WO2012028155A1 - Force back fire fighting technology - Google Patents

Abstract

The force back technology is stands on thermodynamic theories to prove the steam power in fire fighting (1), it assume that fire like any matter in life have a center and certain equilibrium (2). The invention highlighting new applications like is blowing out the fire space by fire fighting bombs (3), and fighting wild fires with steam generated from the fire itself (10), also a double jacket techniques is used in the fuel tanks and engines (6) also fire and smokes could be expos to suction and injecting the fighting agents (5). We can also use a fire extinguisher mines to fight the fires in the landing and the takeoff lanes and in wild fire control (5, 7). A novel fire brigade is developed holding various types of applications (12,13), a new fixed fire fighting system for oil and gas fields contains mix between multi agents (steam, foam, mud, water, CO2) and the same for ships ( 4, 11, 14) -new mixtures are applied (14) and a new hope in defeating tornados and storms (10) and use sonic waves to fight fires (15).

Description

Force Back Fire Fighting Technology

The Technical Field

It is a process for fighting and control fires with different fighting concept, as the classic fighting theory stands that to kill fire you should isolate the flammable material or decrease the air content from the surrounding environment or cooling the fire itself, this invention is setting another fighting technique which is concentrated on attacking the fire itself and blowing out the fire space, moreover it encourage using the three classical techniques in the same times (cooling, suffocation, isolation), the invention is stating another phase which is the fire control applications which hold the same concept of the fighting theory, the application fields is targeting the wild fires, the fire brigade, the fuel dosing trunks, the oil and gas fields , the offshore fields, the ships, the landing and the takeoff roads of the avian ports, the fuel tanks, the mega fires in the cities, storms and tornados.

The Back ground art

Now a days the classic and the most developed fire fighting systems like the water misting technology and the foam generators and for the mega fires as wild fires the helicopters and the air craft are used to spray the fire with the fire fighting agent as powder or water, for all the classic and for today's applications it is having main common weak points which are:

All the previous tools required ultimate supply of the fire fighting agent to do the required effect also they requires huge power supplying as pumping power to operate as needed and this tools don't generate the required dynamic power that can dominant fires power, also those tools have proven that they are used mainly to cool the fire space rather than set out the fire as the mega fire and wild fires as well containing a huge amount of air supply and flammable material supply with the thermal dynamic of the fire which cause uncontrollable issue and cant be affected with sprays of powder or water mist.

-The main solutions theories provided by the invention are -

1. Fighting fires in place with the same opposite dynamic and magnitude power

2. Fires are dynamic and the steam is the most powerful opposite to the fires

3. explosion and mega fires were defeated by an anti-explosion (Newton's law: any action has reaction equal in magnitude and opposite in direction)

4. Fire is an stable homogenized media composed of from thermal layer and containing a center (which is contain the largest thermal energy as it may be the fire starting point and may be the major source of heat supply to the external layers) and then this layers could be thermally ruptured.

Page I The Disclosure of the invention

Force back theory

-The idea behind the theory is aiming to change the fire fighting concept which is to direct the fire not letting the fire directing the fighting efforts, using a fighting techniques and new applications that transfer the fighting in a deep layers inside the fire rather than spraying this materials on the fire surface also it is about to use new agents that having a similar properties compared to the fire properties rather than using water and classic materials only, the force back refer to fight the fires with a reversed force that can end mega fires in less time with less efforts.

1-The Steam Power Theory

A-The water power analysis;-

The water is compound between the H+02, we want to state some points regarding the water capabilities

1. The maximum operating pressure on water can difficulty reach above 3000 PSI (200 BAR) with small range,. as, in the advanced mist technology the maximum pressure ranges between the 150-200 Bar consuming a huge quantity of water (with respect that mist technology consume lesser than the rest of sprinkler tech and the manual module)

2. Regarding the water consumption as the, one nozzle can consume about 11 liter/minute which mean about 660 liter/ hour in case of mega fires

3. The power consumed to operate and lift this quantity of water and pressurized inside the pipes is estimated to be ranged per unit as electricity will be 3300 WATT , with RPM needed 2800, for one misting unit

B-The steam power analysis

The steam is considered a water derivative and so we can state that the steam power is aligned with temperature from which steam generated, the temperature is set to be a fire helper when raised up, but the steam as we will know will be a reversed energy against fire so we don't talk about water / fire (cold/hot) relation but we are going to talk about steam/fire (energy/energy) relation, as for the incoming purpose steam is more effective against fire and specially mega ;-

• Steam is not applicable to electric fires as water do

• Steam enthalpy proved that we can use steam in different types according! to temperature and the pressure • Steam have more kinetic energy than water

