RU2769925C1 - Installation of aerosol-gas-emulsion surface-volume fire extinguishing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire extinguishing.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of aerosol-gas-emulsion fire extinguishing, namely to a fire extinguishing installation with a combination of the principles of surface-volume - double fire extinguishing. The installation of aerosol-gas-emulsion surface-volume fire extinguishing contains a container, a siphon tube, an assembly cartridge, an initiating cartridge for ignition, an igniter, fire-extinguishing aerosol cartridges. The siphon tube is located on the side of the container neck and is made corrugated, with a weighting agent installed at its lower end. A fitting with a threaded connection for connection to the distribution pipeline is installed on the outside of the siphon tube; a safety membrane is installed in the siphon tube in front of the fitting. The cartridge is located in the neck of the tank and consists of separate sections connected by a threaded connection, in the lower part of the cartridge there is a plug with holes for the exit of fire extinguishing aerosol, which are closed with a bursting safety disc, in front of the plug there is a spring for the fire extinguishing aerosol feeder with the installed feeder, designed to fix the specified checkers in the cartridge channel. The igniter wire is located at the top of the cartridge, and the igniter is located at the initiation block. The installation contains spray nozzles, the container is filled with a combat solution, which is an emulsion composition.

EFFECT: increasing the reliability of the fire extinguishing installation due to the possibility of working with an abnormal slope, increasing the efficiency of fire extinguishing due to surface spraying of low expansion foam over the area and volumetric extinguishing with a fire extinguishing aerosol, fire extinguishing does not require the use of high-performance pumping equipment.

7 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of aerosol-gas-emulsion fire extinguishing, namely to a fire extinguishing installation with a combination of the principles of surface-volume - double fire extinguishing.

The proposed installation of aerosol-gas-emulsion surface-volume fire extinguishing can be used to extinguish large-scale fires of class A, B, C, E. They protect oil production enterprises, oil and oil products warehouses from fires.

The unit is not designed to extinguish substances that can burn without access to air, as well as alkali and alkaline earth metals, magnesium and their alloys.

A device for extinguishing local fires is known from the prior art (Patent RU 2050874, publ. 27.12.1995). The device has a discharge head made in the form of two independent chambers equal in volume, one of which ensures the exit of gases into the area of the cone-shaped body with fire extinguishing powder, directly adjacent to the discharge head, and the other into the deflector supplying gases into the fire extinguishing powder. As a result of the simultaneous action of two gas streams over the entire depth of the fire extinguishing powder mass, the fire extinguishing powder is mixed in the moving aerosol jet stream. This is achieved by means of a deflector made in the form of a glass having tangential holes on the side surface.

Due to the simultaneous action of two gas flows practically over the entire depth of the fire extinguishing powder mass, an instantaneous (for a time of no more than 0.5 s) mode of the initial stage of powder movement at a speed of at least 20 m s-1 is achieved. However, with such a regime of powder movement, its speed can reach critical values. Therefore, the use of this method for mixing fire-extinguishing powder in a moving jet stream of aerosol can lead in the claimed technical solution to the fact that a finer fraction in the form of a nanopowder will be blown out of the combined composition. Thus, the fire extinguishing efficiency is insufficient.

A known method of volumetric fire extinguishing and a device for its implementation (Patent RU 2090227, publ. 20.09.1997). The essence of the invention lies in the formation of an aerosol mixture during the combustion of a solid fuel composition and its supply to the combustion center with simultaneous cooling by passing through a layer of a liquid or powder coolant. A fire-extinguishing powder is used as a powder coolant, and a multilayer liquid containing water or an aqueous solution of mineral salt and an organic liquid is used as a liquid coolant, and the mixture is passed first through water or an aqueous solution of mineral salt, and then through the organic liquid. SUBSTANCE: device for volumetric fire extinguishing contains a tank with a liquid or powder coolant and a chamber in the form of an inverted glass with charges of a solid propellant composition. The glass is immersed in a cooler, the layer of which, cooling the mixture, forms a water seal, which provides pressure relief in the chamber during the combustion of charges.

