained are mixed in the proportions indicated above. The efficiency data are shown in the table.
Example 8
The preparation was carried out according to the method described in example 7.
The structural and efficiency data are shown in the table.
Influence of the structure of the agent on its efficiency
| The content of the components is as follows, mass portion of | Structure of fire extinguishing agent according to the present embodiment | ||||||||
| Russian patent 2091106 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| Flame suppression agent: | 45-75 | ||||||||
| potassium nitrate | 58 | 58 | 53.9 | 50 | 54 | 64 | 59 | 40.5 | |
| Diphthalic acid potassium borate | 10 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 5 | ||||
| Potassium ferricyanide | 10 | ||||||||
| Potassium hexanitrocobaltate | 5 | ||||||||
| Carbon source | 4-11 | ||||||||
| Carbon (C) | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4.5 | 2 | 7.5 | 2 | 5 | |
| Sorbitol | 9 | 5 | |||||||
| Stabilizer | 0.5-2.0 | ||||||||
| Mixing of neutralization agent and diphenylamine Compound (I) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| The process additive comprises the following steps: | 0.52-3.0 | ||||||||
| diethylene glycol | 1 | 1 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | |
| Lubricating oil | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Sodium stearate (Zinc) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Fuel-adhesive agent | 12-41.85 | ||||||||
| Nitrocellulose | 12.4 | 11.9 | 12.4 | 13.8 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | |
| Glycerol triacetate vinegar | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | ||
| Plasticizer LD-70 | 16 | ||||||||
| Polyvinyl acetate | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||
| Combustion modifier: | 0.5-20 | ||||||||
| catalyst and process for preparing same | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 2 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 3 | |
| Inhibitors | 20 | ||||||||
| Coolant | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 100 | 5 | |
| Efficiency of fire extinguishing agent, g/m3 | 15-54 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 20 | 12 | 40 | 35 |
*Mixture of LD-70-diethylene glycol dinitrate and triethylene glycol dinitrate (7: 3)
From this table it is evident that the lower limit of the extinguishing concentration is lowered, i.e. the extinguishing efficiency is increased, compared to the prior art. In a modification of the FEAFM embodiment, which has a state-of-the-art fire extinguishing efficiency, such as sample 5, the fire extinguishing aerosol is characterized by a lower toxic monoxide content (due to the lower carbon content therein). In embodiments according to examples 8 and 7, the FEAFM contains sufficient amounts of inhibitor and/or coolant and no additional cooling means need be used when using them in a fire extinguishing apparatus.
Aerosol-forming fire-extinguishing compositions according to the prior art are used in fire-extinguishing devices together with a coolant, the purpose of which is to obtain a cooled, non-combustible aerosol. The use of a coolant reduces the efficiency (increases the extinguishing concentration) because the aerosol solidifies on the coolant layer. The fire extinguishing concentration in this case is increased to 50 to 54 g/m or more.
Adding an inhibitor or a mixture thereof with a catalyst and/or a coolant to said FEAFM in an amount of 20 parts by mass or more can form a stable non-combustible vaporized FEAFM. The vaporization characteristics of FEAFMs and their greater operational safety make them useful as products having a larger surface, for example in particulate form, which can facilitate the release of aerosols and rapidly fill the protected space, and which is also economically advantageous.
To eliminate the flame from penetrating the layers of particles of the FEAFM it is advisable to include a coolant in the FEAFM, for example in the form of a metal sheet or a fine product of heat absorbing composition, to form a mechanical mixture. The coolant in this case promotes the formation of a looser FEAFM structure, helping to dissipate heat and at the same time taking away additional heat for self-heating.
The amount of coolant used depends on the chemical composition, size, use characteristics, and other factors of the FEAFM product used.