• Steam requires low quantities from water due to its volumetric expansion

• Steam requires less mechanical power to elevate rather than to push due to the enthalpy and the thermodynamic characteristic in steam

The fire flam shaped as coves and waves up and down, the down interval is that reaction with air oxygen start then goes up after reaction complete and so on, as we have to clarify many important issues within this reaction like ;-

1- The oxygen (02) atomic mass=15.9994 u, atomic volume= 14.0000 cm3/m0l

2- The Nitrogen (N2) atomic mass = 14.0067 u, atomic volume = 17.3000 cm3/mol

3- The carbon (C) atomic mass = 12.0110u, atomic volume= 4.5800 cm3/mol That's make the air molecule aggregate with the shape that oxygen atom will be at the bottom due to its higher mass and so that fire flam waves down while oxygen aggregate till the required quantities completed then reaction takes place and so the flam raise up again

1.1) THEORY 1: The steam is more potential in setting out fires more than water

3- Power calculations:- .. - :

In fires we have two influential powers which are the pressure and the time, in other word what are the factors that set out fires?

- It is the action of the extinguisher material with the fire and how much it is applying its force on the fire (pressure) that why all extinguisher materials are pressurized

The second factor is that how many mass or volume you need from the extinguisher materials to spread over the flaming object in the lowest time in order to suffocate the fire from reacting with the oxygen or even to cool the flaming object and reduce the

temperature of the fire (action speed)

So the comparison between the water and the steam in the both factors pressure and the speed

1- looking for the pressure of the water as the maximum pressure operating on the water is 10-25 bar while on the other side the steam pressure can reach 30 and 40 bar which almost above the water pressure with relatively 1.5 times.

2- The velocity of the water in piping system can maximum reach 3 meter/ second as in the steam system start from 25 m/s and increase with the steam pressure as it can reach 100 m/s in the superheated steam which is more than water velocity with 30 times. From the point number 1 and number 2 we can claim that steam is superior than water in the two factors affecting the fire fighting techniques and with simple calculation we can contribute the both velocity and pressure so:-

1- Steam pressure is 2 times water pressure

2- Steam velocity is 30 times water velocity

Average from 1 & 2 = 2+30/2= 16

Therefore the steam is more efficient than water is setting out fires with relatively 16 times.

C. The steam technique theory

"For any interaction between two matters relative in characteristics, the one which dominant the interaction is that the one which force it is properties among the other and have the upper capability and more faster and kinetic than the other "

2) THEORY 2:The Fire center theory

The fire bullet is designed specially to fight the wild fire

Any matter have center or more than one center so do the fire as the following diagram could explain (earth center thermal degradation/ thermal spectrum) from the center till the upper surfaces as in the following diagram (figure 2.1);-

From which we can conclude that the fire center is the place which contain the fire sustainability power because the fire start at which the fire triangle occurred and then the fire extent supplied with the fire center that moves continuously according to the presence of the dry flammable matter as the fire center or centers could be calculated from using the same theory of the thermal spectrum of the earth center , so we can do the following calculation is that the potential fire center is the location at which the largest quantity of the dry flammable matter found which equal to the highest concentrate of the flammable matter - the approximate moisture content,. So that we can forecast the fire center formation during the fires and it will be easier during the mega fires.

-The conclusion is that the fire center is fixed at the point of the first ignition and moves to the new point at where the most abundant dry flammable matter or fresh air (less moist) is present , as the fire starts with one center and then it could contain many centers (as in the wild fires)

3. Fire fighting weapons

- The idea is to use the pushing; energy and the explosion energy against the fire and! specially the sever fire, so you can replace the explosive head of missile or bomb with another fire; extinguisher head to be operated with high pressure that will disturb and disrupt the thermal balance of the fire

The theory is:-

Fighting material + speed + pressure Kinetic Fire fighting explosion

The technique depends on using the fighting material which in case if exposed to pressure and temperature will not turns to be flammable also it is focusing on using the material which can propagate by the explosion along the fire area in order to obtain:-

1 - Replace the oxygen and the dry air which surrounding the fire with moist steam or other high dense non flammable gas.

2- Disturbance to the thermal harmony of the fire as stated in case fires the fire contains layers arranged from the high temperature to the lower temperature as stated in the fire center theory

3- Make sudden decrease to the fire center temperature which makes the surface fighting activities easier

- There are various applications regarding the fire fighting weapons as the following:-

1- The fire fighting machine gun · .. .

2- The Ice bomb

3- The fire fighting missile (C02-steam)

3.1) The fire fighting machine gun

This application is an entire machine work with the same idea of the regular militaries machine gun but in this application it is used to push the fire extinguisher materials which enclosed in a bullet type with small quantities in many bullets which will achieve the objectives of the techniques stated above from reaching the fire center to make the thermal disturbance to the fire and this equipment will be equipped on fire fighting car-trucks, also it could be mounted on helicopter as steam gun in case the wild fires.