The disadvantage of dry fire extinguishing materials is their low cooling capacity. Therefore, during powder extinguishing, repeated flashes from objects heated in a fire are possible. As a result, the real cooling effect of the powder cloud is no more than 10...20% of the source heat.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed fire extinguishing device is a device for producing self-igniting gas-filled foam (Patent RU 2622815 C1, published on 06/20/2017), which includes a sealed container, a gas generating device with a solid fuel charge, a system of pipelines and supply pipes, while a gas generating device equipped with a charge of an aerosol-forming composition, installed in the upper part of the tank and equipped with a gas-water pipe with an external heat-shielding coating; aerosol, and the generator of the gas generating device is made in the form of a set of aerosol generators, consisting of two or more generators having separate combustion chambers with gas pipes and included in one belt, sequentially or in groups in accordance with the required intensity of the foam solution supply to the combustion center.

The disadvantages of the above solutions are the insufficient efficiency of extinguishing a fire by spraying only foam over the fire area, the impossibility of using the claimed device with an abnormal tilt of the container.

The invention solves the problem of creating an aerosol-gas-emulsion surface-volume fire extinguishing installation that allows you to quickly cover the fire area, made with the ability to work with an abnormal slope, in seismic areas, areas with floating soils and in transport

The technical result achieved by the claimed invention is to increase the reliability of the fire extinguishing installation, due to the possibility of working with an abnormal slope, increase the efficiency of fire extinguishing due to surface spraying of low expansion foam over the area and volumetric extinguishing with a fire extinguishing aerosol, fire extinguishing does not require the use of high-performance pumping equipment.

The claimed technical result is achieved due to the fact that the installation of aerosol-gas-emulsion surface-volume fire extinguishing contains a container, a siphon tube, an assembly cartridge, an initiation checker for ignition, an igniter, fire extinguishing aerosol checkers, while the siphon tube is located on the side of the neck of the container and corrugated, with a weighting agent installed at its lower end, a fitting with a threaded connection for connection to the distribution pipeline is installed on the outside of the siphon tube, a safety membrane is installed in the siphon tube in front of the fitting, the cartridge is located in the neck of the tank and consists of separate sections connected by a threaded connection , in the lower part of the cartridge there is a plug with holes for the exit of the fire extinguishing aerosol, which are closed with a bursting safety disc, in front of the plug there is a spring for the fire extinguishing aerosol feeder with the installed feeder, designed for fixing these checkers in the cartridge channel, in the upper part of the cartridge there is an igniter wire, and the igniter is located at the initiation checker, the installation contains spray nozzles, the container is filled with a combat solution, which is an emulsion composition.

In a particular implementation, the container of the aerosol-gas-emulsion surface-volume fire extinguishing installation is made of metal or composite materials, or stainless steel and is coated on the inside with a polymer composition that prevents corrosion.

The cartridge is T-shaped and made of stainless steel.

The combat solution is able not to freeze at temperatures down to -40 ° C and maintain foaming ability. The nozzles of the sprayers are made deluge.

The protective membrane of the siphon tube is made with the possibility of being destroyed after the liquid is saturated with combustion products.

The rupture safety membrane of the cartridge is made with the possibility of being destroyed at the beginning of combustion and the formation of a fire extinguishing aerosol.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

Fig. 1 - General view of the installation of aerosol-gas-emulsion surface-volume fire extinguishing

Fig. 2 - View of the installation of aerosol-gas-emulsion surface-volume fire extinguishing in the section.

1 - Capacity,

2 - Threaded connection for connection to the distribution pipeline,

3 - Corrugated siphon tube,

4 - Siphon tube weight,

5 - Cartridge assembly,

6 - Safety membrane of the siphon tube,

7 - Cartridge plug with holes for the exit of fire extinguishing aerosol,

8 - Bursting protective membrane of the cartridge;

9 - Spring feeder checkers fire extinguishing aerosol;

10 - Feeder checkers,

11 - Initiation checker for ignition,

12 - Igniter,

13 - Checkers of fire extinguishing aerosol,

14 - Threaded connections,

15 - Igniter wire.

The installation of aerosol-gas-emulsion surface-volume fire extinguishing consists of a tank (1), which is a cylinder module for small objects of protection or a tank for industrial objects with a large amount of protection. The container can be made of composite materials and stainless steel or metal. Capacity cylinders from 4 to 200 liters, tanks from 600 to 4000 liters. Depending on the area of the object to be protected, separate module cylinders can be combined into batteries. For ease of placement, delivery in ready-made block-modular containers is possible. Inside the container is covered with a polymer composition that prevents corrosion. The composition is applied in a uniform layer, at least 1 mm thick, on the entire inner surface of the container. Thereby providing isolation of the inner surface from the combat solution filling the container (1). In the central upper part, the container contains a neck.

The combat solution filling the container is an emulsion composition (wetting agent) that can not freeze up to -40 ° C and maintain foaming ability.