In the FEAFM without inhibitor, the amount of coolant may be higher. Depending on the desired purpose, for example the use of FEAFM in devices for extinguishing explosives and objects, it may be advisable to use the resulting extinguishing aerosol under cooling conditions, for example at a temperature below the self-ignition point of the explosive mixture, so that up to 250 parts by mass of coolant can be used in the FEAFM. FEAFM is characterized by a broad spectrum of characteristic changes depending on the structure and amount of the combustion modifier. By varying the catalyst-inhibitor-coolant ratio, the FEAFM can be tuned from its flame combustion to the thermal decomposition process that forms the non-combustible gas. In principle, high temperature aerosols have the finest dispersed structure and are characterized by a high extinguishing efficiency and aerosol generation speed. The non-combustible low temperature aerosol has somewhat lower fire extinguishing efficiency and the aerosol generation speed is lower. Each variant has its own advantages which are practically achievable. The high rate of aerosol formation facilitates rapid filling and fire suppression concentration in protected spaces, so that fire suppression devices based on such FEAFMs can be used in confined, ventilated or extended objects, such as vehicle engine spaces, cable ducts, etc. In order to protect the enclosed space against rapid pressure increases, it is advisable to use extinguishing devices based on FEAFM with a lower aerosol formation rate. The invention can greatly enlarge the application area of the FEAFM because the temperature of the generated fire extinguishing aerosol and the generation speed of the aerosol can be adjusted in a wider range, and can be used in various fire extinguishing devices, and the invention can adopt a coolant or not, and the latter is that the FEAFM is stably vaporized so as not to need to additionally cool the aerosol.
The final environment can significantly simplify the design of the device, making it contain less metal, simplifying production and reliable use. The aerosol generated by the FEAFM can reliably extinguish various fires and prevent the fly ash-gas-air explosive mixture.
The basic properties of the FEAFM (physical-chemical properties, mechanical properties, processing characteristics, etc.) allow products of various sizes and shapes to be manufactured and used in fire extinguishing apparatus.
The areas of use of said FEAFM in fire extinguishing installations are characterized by the widest range: the storage of various automobiles, railroads, aviation, water transportation, subways, flammable liquids and fuels and lubricants, enterprises in various industrial sectors, including objects with explosive fly-ash-gas-air environments and communication networks for power supply and ventilation.
All devices using FEAFM can work in automatic and manual operation, they can be designed to be long lasting (up to 10 years or more), do not require additional services, and are always on waiting for start-up. The material has low toxicity, is harmless to ozone, cannot cause metal corrosion, and cannot damage the material.
The FEAF of the present invention thus fully solves the problem.
Claims (11)
1. A fire extinguishing aerosol forming material comprising a flame suppressant, a fuel binder, a source of carbon, a stabiliser, a combustion modifier and a process additive, characterised in that the material contains an alkali metal nitrate or a mixture thereof with a complex composition of alkali metal as a flame suppressant; carbon or aliphatic or aromatic alcohol, or a mixture thereof as a carbon source; the combustion modifier also contains a coolant; and the process additive also contains a component selected from ethylene glycol or glycerol.
2. The material according to claim 1, characterized in that it has the following composition in parts by mass:
35-80 parts of flame inhibitor
Fuel-adhesive 12-40
Carbon sources 1-15
0.5-2.5% of stabilizer
Combustion modifier 1-250
0.5-7.5% of process additive
3. Material according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains as process additive lubricating oil, a salt of stearic acid, such as sodium stearate or zinc stearate, or a mixture of said salt with sulphonated ricinoleate and gelatin.
4. Material according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a catalyst and/or inhibitor and a coolant as combustion modifier.
5. Material according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that it contains as coolant oxides and hydroxides of group II metals, aluminosilicates, naphthalene, metal flakes or mixtures thereof.
6. Material according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that it contains as coolant an endothermic composition comprising the following proportions of endothermic components, binders and additives, in parts by mass:
endothermic component 50-80
Adhesive 10-35
1-7 parts of additive.
7. Material according to claim 6, characterized in that it contains as binder a derivative of cellulose with the following composition, a plasticizer of low volatility and polyvinyl acetate or polyvinyl alcohol, in parts by mass:
derivatives of cellulose and low-volatility plasticizers 9-34
Polyvinyl acetate or polyvinyl alcohol 1-5.
8. Material according to claim 6, characterized in that it contains as heat-absorbing component carbonates or hydroxycarbonates, phosphates of group II metals; crystalline hydrides or hydroxides of group III metals or mixtures thereof.
9. Material according to claim 6, characterized in that it contains as additives lubricating oil, sodium or zinc stearate, a silicone composition and oleic acid.
10. Material according to claim 4, characterized in that it contains as catalyst a component selected from the group comprising: oxides of metals having variable valences, their organic or inorganic components, or mixtures thereof.