-This application is work with the following procedure:-

1- An empty bullet made up of metal can (as canned food and beverage material, or PET bullet) attached in serial as regular bullet

2- The empty cans go inside the gun hose which equipped with 2 steam injection sources and 1 vacuum source and supported with a mechanical push spin

3- The steam injection tube goes mechanically to charge the empty can with the superheated steam with pressure 2 bars inside the bullet through auto seal valve or six valves and measured with pressure gauges fixed on the injection tube 4- The gun directed to the fire area and then the bullet will be ready after charging with steam

5- The vacuum and the steam dorsal nozzle charge the bullet tail to be pushed when the trigger open as the vacuum operate with 30 bars and the steam operates with 10 bars

6- The trigger stimulate the spin to push mechanically while the vacuum and the steam push physically the bullet to its target (the suggested distance is 100 meter from the fire)

7- The bullet pressed out the tube towards the target fire and once collides with the burnt material it collides releasing the enclosing steam; either it collides when it reaches the fire

8- The distance could be controlled by the amount of steam injected and the time which the bullet charged at tail with vacuum and steam

9- The bullet could be charged with Carbon dioxide (C02) also with dry powder with the same criteria as the steam operation and also it can be pushed with only vacuum rather than using steam

10- The bullets charging require presence of large tank including efficient amounts to charges and operate pressure on the bullets either water to generate steam by heater or carbon dioxide or dry powder and also it is including vacuum compressors to generate compressed ai ....

3.2) the powder bullet:-

The powder bullet is a dry powder either CaCo3 or either dry mud powder which compacted and formalized in the shape of solid bullet or a sphere or capsule as it thrown to the fire by a catapult or by air pressure gun or steam pressure gun as when it reach the fire base it collides with any solid object and then it crashed forming a powder fog that displace the air and help in suffocate the fire flames.

3.3) The Ice bomb

- The Ice bomb is another concept in dealing with mega fires and specially the wild fires as the main concept of the techniques is loading a bomb containing a fire extinguishing material into a plan.

- Also only the extinguishing material used is that material which cannot under pressure or temperature to turns to flammable materials, also the extinguishing bombs can include more than one material in mixed chamber or in separate chamber and the objective is to prevent any possible reactivity of one or more extinguishing component with the unknown flammable materials.

-This technique we use a small explosion head with a very simple explosive materials like the sulphat powder or phosphorus but the most active bombs is to use sodium shelter in case of filling the bomb with compressed steam of compressed water in order to induce huge explosion to the extinguisher material which will lead to major disturbance to the fire.

3.3.1) CQ2 bomb-missile: -

The C02 could be compressed and filled inside bomb as the C02 is gas which could be solid (ice state) on temperature less than -78.5, and changed to gas state above this temperature,

The apparatus is to compress the C02 into a cylinder at temperature below -78 and to isolate the cylinder with polyurethane and then enclose the system with another cylinder, then when an air craft fly to fight a fire then it threw the ice bomb from small height then when the bomb reach two techniques could be used to release the iced C02 in form of high compressed gas due to the volume expansion of the gas, the first technique is mechanical explosion due to the collision of the bomb with the land, the second technique is using control or timer micro explosive to rupture the cylinder cover when reach the fire flames surface to release the iced C02 which will changed to the gas status immediately

-the application is applicable for missiles as the cylinder will be used as a missile head and to be exploded with timer or thermostat as well, but for the nature of the C02 the cylinder will be in the middle of the missile body to decrease the air friction with the missile head.

3.3.2) The dry mud bomb-missile:-

-It is an application where a compressed dry mud as kaolin mud or bentonite clay as (sodium or potassium, or calcium bentonite) as they have a fine size particles as a dry mud that could be 300 mesh or finer, the dry mud is compressed inside a cylinder by air pressure or by C02 with pressure ranges from 4 - 20 bar, and then a mechanical or electrical explosion method takes place for the cylinder on the fire flames or inside the fire base itself, the aim of this technique is that using the fine mud particles to cover the flames surfaces with wide area and to displace the fresh air from contacting the fire, also when this bomb explode inside the fire base it can cover with the fire material and prevent the flames from contacting it as the mud will be a cooling agent if it pressed by C02, this application is ideal for mega fires fighting efforts as well wild fires.

-The missile application is applicable for the dry mud as to be occupying the main missile body and to be released prior mechanical collision between the missile and the fire base.

