RU2091106C1 - Aerosol forming fire-extinguishing compound - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: volume fire extinguishing, particular, development of aerosol-forming compounds. SUBSTANCE: the offered compound includes, mas.% potassium nitrate 45-75; carbon 4-11; centralite and/or diphenylamine 0.5-2.0; industrial or instrument oil 0.5-2.5; zinc stearate and/or sodium stearate or mixture of salts with sulforicinate and gelatine 0.02-0.5; catalyst and/or inhibitor of burning 0.5-20.0; the balance, plasticized derivative of cellulose or its mixture with additional binding agent. EFFECT: higher fire-extinguishing efficiency, ecological cleanness, lowered combustion temperature and reduced combustion products. 12 cl

Description

 The invention relates to the field of volumetric fire extinguishing, in particular to the field of development of aerosol forming fire extinguishing compositions.

 At present, aerosol forming fire extinguishing compositions (AOC) are widely used as fire extinguishing agents, characterized by increased efficiency (US Pat. RF Cl. 6 A 62 C NN 2005516, 2005517, 2006239, 2022589, 2046614, US Pat. No. 5,053,147 Cl. A 62 D 1/00 et al.).

 Fire fighting using AOS is based on a fundamentally new mechanism, namely, that the composition itself burns and forms gaseous and highly dispersed condensed products during combustion, which are an aerosol with inhibitory properties, which, getting into the fire, suppresses combustion chain reactions and extinguishes the flame . The presence of alkali and alkaline earth metal ions in the combustion products of AOS makes it fire extinguishing.

 Potassium nitrate or a mixture of it with potassium perchlorate is most often used as a source of alkali metal ions. Known AOSs differ, as a rule, by the type of binder and the content of technological additives.

 In the patent of the Russian Federation N 2046614 (BI N 30/95) a pyrotechnic composition is considered consisting of nitrate or perchlorate of alkali metals (55-90 wt.) And a combustible binder iditol (10-45 wt.).

 The RF patent N 2005517 (BI N 1/94) proposes a composition for extinguishing a fire, including a thermally dispersible component (1.0-35 wt.), An oxidizing agent (50-94 wt.), A fuel-binder (3-25 wt. ), a plasticizer (1-20 wt.), technological additives and a combustion modifier (0.1-15 wt.).

 Chlorides, sulfates, sulfides, phosphates of alkali and alkaline earth metals are used as a thermally dispersible component, perchlorates and potassium and sodium nitrates are used as an oxidizing agent, ethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose, various types of rubbers, polymers, for example polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, as well as epoxy or polyester resins. A wide range of compounds is considered and as a plasticizer, these are diesters and phosphorus-containing plasticizers, organic nitrates and azides. This composition provides for the use of a combustion modifier to ensure stability of its combustion at elevated (up to 20 atm.) Pressures. However, in the description of the invention there are no indications of a specific example of a combustion modifier or its belonging to any class of compounds.

 Closest to the proposed invention in terms of component composition and the achieved effect is AOS according to the patent of the Russian Federation N 2006239, A 62 D 1/00 (BI N 2/94), containing wt.

Potassium Nitrate 40-70
Carbon 5-15
Centralitis or diphenylamine, or a mixture of 0.5-2.0
Industrial or instrument oil 0.5-2.5
Sodium stearate or zinc stearate, or a mixture thereof, or a mixture of salts with sulforicinate and gelatin 0.02-0.5
Plasticized nitrocellulose or a mixture of it with polyvinyl acetate - Else.

 Diethylene glycol dinitrate or triethylene glycol dinitrate, or a mixture thereof, or triacetin are used as a plasticizer for nitrocellulose.

 This composition differs from the known AOCs by the content of the activator of decomposition of potassium carbon nitrate, and its amount increases with increasing content of potassium nitrate (a high content of potassium nitrate is necessary to achieve maximum fire extinguishing efficiency of AOC). This leads to an increase in the concentration of AOS monoxides, especially when burning AOS in closed and semi-closed volumes, which occurs when AOS is used in fire extinguishing aerosol generators.

 The objective of the invention is the development of AOS with high fire extinguishing efficiency, which allows to reduce the content of toxic gases, lower the combustion temperature of the fire extinguishing composition and the temperature of its combustion products.