The fire-extinguishing emulsion composition is an aqueous solution of surfactants with functional and stabilizing additives.

The fire extinguishing agent can be produced in the following modifications:

1. Composition-01 is a fluorine-containing substance with storage and application temperatures from 0 °C to plus 50 °C;

2. Composition-02 is a fluorine-containing substance with storage and application temperatures from minus 40 °С to plus 50 °С;

3. Composition-03 is a hydrocarbon substance with storage and application temperatures from minus 3 °С to plus 50 °С.

Fire-extinguishing agent Composition-01 is a fluorine-containing substance, with storage and use temperatures from 0 °С to plus 50 °С;

Fire-extinguishing agent Composition-02 is a fluorine-containing substance with temperatures of storage and use from minus 40 °С to plus 50 °С;

Fire-extinguishing agent Composition-03 is a hydrocarbon substance, with storage and application temperatures from minus 3 °С to plus 50 °С.

The siphon tube (3) is located on the side of the container neck (1). It has a diameter of up to 50 mm and is made of a corrugated tube - hose. The hose is made of corrosion-resistant material and is attached to the tank body (1). A fitting with a threaded connection (2) is installed on the outside of the siphon tube for connection to the distribution pipeline. The distribution pipeline is made of ferrous metal. The length of the distribution pipeline is not more than 120 meters. With the presence of descents and ascents vertically no more than 20 meters. A safety membrane (6) is installed in the siphon tube in front of the fitting, which ensures the sealing of the container. The corrugated siphon tube (3) has a weighting agent (4) at the end, weighing up to 2 kg. The corrugated siphon tube (3) does not reach the bottom of the container (1) by a distance of at least 1.5 cm. Placing a weight on the end of the corrugated siphon tube (3) makes the siphon tube flexible. This solution ensures full supply of the combat solution even when the vessel is tilted. When tilted, the corrugated tube is shifted towards the slope, ensuring its guaranteed placement at the bottom point of the tank for the full supply of the combat solution.

The cartridge (5) is located in the neck of the container (1) and has a T-shape. Made from stainless steel. It consists of separate sections connected by a thread (14) together - this allows for the modularity of structures and the assembly of the cartridge with a different number of aerosol-generating blocks. Unused sections are removed. The cartridge has a thread for screwing into the vessel through the neck. To ensure explosion-proof characteristics, threaded connections have at least 10 turns, the thickness of the walls of the cartridge is at least 20 mm. The required number of checkers of fire extinguishing aerosol (13) is placed inside the cartridge. To ensure the fixation of the fire-extinguishing aerosol cartridges (13) in the cartridge channel (5) and ensure their stable position, a fire-extinguishing aerosol cartridge feeder (9) spring is used with an installed fire-extinguishing aerosol cartridge feeder (10) (13). The spring is located at the bottom of the cartridge. The igniter wire (15) is located in the upper part of the cartridge, and the igniter (12) is located at the initiation block (11). For the free exit of combustion products (aerosol), a plug (7) is installed in the lower part of the cartridge with perforated holes for the exit of fire extinguishing aerosol, which are closed with a bursting safety membrane (8).

Spray nozzles are the final element of the system. They are used for spraying low-expansion foam over the area and for the release of combustion products (fire-extinguishing aerosol).

Installation of aerosol-gas-emulsion surface-volume fire extinguishing works as follows.

An electrical impulse of 0.5A is required to activate the installation. Next, the fire-extinguishing aerosol sticks (13) are ignited. The checkers (13) begin to burn and emit combustion products, creating pressure, which leads to the destruction of the protective cartridge in special weak points - perforated holes in the plug (7) for the exit of the fire extinguishing aerosol. Combustion products begin to get inside the container (1) and create pressure inside. Under the action of this pressure, the emulsion composition and the aerosol-gas begin to leave the container through the siphon tube (3). The siphon tube is made in the form of a corrugated flexible tube with a weighting agent (4). This solution makes it possible to ensure the supply of the emulsion solution with an abnormal tilt of the tank, thereby increasing its reliability. Also, this solution allows the installation to be used in seismic areas, areas with floating soils and in transport. Having passed through the siphon tube (3), the emulsion composition destroys the safety membrane (6), which ensures the tightness of the installation under normal operating conditions. And it enters the distribution pipeline and reaches the spray nozzles. On the nozzles, the foamed emulsion is sprayed over the area and the aerosol-gas (combustion products of fire-extinguishing aerosol generators) is released by volume.