3.3.3) Wet mud bomb:-

This is another sister application but the main difference here is that using the pressurized water cylinders (1150 - 200 bar) with the mud bomb so that a fast mixture (pre explosion) occur between the water and the mud and due to the rheological characteristic of the pre mentioned types of mud that in presence of water can causing a fire fighting, dough that can cool the fired: material also can be considered as fighting rains if used in large bomb size and can cover wide areas of fires ( could be used in wild fires), for the missile type the head contains compressed mud with level sensor explosion and the water cylinder but the mix will be inside the mud cylinder via a level sensor valve which will be programmed to open the compressed water on the mud sensor before the explosion as with the water pressure a quick mix will be formatted and then will be released in shape of tiny muddy drops covering wide area and causing major disturbance to the fire thermo spectrum, as the explosion could be mechanical by the direct hit of the missile inside the fire base.

3.3.4) The Steam bomb-missile:-

- The super heated steam is injected inside empty bomb (made up from aluminum and thermally isolated with polyurethane - foam, with considering that the injection unit is located inside the air craft connected to a mini boiler and the action will be that the injection will stop automatically at a level which directly below the rupture pressure of the container as the container is linked to a small container which will be injected and pressurized with the steam amount that in case of release to the main container will increase the pressure inside and will cause that the container body will be ruptured to release the super heated steam, adding that the entire system is linked to a heater which operate by a thermostat that read the temperature inside and open the heater as the heater power is generated with air dynamo generator which generate electricity for the heater by the air which resist the bomb - missile,

-The steam bomb and missile can be exploded electrically or by mechanical collision with the fire base.

3.3.4) The halons and the powder bombs-missile:-

This apparatus is using the bomb and missile to carry and to explode releasing a compressed powder or halons as energin gas or other halons which used in fire fighting purposes , as the process is very classic as the bomb will b filled by compressed powder by either (air / C02) as well the missile head and then explosion will takes place by mechanical collision or by electric spark collision on the flames heads, also halons gases could be compressed as well as C02 and used to be injected in the head of the missile.

3.3.5) The foam bombs-missiles:-

The foam missile and bombs is the same like mud bombs, the mix between the water and the foam will takes place before the explosion and then the missile and the bomb will explode releasing the foamy water; also foam could be mixed with water in one container without needing to make the mixture before the explosion of the container. 4. The Marine fire safety applications:-

The marine fire safety in the force back technology is that how to get benefits from the sea water, it is common issue in the marine transportation and offshore oil fields, but how to generate steam and use mixed fire technology on the ships and even in harbors,

4.1) The steam techniques for the freighting ships:-

The freighting ships contain a hydrant or even a regular sprinkler fire system requiring that the ship must store a large amount of sea water or either fresh water due to the accumulation of the salt inside the sprinkler nozzles, in case of steam fire fighting the ship can store smaller amount of sea water as the storage tank will be less than the regular tank 1/3 and this due to the volumetric expansion of the steam as we can also use a foam dosing machine so that the network component is:

1 - water tank and feeding pump

2- boiler with blower

3- Control valves

4- foam dosing unit

5- control unit

6- Circulation heater

7- Steam trap

8- Return valves and junctions

9- Acting sprinklers

10- Water bypass pump

4.2) The steam techniques for the offshore oil fields:-

-the offshore oil field is doing a very risky operation which is extracting the oil from the deep water wells the component in the offshore is the same as the ships as the water source is the sea water and the foam dosing unit but in addition to that the system is supported with sea bottom mud extracted through pipe about 6" inch in diameter and just tangent to the bottom and operated trough suction pump as the mud is homogenized firstly with a portion of hot sea water and foam could be dosed or not according to the fire severity as this mud is essential for the high dense fuel fires as it can float over the burning fuel and isolate the burning surface from contacting the air and replacing the air layer, as this system is containing the following i terns: -

1 - water tank and feeding purhp

2- boiler with blower

3- Control valves

4- foam dosing unit 5- coritrol unit

6- Circulation heater

7- Steam trap

8- Return valves and junctions

9- Acting sprinklers

10- Water bypass pum p

11 - mud suction pipe

12- mus absorption pump

13- Mixer-homognizer (sea water+ mud & foam)

14- Diesel pressure pump/ high pressure air compressor

-The application is depending on mixing the sea water out let from the boiler as the water will be used before reaching its boiling point at 80 C, where the water density will be about 0.3 kg/m3 that allow sea water to homogenized with tiny soft mud as the salt will be changed in shape to high dense foam that will help in isolating the burning materials with the mud.

-A percent of foam could be dosed before mixing the materials, in this system the fire sprinklers is consists of large sized opens that can. allow the high dense material to pass through as the pipes size is 4" and the sprinkler out let diameter is 0.25", the pipes in both systems could be operated through diesel pump or high pressure air compressor.