 This object is achieved in that the AOC, including potassium nitrate, its decomposition activator-carbon, anti-aging agent, processing aids, fuel-binder, additionally contains a catalyst and / or a combustion inhibitor, and as a fuel-binder, a plasticized cellulose derivative or a mixture with an additional binder.

 As a catalyst, metal oxides of variable valency and of the second group, their organic and inorganic compounds, or mixtures thereof can be used. Inhibitors can be inorganic or organic phosphorus compounds, nitrogen-containing organic compounds, ammonium salts, inorganic combustion inhibitors, or mixtures thereof. The constituent components are taken in the following ratio, wt.

Potassium Nitrate 45-75
Carbon 4-11
Centralitis and / or diphenylamine 0.5-2.0
Industrial or instrument oil 0.5-2.5
Zinc stearate and / or sodium stearate or a mixture of salts with sulforicinate and gelatin 0.02-0.5
Catalyst and / or combustion inhibitor 0.5-20.0
A plasticized cellulose derivative or a mixture thereof with an additional binder Else.

 As the combustion catalyst of the proposed AOC among metal oxides of variable valency and of the second group, for example, oxides of iron, copper, nickel, cobalt, manganese, chromium, zinc or a mixture thereof can be used, in particular a hopcalite mixture of copper and manganese oxides, as well as oxides supported on a substrate, for example, copper oxide deposited on alumina, silica gel, zeolite.

 It is also advisable to use organic and inorganic metal compounds as catalysts for AOC burning, since during the combustion of AOC as a result of decomposition of these compounds metal oxides are formed in a highly dispersed state with an active surface, as a result of which, at the moment of formation, metal oxides have increased catalytic activity.

 Among organic compounds of metals of variable valency and of the second group, it is advisable to use, for example, salicylates, phthalates, acetylacetonates, oxalates of copper, nickel, cobalt, manganese, iron, zinc, calcium, and among inorganic compounds, for example, carbonates of the same metals or mixtures thereof.

 The most preferred combustion catalysts of the proposed AOC from the point of view of high catalytic effect, low or moderate toxicity of the compounds themselves and their wide raw material base are iron oxides, zinc zinc, hopcalite, basic copper salicylate (complex), iron oxalate.

 The optimal amount of catalyst in AOS is 0.5-5.0 wt. The introduction of a catalyst of less than 0.5% into AOS is inefficient, and when its content exceeds 5%, the catalytic effect reaches saturation.

 It was experimentally confirmed that the use of combustion catalysts in AOS allowed to lower the upper limit on the content of carbon, which is an activator of the decomposition of potassium nitrate, to 11 wt. and raise the upper limit on the content of potassium nitrate to 75 wt. as a result, the fire extinguishing efficiency of AOS increases, and since the relative fraction of the oxidizing agent (oxygen) in the AOS increases, the carbon monoxide content in its combustion products decreases.

 Potassium metaphosphate, alkaline earth metal phosphates such as calcium, magnesium, barium can be used as combustion inhibitors in the proposed AOC in a series of inorganic phosphates.

 Among organic phosphorus-containing compounds, it is advisable to use, for example, triallyl phosphate, diallyl phenyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate.

 Of the nitrogen-containing compounds, amides, for example urea, triazine and its derivatives, can be used.

 Among the ammonium salts, it is possible to use, for example, ammonium phosphate or polyphosphate, ammonium oxalate, iron-ammonium oxalate, iron-ammonium phosphate.

 In a series of inorganic moderators, aluminum trioxide (hydroxide), magnesium, calcium, iron hydroxides can be used; carbonates of alkaline earth metals, in particular magnesium, calcium; metal borates of the first and second groups, for example sodium borate (borax), zinc borate.

 The amount of inhibitor administered is determined by a number of factors. When its content in AOS is less than 2 wt. the inhibitory effect is practically not observed. Introduction to AOS inhibitor from 5 to 10 wt. significantly reduces the length of the flame, and its content from 15 to 20 wt. practically transfers AOS combustion to the stage of flameless gasification. Enter the inhibitor in excess of 20 wt. impractical, because it leads to a deterioration in the flammability of AOS.

The catalyst and / or combustion inhibitor is introduced into the AOC for the same purpose.
reduce the content of toxic gases in its products of combustion.