The installation is based on the principle of displacement of the fire extinguishing agent. The pressure in the tank is created when the solid propellant gas generator - checkers of fire extinguishing aerosol (13) is activated.

The installation supplies self-foaming gas-aerosol-filled foam (SGP) of low expansion (8-18) to the combustion chamber at a flow rate of up to 250 s/l and a speed of up to 35 m/s. The pipeline provides the supply of SGP to any part of the protected premises.

A design feature is the combination of all elements, which gives a new extinguishing principle - emulsion-gas-aerosol fire extinguishing, surface-volume double fire extinguishing:

Surface quenching by area (achieved by using an emulsion composition);

Volumetric extinguishing (achieved by using a generator of fire-extinguishing aerosol (aerosol-gas)).

Installation can work in two modes - automatic and manual. Automatic - from means of automatic flame detection. Manual - manual start by a person. As a result, an electrical impulse comes to the squib - the initiating checker for ignition (11). He ignites the gas-aerosol cartridge (13) in the cartridge (5), it starts to burn and emit a fire-extinguishing aerosol (depending on the volume of the container, the burning time is different). When burning, the fire-extinguishing aerosol cartridge (13) releases the fire-extinguishing aerosol and pressurizes the vessel (35 bar according to test results).

A feature of the claimed installation is that, in addition to the emulsion (fire extinguishing agent), combustion products of fire extinguishing aerosol checkers (13) enter the room volume, which is also a fire extinguishing agent. And it turns out a combination of these systems - an emulsion-gas-aerosol installation. The method described above (surface-volumetric) and the installation of (double) fire extinguishing implement the supply to the combustion center: emulsion composition and fire extinguishing aerosol (combustion products of the fire extinguishing aerosol generator). The efficiency of fire extinguishing is doubled due to surface spraying of low expansion foam over the area and volumetric extinguishing with a fire extinguishing aerosol. The effectiveness of this extinguishing method is determined by the following factors:

• The resulting emulsion (low expansion foam) is supplied at a high flow rate and speed (up to 35 m/s), which allows you to quickly cover the fire area. Achieved by burning fire extinguishing aerosol checkers (two types of checkers are used 1 - to initiate combustion, 2 - to release a fire extinguishing aerosol during combustion). The formation of low expansion foam occurs on deluge-type nozzles;

• The unit delivers products (aerosol-gas) of combustion of solid fuel gas generators, which include inert gases (CO2 and N2) and micron-sized solid particles of potassium ions, which are a combustion inhibitor, while one part of them settles on the surface of the composition bubbles, and the second comes out as a gaseous mixture. The stock of pellets in the system is calculated in such a way that gas formation during combustion is many times higher than it is necessary for the liquid to exit the tank. The liquid in the container is saturated with combustion products and exits under the pressure from the combustion of the pellets. After the release of the liquid, only the fire-extinguishing aerosol comes out of the container;

• Due to the absence of oxygen in the emulsion, the presence of inhibiting potassium ions (potassium is one of the products of the fire-extinguishing aerosol generator. It enters the emulsion during the combustion of the generator itself) plus an aerosol-gaseous mixture, a combined (double, surface-volume) method of extinguishing is realized with increased efficiency;

• When using solid propellant gas generators, first the process of saturation of the solution with gaseous combustion products with increasing pressure (up to 50 bar) is implemented. The saturation process occurs through the holes of the cartridge plug, after the destruction of the safety membrane. The combustion products of the fire extinguishing aerosol checkers enter the fire extinguishing composition and saturate it. Then the safety membrane of the siphon tube (6) is destroyed and the saturated liquid moves through the pipeline. Cartridge burst disc (8) and siphon tube burst disc (6) are designed for different pressures. Membrane 6 is destroyed at the beginning of combustion and the formation of a fire-extinguishing aerosol, membrane (8) after saturation of the liquid with combustion products;

• The fire extinguishing installation does not require the use of high-performance pumping equipment, the use of foam concentrate dispensers. Checkers for the production of fire extinguishing aerosol pressurize the system. There is enough pressure to completely exit the liquid and combustion products from the tank.

The operational advantage of the installation is:

• Lack of pressure and voltage in the tank and its elements in the standby mode;

• Possibility of application in seismic areas;

• Possibility of application on motor transport;

• Possibility of application in northern regions (from -40 degrees Celsius);

• Possibility of application in non-hermetic premises.

Ensuring the application of this solution in seismic areas and on vehicles for the purpose of aerosol-gas-emulsion (surface-volume) fire extinguishing is achieved by a combination of factors and is due to the following.