-the ratio of mixing the sea water with the mud is approximately equals to (sea water 6: 4 mud) also 7:3 (water mud), and in case of dosing the foam so the ration diverse as follow: - 6:2:2 (water mud: foam), also 5:3:2 (water: mud: foam) is perfect mix.

-In case if the sea mud is hard to be used due to stone content a dry clay mud material could be stored (like sodium bentonite, kaolin dry mud) and then mixed with sea water and it will obtain the same result as sea mud.

-The steam could be easily generated from the sea water and takes lesser time than fresh water as steam could be used in electric fires and fuel fires as well , the saturated steam is highly effective in small and medium fires (non fuel fires), superheated steam is highly effective in case of mega fuel fires.

5. The fire Anti Injection technique

This idea is simply to use suction tubes to absorb fire flames and insert small pipe inside the flam and then push a steam stream through the pipe inside the flame or push C02 inside,

-The design of the gun which perform this, is simply a big sized tube contains small sized pipe as the suction performed firstly via the big sized pipe then the fighting material injection takes place from> the small sized pipe. The main purpose is to transfer the fighting material to deep layers of the fire flames, The mean of transmissions;

This technique could be applied via helicopters in wild or mega fires arid also could be launched on a fire brigade truck,

-About the design it is requiring that the suction pipe to be larger than injection pipe with ratio 1 :10, or 1 :8 at least, but the pressure of the injection (fighting material flow rate) must be larger than the pressure (flow rate of the suction) with at least the double to accelerate the fighting action

The application contains both suction pump and injection pump regarding that the suction pump capability must be 4 times the injection pump and not exceed 6 times in the capability to avoid disturbance of both suction and injection, as the technique depend on the constant superiority of the injection act on small area.

The technique methodology is to absorb the fire flames from absorbing the surrounding air contact layer with the fire then inject the extinguishing material into the deep fire layers to isolate and cooling purpose that will dramatically rearrange the temperature harmony among the fire layers to decrease the thermal capacity.

6. Double Jacket Technology

The Double jacket technology is the technology that could prevent the occurrence of the fire as result of un well isolated fuel tanks and fuel lines and fuel dosing trunks so the technique is to maintain a thermal harmony in the tank body to always equalize the excess heat intensity inside the vessel before it translated to any ignition source and start fire as the isolation include anti static painting to the body as well,

6.1) The Double jacket fuel tanks:-

-The fuel tanks contains internal mini pipes filled with effective cooling agent and fire fighting agent as (carbon dioxide C02) as cooling agent & fire extinguishing agent to the tank body as to be pumped from a small C02 battery with temperature =-23 C and under pressure approaching 23 Bar

-Another module is using the water / foam/ halons in the double jacket tanks.

6.2) The Double jacket fuel lines:-

The fuel and gas lines is essential for O&G industry and due to it is irreplaceable application it must be secured from explosion and fire hazard, the solution is to use micro pipes filled with water + foam mixture and / or C02 or either cold mist (water -C02) to be surroundings the external layer of the pipe line, to balancing the temperature in case of extraordinary rise in the temperature, as the mixture can surround the pipe or to be supplied in external micro pipes parallel to the main pipe contains the running mixture to regulate temperature and in case of any breakage or leakage or fire hazard it can act fast against and leakage and any fire hazard that will reflect in reducing the cost and reduce the business interruption, also it can be used as temperature indicator , the application also could be developed by installing a mercury column within the micro pipes to sense the temperature as well to be broken due to thermal expansion which could happen as a result of a fire.

6.3) The Double jacket rig pipes:-

- The rig Is a hot equipment as it is continuously in contact with the hard stones and the metals which heating up the rig, a micro pipes could be adjusted on the rig pipes external walls containing a cold mist (water + C02) or water with foam or muddy foam to regulate the temperature and also to be used for fire fighting purposes.

6.4) The Piped jacket Fuel dosing trunks:-

In the fuel stations wither the vehicles or the planes or marine fuel stations the fuel trunks are widely used but what about fire hazard occurred during dosing the fuel which must be controlled immediately to avoid catastrophic fires, a micro pipes (0.1) inch containing C02 or water / cold mist , foam mixture, and ended by a mercury break glass which is under the trunk nozzle that in case of fire will sense the fire and broke releasing the pressurized fighting material from the micro pipes which surrounding the trunk and linked to a feeding source contains a tank and compressor in case of C02 related applications and linked with tank and pump in case of any wet material application.