11. Material according to claim 4, characterized in that it contains as inhibitor an inorganic or organic phosphorus-and/or nitrogen-containing composition, a hydroxide of a group III metal, a borate or carbonate of a metal or a mixture thereof.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| RU98117411 | 1998-09-11 | ||
| RU98117411/12A RU2146546C1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 1998-09-11 | Fire-extinguishing aerosol-generating agent |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1323236A true CN1323236A (en) | 2001-11-21 |
| CN1150046C CN1150046C (en) | 2004-05-19 |
Family
ID=20210583
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB998119849A Expired - Fee Related CN1150046C (en) | 1998-09-11 | 1999-08-03 | Fire extinguishing aerosol forming means |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1109601B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1150046C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE231018T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU754475B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9913567A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2348644A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69904950T2 (en) |
| MY (1) | MY133539A (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2146546C1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000015305A1 (en) |
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| WO2011088666A1 (en) * | 2010-01-19 | 2011-07-28 | 陕西坚瑞消防股份有限公司 | Catalytic chemical coolant for hot aerosol and making process thereof |
| CN102772877A (en) * | 2012-07-10 | 2012-11-14 | 启东市中勇机电工具有限公司 | Fire extinguishing agent |
| CN102949804A (en) * | 2011-08-25 | 2013-03-06 | 丁一 | Pollution-free gaseous extinguishant |
| CN103990246A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2014-08-20 | 钟远 | Extinguishing agent, engine compartment extinguishing apparatus using it, and engine compartment extinguishing method |
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| CN113939346A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2022-01-14 | 塞拉诺瓦有限公司 | Aerosol-forming composition for fire extinguishing |
| CN114129948A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-03-04 | 湖北及安盾消防科技有限公司 | Aerosol composition, method for producing the same, and fire extinguishing agent |
| CN116159276A (en) * | 2023-02-27 | 2023-05-26 | 湖北及安盾消防科技有限公司 | Self-cooling flameless hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN116328246A (en) * | 2023-03-16 | 2023-06-27 | 湖北及安盾消防科技有限公司 | Combined type hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof |
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| US7337856B2 (en) | 2003-12-02 | 2008-03-04 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Method and apparatus for suppression of fires |
| US20050115721A1 (en) | 2003-12-02 | 2005-06-02 | Blau Reed J. | Man-rated fire suppression system |
| WO2010137933A1 (en) * | 2009-05-26 | 2010-12-02 | Boris Jankovski | Gas generating charges for aerosol fire suppression devices and their production technology |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| RU2006239C1 (en) * | 1992-02-21 | 1994-01-30 | Люберецкое научно-производственное объединение "Союз" | Aerosol-forming fire-extinguishing composition |
| DE69206399T2 (en) * | 1992-03-19 | 1996-07-04 | Spectronix Ltd | Fire extinguishing process. |
| RU2105581C1 (en) * | 1995-04-07 | 1998-02-27 | Зиновий Петрович Пак | Composition for fire extinguishing |
| RU2086278C1 (en) * | 1995-06-26 | 1997-08-10 | Люберецкое научно-производственное объединение "Союз" | Composition for cooling fire-extinguishing aerosol and method of manufacture thereof |
| DE19531130A1 (en) * | 1995-08-24 | 1997-02-27 | Bayern Chemie Gmbh Flugchemie | Granulated or pelleted gas generating substance, suitable for use in airbags |
| RU2091106C1 (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 1997-09-27 | Федеральный центр двойных технологий "Союз" | Aerosol forming fire-extinguishing compound |
-
1998
- 1998-09-11 RU RU98117411/12A patent/RU2146546C1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1999
- 1999-08-03 BR BR9913567-1A patent/BR9913567A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-08-03 CN CNB998119849A patent/CN1150046C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-08-03 AU AU53110/99A patent/AU754475B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-08-03 CA CA002348644A patent/CA2348644A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-08-03 AT AT99938680T patent/ATE231018T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-08-03 WO PCT/RU1999/000269 patent/WO2000015305A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-08-03 DE DE69904950T patent/DE69904950T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-08-03 EP EP99938680A patent/EP1109601B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-08-11 MY MYPI99003441A patent/MY133539A/en unknown
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69904950D1 (en) | 2003-02-20 |
| DE69904950T2 (en) | 2003-11-06 |
| WO2000015305A1 (en) | 2000-03-23 |
| MY133539A (en) | 2007-11-30 |
| EP1109601B1 (en) | 2003-01-15 |
| ATE231018T1 (en) | 2003-02-15 |
| AU5311099A (en) | 2000-04-03 |
| BR9913567A (en) | 2001-05-22 |
| CA2348644A1 (en) | 2000-03-23 |
| RU2146546C1 (en) | 2000-03-20 |
| AU754475B2 (en) | 2002-11-14 |
| CN1150046C (en) | 2004-05-19 |
| EP1109601A1 (en) | 2001-06-27 |
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