The purpose of the combustion catalyst is to accelerate the achievement of thermodynamic equilibrium of the AOS combustion reactions, such as:
No + CO CO ₂ + N ₂
C + ₂ NO CO ₂ + N ₂
CO + H ₂ CO ₂ + H ₂ , etc.

 When using AOS containing a catalyst in a fire extinguishing device with a cooler, complete oxidation products enter the cooling zone, therefore, the content of toxic gases (products of incomplete decomposition of AOS) in the flowing aerosol decreases.

In the case of the use of a combustion inhibitor (for example, potassium metaphosphate) due to inhibition of oxidation reactions, the AOS flame combustion process, depending on the amount of the inhibitor, passes to the flameless gasification stage or, at least, the length of the flame reaction zone is sharply reduced. It was experimentally established that such a process is accompanied by the formation of a large carbon skeleton, and in gaseous products the carbon monoxide content decreases due to the acceleration of the reaction 2nCO __ → C _n + nCO ₂ (V. I. Kolodov. Combustion retardants of polymeric materials. M. "Chemistry", 1980, p. 90).

 Phosphate and other compounds, being combustion retardants, are simultaneously catalysts for the carbonization process, the result of their total effect is the formation of carbon (coke) formations.

 When using AOS containing a combustion inhibitor in a fire extinguishing device to eliminate the flame and reduce the temperature of the aerosol at the exit from it, the number of cooling elements is sharply reduced, and in some cases the presence of a cooler is practically not required.

 There is no clear boundary between catalysts and combustion inhibitors. Moreover, some compounds, being combustion catalysts, enhance the action of combustion inhibitors. For example, vanadium-containing oxides of lower valence are synergists of phosphorus-containing flame retardants. For this reason, the present invention provides for the simultaneous use of catalysts and combustion inhibitors in AOS.

 In order to vary the properties and expand the raw material base of AOS, a cellulose derivative selected from the groups including cellulose ethers or esters or their salts, for example nitrocellulose, methyl, ethyl, cellulose acetates, acetobutyrate, acetopropionate, tripropionate, is used as a fuel-binding agent cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose or mixtures thereof.

 For each type of cellulose derivative, its optimal plasticizer and its quantity relative to it are selected.

 As a plasticizer, compounds are used individually or in the form of a mixture of two or more components that are representative of inorganic or carboxylic acid esters of alcohols, for example diethylene glycol dinitrate, triethylene glycol dipropionate, dibutyl phthyl dibyl diacetate, dioctyl dibyl dibate triphenyl phosphate, dioctyl phosphate, trichloropropyl phosphate, trichloroethyl phosphate, trioxyphenyl phosphate.

 The choice of specific types of fuel-binder and plasticizer is determined depending on the specified properties of AOS in accordance with the features of its application.

 For example, the use of nitrocellulose in AOS, plasticized with nitric acid esters and glycols (diethylene glycol dinitrate, triethylene glycol dinitrate or a mixture thereof), increases its combustion temperature, contributes to the complete decomposition of potassium nitrate and the formation of a highly dispersed aerosol with increased inhibitory ability.

 The introduction of energetically inert plasticizers into AOS, such as triacetin, triethylene glycol dipropionate, dibutyl sebacinate, dioctyl phthalate, etc. provides an increased service life of AOS (elements from AOS) under vibration and elevated temperatures, which is especially important when operating fire extinguishing devices based on such AOS in vehicles .

 AOS based on energetically active (nitrite) plasticizers is expediently used in aerosol generators operated under stationary conditions.

 Phosphate plasticizers, in particular such as trichloropropyl phosphate, trichloroethyl phosphate, allow the creation of AOS with a reduced zone of flame reactions. This means that when using such AOS in an aerosol generator containing an aerosol cooler, the number of heat-absorbing elements to eliminate the flame and reduce the temperature of the aerosol at the outlet of the generator can be significantly reduced.

 With a high content of dispersed additives in AOS (over 60 wt. In total), to ensure the necessary mechanical and rheological characteristics of AOS, it is advisable to introduce an additional binder from the group of polymers, such as, for example, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, polystyrene, polystyrene latexes (based on styrene, butadiene and styrene, butadiene, styrene and methacrylic acid) or a mixture thereof in an amount of from 1 to 10 wt. Preferred is the content in AOS of an additional binder up to 5 wt.

 The proposed AOS are intended for use in aerosol fire extinguishing generators in the form of pressed monolithic products (elements).