7. The Avian fire safety application

The avian fire safety is divided into two main parts are:-

1-The fuel tank inside the plan and the fuel dosing trunks (double jacket technology chapter)

2 - The fire fighting techniques in case if the fire occurred on the take off or landing roads The fire safety in the landing and the take off roads:- The system component contains:-

1- Fire protection nozzles and fire protection mine

2- Side face to face smoke detectors lights (Smoke and fog illustrator )

3- Smoke ground suction

7.1) The fire protection nozzles and fire protection mines:- The Fire safety Protection nozzles compose of ground pipes about ½ inches - 2 inch diameter in the middle of the road and away from plane wheels path, inside this pipes a working dosing system which is Steam and C02 in parallel piping system supported with dry powder mines,

7.2) The dry powder mines:-

It is a design composed of compressed powder (compressed by C02 or by air) as it may be designated to be connected to air compressor or C02 source, or it can be designed to be compressed cylinder (compressed under containing a thermal break valve (mercury and set point is 55 C) as in case of fire occurrence sourced from a plan fuel tank the valve break leading the compressed cylinder to explode as one unit releasing all the powder content in few seconds.

The design of the mine is a big cylinder containing compressed powder (CaCo3) or any high dense extinguishing materials with 150 bar (the pressure must be set below the cylinder rupture pressure) the big cylinder is connected with another aluminum small sized cylinder and both connected horizontally and separated with a mutual opening with a separation non return valve located on the mouth of the powder cylinder and at the bottom of the C02 cylinder and in the static point of the valve is to close the powder cylinder and the C02 cylinder as well and it move through a connecting arm on the top of the Co2 cylinder move by a spin which extend after the mercury thermal sensor explode caused by fire so the arm moves up and open the separation non return valve which in dynamic motion opens downward toward the large sized cylinder allowing the compressed C02 goes down towards the large sized compressed cylinder which dramatically will increase the pressure inside the large sized cylinder, and due to that the C02 is heavier than air (Co2 specific gravity = 1.51 , and air = 1) so it goes down and displace air causing pressure turbulence which will increase the pressure inside the large sized cylinder causing mine explosion and immediate release of the fighting compressed materials.

7.3) The ground pipes:-

The ground pipes is designed as the follow, dual parallel pipe network connected to a Co2 compression station and water boiler station and the nozzle is operated by a break glass mercury valve releasing either Co2 in case of the electric fires and the failure of the plan takeoff , or either steam if the fire generates high dense smoke as the steam nozzles operated with control unit connected with the smoke and fog illustrator machine that sending pulses to the nozzles beside the high dense fog to open the steam that will dumping down the smokes,

-The system could be operated in parallel way as the steam and the C02 can work in the same time with the help of the powder or the compressed fighting mines which will probably operates at earl stage when the fire start ,

Page; 13 Just the separate distance between the two systems mustn't be less than 3 meters as the both systems have big difference in the temperature which may cause collapse in the pipes or the nozzles,

- Note: - The co2 inside the pipes is compressed under -76 C, but for the steam is considered wet steam and not superheated one as the steam must be on the following state:-

At boiling point 160 C, produce absolute pressure of 6 bars, with specific density 3.17 kg/m3, and specific volume at 0.315 m3/kg.

- Water mist could be applied instead of steam through the ground nozzles as there is a bypass conjunction from the main water pipe to disconnect the boilers.

7.4) Side face to face smoke detectors lights (Smoke and fog illustrator):-

- This application is used to direct the steam nozzles to the locations which unclear media due to the smoke as result from a fire and so do the fog if there is any fog as alternative usage,

The application is composed of small red (also another light colors can be used) led lamps bordered with square frame one unit) on the side of the landing/takeoff road and on the other side a square contain mirror and covered with concave soft glass cover and divided into square or circles (according to the light flux diameter as each square or circle is standard to fit the light of one lamp) and the red color is used due to its tall wave length, the techniques is however we open the light the light will reflect on the other side which contains the covered mirror and then if we fix a special camera (which measures the light intensity and the light flux ) directed on the light reflection from the mirror we can standardize the intensity' reading in the best weather which conclude the clarity of the air ,as it is measuring the light reflection turbidity compared with the standard photo of the light clarity in case of ideal atmosphere.

-By the way in the normal use which is alternative use , in the presence of dust and fog on the road the light intensity and the light reflection will be less than the standard that will send back to sprinkler control to misting the road with steam or either water.

-In case of fires the unit measuring the light intensity across the road while the plan is takeoff or landing as the plan is light barrier which will block the light as the camera program will store that the plan is a light barrier and start to monitor the light density around the plan motion through the road.

-During the fires a heavy clouds of smokes emitted whic will be easily monitored by the change in the light intensity across the road and will determine automatically the best fit steam sprinklers that will be used to dump the smoke, and so the steam pressure in the line will be concentrated on the sprinklers which is near the smoke clouds in order to obtain a highest pressure and the largest flow rates in this sprinklers.

-The piping network is separating the sprinkles unit to control the flow rates as for each group sprinklers (3 or 5) are controlled with one valve so that it is easy to control the suppression area.