In addition to the pellet feeder (10) and the spring (9), a flexible corrugated siphon tube (3) and a weighting agent (4) are involved in the operation of the invention. When applying the invention on vehicles and in seismic areas, there is shaking and tilting of a vertically fixed installation. In this case, the spring and the checker feeder play the role of a shock absorber and damper. If the checkers were rigidly fixed, they would be subjected to dynamic load from the action of force and, as a result, destruction. This process is not observed when using a solution with a shock absorber (aka spring 9) and a damper (aka feeder 10).

The second problem solved in the invention is the release of the emulsion composition in full from the module. As mentioned above, in vehicles or on a stationary object during an earthquake, the installation may deviate from the vertical axis. And if a classic rigidly fixed siphon tube is used in the installation, then a condition will be created under which part of the liquid will remain in the niche of the displaced center of gravity of the cylinder and expose the siphon tube, thereby the gas from the burning drafts of the fire extinguishing aerosol will go directly into the pipeline, and part of the liquid will stay in this trap. That is, there will be no gas piston body that pushes the liquid out, since all the gas will come out into the opened hole of the siphon tube.

Figure 3-5 illustrates the invention in the process of application in vehicles or in seismic areas during an earthquake.

In FIG. 3 shows an installation with a rigid siphon tube at rest.

In FIG. 4 shows that the liquid remaining in the "trap" will not be able to leave the module and participate in the extinguishing process. Depending on the degree of inclination, the amount of remaining emulsion inside also depends.

In FIG. 5 shows an installation with a flexible siphon tube and a tilt weight.

Thus, the above problem is solved by a flexible corrugated tube (3) and a weighting agent (4). The flexible siphon tube provides a bend, and the weighting agent plays the role of an anchor that pulls it along when the center of mass shifts, thereby ensuring the release of 99% of the fire extinguishing agent even when the unit is displaced from the vertical axis.

As a result, the possibility of using the installation on vehicles and seismological regions is ensured by a combination of features: the presence of a corrugated tube (3), a weighting agent (4), a spring 9 and a feeder of drafts 10. Only when they are combined is successful application of the invention in seismic regions and on vehicles for aerosol - gas-emulsion (surface-volume) fire extinguishing.

Claims (7)

1. An aerosol-gas-emulsion surface-volume fire extinguishing installation, containing a container, a siphon tube, an assembly cartridge, an initiating cartridge for ignition, an igniter, fire-extinguishing aerosol cartridges, characterized in that the siphon tube is located on the side of the neck of the container and is made corrugated, with installed at its lower end with a weighting agent, a fitting with a threaded connection for connection to the distribution pipeline is installed on the outside of the siphon tube, a safety membrane is installed in the siphon tube in front of the fitting, the cartridge is located in the neck of the tank and consists of separate sections connected by a threaded connection in the lower part the cartridge has a plug with holes for the exit of the fire extinguishing aerosol, which are closed with a bursting safety disc, in front of the plug there is a spring for the feeder of the fire extinguishing aerosol checkers with the installed feeder, designed to fix the indicated checkers in the cartridge channel, the igniter wire is located in the upper part of the cartridge, and the igniter is located at the initiation checker, the installation contains spray nozzles, the container is filled with a combat solution, which is an emulsion composition. 2. Installation of aerosol-gas-emulsion surface-volume fire extinguishing according to claim 1, characterized in that the container is made of metal or composite materials, or stainless steel and is coated on the inside with a polymer composition that prevents corrosion. 3. Installation of aerosol-gas-emulsion surface-volume fire extinguishing according to claim 1, characterized in that the cartridge has a T-shape and is made of stainless steel. 4. Installation of aerosol-gas-emulsion surface-volume fire extinguishing according to claim 1, characterized in that the combat solution is able not to freeze at temperatures up to -40 ° C and maintain foaming ability. 5. Installation of aerosol-gas-emulsion surface-volume fire extinguishing according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzles of the sprayers are made of deluge. 6. The installation of aerosol-gas-emulsion surface-volume fire extinguishing according to claim 1, characterized in that the rupture safety membrane of the siphon tube is made with the possibility of being destroyed after saturation of the liquid with combustion products. 7. The installation of aerosol-gas-emulsion surface-volume fire extinguishing according to claim 1, characterized in that the bursting safety membrane of the cartridge is configured to collapse at the start of combustion and the formation of a fire extinguishing aerosol.

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