 AOS production is carried out according to the well-known technology for the production of dibasic fuels by mixing all components in certain proportions in an aqueous medium, or by a "dry" method, followed by the formation of the resulting mixture into elements of the required size and configuration.

According to the first method, the mixing of all components except potassium nitrate was carried out in an aqueous medium at a module of 1: 5, a temperature of 0-25 ^o C. for 18-24 hours. Then, on the squeezing apparatus, the resulting mixture was squeezed from water to a moisture content of 10-16 wt. . and further in the apparatus without mechanical stirrers, they were mixed with potassium nitrate for 20-30 minutes. The finished mixture went through a rolling stage and was formed on a hydraulic or screw press at a temperature of 60-85 ^o C in products of a given size.

According to the second method, the mixing of all components, including potassium nitrate, was carried out in a Becken type apparatus at a temperature of 20-35 ^o C for about 60 minutes The resulting mixture was rolled and molded into products as described above.

 The mixing of components in an aqueous medium was used, as a rule, for energetically active (nitrate) plasticizers. In the case of water-soluble plasticizers (for example, triacetin), the manufacture of AOS was carried out according to the second method.

 Specific examples of the compositions of the proposed AOC are given in table. 1 4, the main properties of AOS are presented in table. 5.

The main characteristic of AOS is its fire extinguishing efficiency (OTE), which is the minimum mass of AOS that provides fire extinguishing in 1 m ³ volume.

 The OTE of the compositions of the proposed AOC is widely tested in laboratory and bench conditions for extinguishing flammable liquids (acetone, gasoline, ethyl and isopropyl alcohols, a mixture of diesel fuel with gasoline or acetone) and confirmed by tests of aerosol generators based on them.

 The laboratory methodology for assessing OTE was as follows. In a fume hood under a 10-liter glass hood, a burning spirit lamp or crucible with LVH and a certain mass of AOS sample connected to a nichrome spiral was placed. By applying an electric current of about 12 V to a nichrome spiral, an AOS sample was set on fire and the process of extinguishing the flame of an alcohol lamp (or LVH) was observed through the transparent glass of the hood. The extinguishing of the flame for no more than 5 s after the combustion of the AOS sample was taken as a positive result. The minimum fire extinguishing concentration that extinguishes a fire in 5 s was determined by interpolation at the two nearest points. For comparison, a control experiment was conducted on the burning of an alcohol lamp (or flammable liquor in a crucible) under a closed cap. The natural attenuation time of the flame of the spirit lamp due to the consumption of oxygen in the air enclosed under the hood was 75 s.

 The bench methodology for testing the fire extinguishing efficiency of AOS is based on the American standard UL 1058.

In the chamber with a volume of 1 m ³ (2.08 x 0.8 x 0.6), having in the middle part along the entire height of the chamber a metal barrier 0.25 m wide, 5 sources of flammable liquids were placed (containers with a diameter of 75 mm and a height of 125 mm s 500 ml of gasoline each), which were located at the four corners of the chamber and one source was placed behind the barrier. Above each source of flammable liquids in the chamber lid there were small windows made of organic glass for visual observation of fire extinguishing.

 The AOS test sample (taking into account the safety factor for chamber leakage) was placed at the bottom of the chamber in its middle part relative to the side wall and the barrier. In the case of an aerosol generator test, it was strengthened in the center of the front side wall of the chamber. The ignition of the AOS sample or the operation of the generator was initiated from an electric current source located outside the test chamber.

 They set fire to gasoline or other flammable liquids in containers, closed the lid of the test chamber; in this case, the chamber leakage was about 0.2%. After stable combustion of the flammable liquids for 30 s, an AOS sample was ignited or the generator was turned on. By decoding the record on the oscillograms or visually through the windows in the chamber lid, the quenching or burning of the flammable liquids was recorded. After 1 min after the end of AOS combustion or generator operation, the chamber lid was opened, and after dispersion of the aerosol, the chamber was inspected.

 Extinguishing all sources of fire for no more than 1 min after the end of the burning of the AOS image (generator operation) was taken as a positive result.

Example 1
AOS compounding arr. 4 (tab. 1).

The test was carried out in a volume of 1 m ³ according to the bench method described above.

 Gas was used as a combustible material.