-The fog illustrator machine is a big plate containing squares one is lamp and other is reflecting mirror and the vise versa on the other side, and the fog or the smoke map is detected by the cameras which analyze the photo compared to the standard one.

7.5) The smoke ground suction units:-

It is consists of ground suction fans connected to tubes that vents out the smokes in case of the fire as it is located in the middle of the take off and landing roads.

The fans is also can work if fire not existed as it can help to prevent fires as result from the fuel spills,

The suction power is recognized to be as large as possible as the fan area is (2 meter tall X 1 meter width) , also it must contains more than one fan in one line with the double length of the plan on land and it is more applicable in takeoff operations more than landing operations .

8. Cold Steam technique (fire extinquisher :-

The cold mist contains water stream flow and C02 (carbon dioxide gas) in the following apparatus;-

When water flow from a pipe and meet a pressurized carbon dioxide gas from another side meeting together till they both released from one nozzle so the gas will cooling the water and also will crash the water drops into smaller drops

This in size could be less than 3 micron for the water particle accompany with fog from the C02 gas as it seems to be like the steam but in different formulation and temperature (cold steam)

The nozzle diameter should be equal to the C02 nozzle diameter, and to be ended with sieving open than help in decreasing the water particles and also increase the outlet pressure of the mixture of the cold mix, a fire extinguisher for cold steam containing a Co2 cylinder connected to pressurized water cylinder.

9. Tornados & wild fire's winds brakes

The tornados brakes is a simple idea concerning with putting a compressed plastic

capsules in the face of the tornado and then to be connected with air-steam-C02 compressors and then it will blow out causing turbulence to the tornado speed The main idea is to explode while tornado is approaching causing turbulence to the tornado composition as the compressed air or steam released as a bomb in the face of the cyclone storm, also it can inhibit the winds which can carry the wild fire from one place to another. - The first application apparatus is the air-steam balloon that raised from a triangle

supporter before arrival of the tornado or the storm and then it filled with the saturated steam and the compressed air as the balloon linked to a trunk which linked to a supply steam battery or air compressor and when the tornado reach the balloons installed in the shape of parallel lines at the border of the threaten city and at a certain point when tornados peek winds comes to be clear beside the balloons the pressure increase suddenly causing explosion of the balloons wither filled with steam or air which release causing an immediate disturbance to the tornado or to the storm caused by directed pressurized high dense steam and pressurized air with calculated quantities and led the winds to speed down as it is looks like a speed barriers to the winds.

- The second application is an apparatus which is confined poly propylene or PVC cylinders supported temporarily in parallel lines at the border of the threaten city and linked to steam supply and air compressors and when the winds arrives it explode through.the excess : .. · pressure blow out releasing a mega directed anti wind made from saturated steam (190 C) - 12 bar and compressed air of 40 bar pressure causing wind interruption which gave time to evacuate the city or either to decrease the winds severity and stop the fire supplies of fresh air.

-Another simple application is in form of ground permanent openings in the land contain air suction units and supply opens through which compressed air arid stearri is pumped also the tornado and the storms will be exposed to the suction power as well, as this opens is located at the borders of the infected cities or forests and arranged vertically or horizontally in layers consists of air suction layer, steam supply layer, air supply layer so that when the tornados and storms were forecasted the saturated steam is pumped and released before the storms arrival, the steam opens will form a steam curtain which will be high dense and pressurized steam , also the suction units will be set before the steam and the air supply units so that the suction power will reduce the speed of the storms and then the storm will hit the steam curtain and then hit the air curtain which produced from another supplying opens after the steam supply opens, those three barriers are considered a speed breaker to the storm and tornados as this application can be used on the infected cities borders and in forests as this application depend on the metrological¹ analysis of the seasonal storms and tornados as it could be permanent or either mobile application.

10. Wild Fire fighting applications In the Wild fire the severity of the fires is almost high and the idea of wild fire control is depending on the following techniques:-

1- Extenguishing bombs (see fire fighting weapons chapter)

2- The steam fighting techniques

3- Extenguishers mines

4rHeavy mud sludge catapult (see mixtures chapter)

For the application number (2) concerning the steam techniques in the wild fire concerning the following equation:-

1- Huge number of flammable materials + high temperature + wide open area and unlimited supply of dry air = uncontrolled fire

- but in another side wild life contains greatest amount of water resources but because water power as proved is not highly efficient in mega fires and other fighting material can not be supplied in large quantities so the proper way is to use the steam instead of water with the following equation:-

Water (from wild resources) + Heat (from the fire itself) = steam that will be redirected to face the fire, · -

Now we can use the unlimited resources of the heat and water to benefit the fighting operations, so the application is set as following:-