To determine the extinguishing concentration of the aerosol in the test chamber, the mass of the AOS sample was changed. With an AOS sample weight of 32 g, all sources of fire were extinguished. They reduced the mass of the AOS sample to 28 g and repeated the experiment: two sources of fire were not extinguished. With an AOS sample weight of 30 g, all fire sources were extinguished. For the extinguishing concentration of AOS, a mass of 30 g / m ³ was taken.

The experiment was repeated using acetone as a combustible material. The extinguishing concentration of AOS was also 30 g / m ³ .

Example 2
AOS compounding arr. 8 (table. 1).

The test conditions are the same as in example 1. Gasoline was used as a combustible material. The extinguishing concentration of AOS was 28 g / m ³ .

 The experiment was repeated, using gasoline, acetone (two foci), ethyl and isopropyl alcohol in different containers at the same time as combustible material.

The extinguishing concentration of AOS was also 28 g / m ³ .

Example 3
AOS compounding arr. 9 (table. 1).

 The test conditions are the same as in example 1. Gasoline was used as a combustible material.

The extinguishing concentration of AOS was 28 g / m ³ .

Example 4
AOS compounding arr. 11 (table. 1).

 The test conditions are the same as in example 1.

 Gas was used as a combustible material.

The extinguishing concentration of AOS was 28 g / m ³ .

Example 5
AOS compounding arr. 27 (tab. 2).

 The test conditions are the same as in example 1.

 Gas was used as a combustible material.

 The experiment was repeated using acetone as a combustible material.

The extinguishing concentration of AOS was 32 g / m ³ .

Example 6
AOS compounding arr. 35 (table. 3).

 The test conditions are the same as in example 1.

 Isopropyl alcohol and gasoline were used as combustible material.

Fire extinguishing concentration was 27 g / m ³ .

Example 7
AOS compounding arr. 44 (tab. 4).

 The test conditions are the same as in example 1.

 Gas was used as a combustible material.

Fire extinguishing concentration was 32 g / m ³ .

Example 8
AOS compounding arr. 4 (tab. 1).

 The test conditions are the same as in example 1.

 An electric cable was used as combustible material.

Fire extinguishing concentration was 35 g / m ³ .

 The environmental cleanliness of AOS combustion products is confirmed by experiments, the results of which are presented in table. 6.

AOS samples weighing 8 g each were burnt in a closed chamber with a volume of 200 l with the formation of an aerosol concentration of 40 g / m ³ . The concentration of carbon and nitrogen oxides in the AOS combustion products was measured using a UG-2 gas analyzer using the express linear-color method. From the table. 6 it follows that the introduction of iron oxide into the prototype significantly reduces the content of harmful substances in the AOS combustion products: in the case of AOS on a nitrate plasticizer, the content of carbon monoxide decreases by 2.5 times, and in the case of AOS on an inert plasticizer (triacetin), the content of nitrogen oxides decreases almost 4 times while reducing carbon monoxide.

 According to the degree of toxicological hazard in accordance with GOST 12.1.07-76 AOS combustion products are classified as class 4 low-hazard substances.

The high fire extinguishing ability of the proposed AOS was confirmed by tests of aerosol generators based on them when extinguishing various flammable liquids, organic glass, electric cable (fires of classes A ₂ , B) in volumes 1; 2.1; 17.8; 88 m ³ , full-scale tests in the engine compartments of VAZ-2121, GAZ-24-10, KamAZ, PAZ, LAZ-695 cars, etc.

 A pressed AOS sample of the required mass was placed and an aerosol generator equipped with heat-absorbing elements (cooler) to cool the AOS combustion products and ensure flameless operation of the generator.

 The generator was installed in a protected volume. The igniter, which was an electric igniter or other source of energy, ignited the AOS sample in the generator. Combustion of AOS was accompanied by the formation of a large amount of extinguishing aerosol flowing out of the generator at high speed. An aerosol filled the protected volume and, reaching the flame, extinguished the fire.

 The mass of AOS and the number of installed generators were calculated depending on the volume of the protected object, the degree of its leakage, the type of combustible material, taking into account the fire extinguishing efficiency of the AOS, the design of the generator and the safety factor of 1.2-2.0.

Example 9
Extinguishing model fires in a volume of 1 m ³ (according to the bench method) with a generator equipped with AOS sample No. 9 (Table 1).

Calculation of the mass of AOS (m) needed to extinguish the flammable liquids:
m C • V • K ₁ • K ₂ • K ₃ ,
where C is the fire extinguishing efficiency of AOS for a given type of combustible material, g / m ³ ;
V volume of the protected object, m ³ ;
K ₁ coefficient taking into account the leakage of the protected object (in this case, K ₁ 1, because it is taken into account when determining the OTE);
K ₂ coefficient taking into account the design of the generator;
K ₃ safety factor.

 m 28 • 1 • 1 • 1.5 • 1.2 50.4 g.

 AOS in the form of a pressed product of a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 66 mm and a mass of 50 g was placed in an aerosol generator. The generator was placed in a test chamber. Gas was used as a combustible material.

 A voltage was applied from an electric current source to an electric valve and the generator started to work. The generator operating time (aerosol expiration) was 4 s, and almost all the sources of fire were extinguished during the same time.

Example 10
Extinguishing model fires in a volume of 2.1 m ^{3 with a} generator equipped with AOS sample N 35 (Table 3).

Calculation of the mass of AOS:
m C • V • K ₁ • K ₂ • K ₃
m 27 x 2.1 x 1 x 1.5 x 1.2 102 g
AOS in the form of a pressed product of a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 66 mm and a mass of 102 g was placed in an aerosol generator. The generator was installed in a test chamber with a volume of 2.1 m ³ (1.85 x 1.0 x 1.13 m), equipped with control fires of Class A ₂ and B fires, control and measuring and recording equipment, and a remote control unit for starting the generator.

 Organic glass (200 x 100 x 5 mm) and a mixture of diesel fuel with acetone (0.2 l each) in containers with a diameter of 100 mm and a height of 80 mm, two model fires of each type, which were located on the chamber floor, were used as combustible material and at a height of 0.7 m from the floor. The generator was mounted at the top in the central part of the experimental chamber at an angle of 30-45 degrees (relative to the vertical) in such a way as to exclude a direct hit of the aerosol jet on the model foci of fire. Model foci were fired with a torch in the sequence: first organic glass, then a mixture of diesel fuel with acetone. The chamber door was closed, and after 60 seconds, the generator was turned on. The generator run time was 4.7 s. Extinguishing all fires occurred during the operation of the generator.

Example 11
Extinguishing model fires in a volume of 17.6 m ^{3 with a} generator equipped with AOS sample N 5 (Table 1)
AOS mass calculation
m C • V • K ₁ • K ₂ • K ₃ ,
m 30 x 17.6 x 1 x 1.5 x 1.2 950 g
AOS in the form of a pressed product of a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 84 mm and a mass of 0.95 kg was placed in an aerosol generator. The generator was installed in a test chamber with a volume of 17.6 m ³ (3.06 x 2.40 x 2.40), equipped with fire control centers, instrumentation and recording equipment, and a remote control unit for starting the generator.

 Organic fuel (200 x 200 x 10 mm) and a mixture of diesel fuel with acetone (0.2 l each) in containers with a diameter of 100 mm and a height of 80 mm, three model fires of each type, which were located on the floor of the chamber, were used as combustible material and at a height of 0.7-1.6 m from the floor. The mutual arrangement of the generator and the control fire sources excluded the direct effect of the aerosol jet on the flame of the fires. Model foci were fired with a torch in the sequence: first, organic glass, then LVZH. The chamber door was closed, and after 60 seconds, the generator was turned on. The generator operating time was 5 s. Extinguishing all fires occurred during the operation of the generator.

Example 12
AOS compounding arr. 4 (tab. 1)
AOS in the form of a pressed product of a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 66 mm and a mass of 100 kg was placed in an aerosol generator. Two generators were installed in the engine compartment of the GAZ-24-10 Volga. As a model fire center, gasoline was used in two baking sheets located near the engine. The total amount of gasoline was 1 liter. After igniting and burning gasoline for 30 s, the hood was closed and an electrical impulse was applied to the generators from which they were triggered, and the engine compartment was filled with aerosol. Fifteen seconds after turning on the generators, the hood was opened and complete fire extinguishing was recorded. At the same time, unburned gasoline was fixed in both baking sheets.

 The experiment was repeated, but instead of two generators, one generator was installed in the engine compartment. The result is the same complete fire extinguishing.

 Although the fire in the engine compartment of the car was eliminated during the operation of one generator, in real conditions it is recommended to install two generators in order to increase the extinguishing reliability, as when the engine is running and while the car is moving, the engine compartment is ventilated and the extinguishing aerosol is blown out.

 The level of the main characteristics of AOS indicates the possibility of their manufacture and use for fire extinguishing means. AOS have high fire extinguishing efficiency. According to toxicity, AOS combustion products belong to class 4 of low-hazard substances in accordance with GOST 12.1.007-76. Thus, the aerosol forming fire extinguishing composition according to this invention completely solves the tasks.

Claims (11)

 1. Aerosol-forming fire extinguishing composition, including potassium nitrate, carbon, centralite and / or diphenylamine, technological additives industrial or instrument oil, salts of stearic acid or a mixture of salts with sulforicinate and gelatin and a combustible binder based on a plasticized cellulose derivative or a mixture thereof with an additional binder, characterized in that it further comprises a catalyst and / or combustion inhibitor in the following ratio of components, wt. Potassium nitrate 45 75
Carbon 4 11
Centralitis and / or diphenylamine 0.5 2.0
Industrial or instrument oil 0.5 2.5
Zinc stearate and / or sodium stearate, or a mixture of salts with sulforicinate and gelatin 0.02 0.5
Catalyst and / or combustion inhibitor 0.5 20.0
Plasticized cellulose derivative or a mixture thereof with an additional binder
2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, as a combustion catalyst, it contains compounds selected from the series including oxides of metals of variable valency or metals of group II, their organic or inorganic compounds, or mixtures thereof.  3. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that as a combustion inhibitor it contains compounds selected from the range including inorganic or organic phosphorus compounds, inorganic or organic nitrogen compounds, hydroxides, carbonates, basic carbonates, metal borates or aluminum trioxide, or mixtures thereof. 4. The composition according to p. 2, characterized in that as the oxides of metals of variable valency and metals of group II, it contains oxides of iron, copper, nickel, cobalt, manganese, chromium or zinc, or a mixture thereof, for example hopcalite
a mixture of copper and manganese oxides. 5. The composition according to claim 2, characterized in that as organic compounds of metals of variable valency or metals of group II, it contains salicylates, phthalates, acetylacetonates or oxalates of copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese, zinc or calcium, and as inorganic compounds
carbonates of copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese or zinc, or mixtures thereof.  6. The composition according to claim 3, characterized in that it contains potassium, calcium, magnesium or barium phosphates as inorganic phosphorus compounds, and triallyl phosphate, diallyl phenyl phosphate or triphenyl phosphate or organic mixtures thereof as organic phosphorus compounds.  7. The composition according to claim 3, characterized in that, as organic nitrogen-containing compounds, it contains urea or triazine and its derivatives, or mixtures thereof.  8. The composition according to claim 3, characterized in that as inorganic nitrogen-containing compounds it contains ammonium salts, for example ammonium phosphate or polyphosphate, ammonium oxalate, iron-ammonium phosphate, or iron-ammonium oxalate, or mixtures thereof.  9. The composition according to claim 3, characterized in that it contains aluminum, magnesium, calcium or iron hydroxides as metal hydroxides, carbonates or basic carbonates of magnesium or calcium as carbonates or basic metal carbonates, and metal borates I as metal borates or group II, in particular sodium or zinc borates, or mixtures thereof.  10. The composition according to any one of paragraphs.1 to 9, characterized in that as a cellulose derivative it contains a compound selected from the groups comprising cellulose ethers or esters, or their salts, for example nitrocellulose, methyl, ethyl, cellulose acetates, acetobutyrate, acetopropionate, cellulose tripropionate, or carboxymethyl cellulose, or mixtures thereof.  11. The composition according to any one of paragraphs. January 10, characterized in that as plasticizer a cellulose derivative it contains esters of inorganic or carboxylic acids and alcohols, e.g. dietilenglikoldinitrat, trietilenglikoldinitrat, triacetin, trietilenglikoldipropionat, dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl sebacate, dioctyl sebacate, dibutyl phosphate, diethyl phosphate, dioctyl phosphate, tris, trichloroethyl or trioxyphenyl phosphate, or mixtures thereof.  12. The composition according to any one of paragraphs.1 to 11, characterized in that as an additional binder it contains polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, polystyrene or polystyrene lactex based on styrene and methacrylic acid, or a mixture thereof in an amount of 1 to 10 wt.

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