10.1) The wild fire's steam fire briqade:-

A design composed of steel container and feeding inlet with feeding [ pump away and out let without pump, the design is totally steel even the container tires, also it supported with another inlet connected with foam mixer to dose the foam inside also salt can be added to the mixture to decrease the boiling time of the water and increase the density of the steam and the foam, the container is painted in black and it act beside a fire point then, it may contain suction unit to absorb more heat or may not,

- The design work with mounted arm hitched to another truck away as the arm isolated with industrial isolation foam (poly urethane) to avoid the heat conductivity between the container and the truck, then the water heated by the fire till it generate steam and then the outlet trunk is made up in 3 layers (foil, isolation rubber, regular rubber) and contain supporter to be supported and directed to the fire without any human interfere

10.2) The wild fire fighting mines:

Knowing that the wild fire is hard to be controlled in time, but when wild fire motion;

assessed by using the fire center calculation theory, and so the extinguisher mines is set in the road of the fire extension according the assessment results,, the mines is a compressed cylinde that contains a compressed either by air or C02 and contains water-foam, or water-mud, or either dry compressed powder or compressed dry mud , as the mine is locked by thermal sensor that give pulse to the micro explosive which will burst the mine releasing the compressed fighting materials which will disturb the fire harmony and leading the fire to speed down and stop , giving the chance to the fighting troops to act.

10.3) The steam mines:-

The same mines theory but the steam mine continuous mine releasing the steam which is a compressed steam as the main source of the steam is a mobile boiler or the wild steam brigade as the mine is connected with steam source and located under ground with just the nozzle head appeared and then it release the compressed steam continuously via open bottle neck nozzle upon the arrival of the fire flames, so that it considered a fighting tool in the heart of the flames that will prevent the fire from inducing new fire centers which accordingly will help the fighting efforts,

11. The ground steam systems for oil fields

-The Steam system for the oil fields simply contains of (water tanks, boiler, flame blower, heaters, action nozzles and return pipes for steam system, concentrated, foam, mud powder, water pumps, steam traps, steam turbine, Mixer tanks)

The basic ground system is dual as it used for the steam and meanwhile the water pipes found in place as the system is linked with control units that open the valves and operate the pumps and the mixer tanks, the most preferable steam water is from the sea water as it takes lesser boiling time and salt could be used with water as foaming agent under temperatures below 90 C, the action nozzles is blocked by mercury sensor that open in case of fire break out , the steam is operating continuously as after the boiler the steam goes to the action nozzle and in normal times the steam will be returned by returning pipes network that will send the returned unused steam to a heater then to boiler before it condensed then pass through a steam turbine that generate part of the electric power used in the system, then the steam nozzle is located directed to the tank surface as in case of fire it will open by the mercury (thermal sensor), the steam operated there is controlled according the fire severity , as when the fires start the steam is saturated steam and when the fire severity increase the system setting in the control will give pulls to the boilers flame generator to increase the temperature to generate a superheated steam, in the basic system the water nozzle will be used on the top surface of the tank for cooling purposes and to prevent the fire from extending.

12. The Throw ball technique;* -The threw ball is an apparatus that consists of a steel equipped trurik and covered with fire resistant material end with a confined ball made up from steel and covered totally with fire retardant material (fire contact parts) and contains small nozzles along the surface through which the steam or the extinguishing material pumped from a source (fixed tank, fire brigade) and then the ball thrown to the heart of the fire via a spin gun or air pressure gun, then when the ball reaches the valve of the supply tank opened also the ball contain open valves where the material released from the valves, the main concept is to transfer the extinguishing material to the center of the fire, the ball nozzle's diameters are equal to the diameter of the main vein, to increase the pressure of the pumped materials at the nozzles of the ball, the ball is covered with thermal resist material to avoid the melting of the ball cover, the ball also could be designed to make suction process to the fire smoke by using the same design but to link the confined ball with suction fans but using large sized open valves so that it can effectively filtrate the air from the heavy smokes and specially from the locations where is difficult to access during fires which will help to save the rescued people's lives.

13. The force back fire brigade

13.1) The steam fire briqade:-

The steam fire brigade is a fire truck contains a water tank used for the water supply and linked to a boiler within the same truck and out letting the steam with its various types on the same time there, also it contains a throw ball gun for water and steam, the steam trunk is thermally isolated and lined internally with foil and isolated with rubber layer then wool layer, the steam fire brigade contains foam tank arid mixer to prepare the water - foam mixture in the place of the fire.

13.2) The Integrated fire brigade

It is another application as the truck is containing a boiler and water tank and throw ball, and it is equipped with smokes and fires suction units and capable to work with fire anti injection process, also it contains a dry mud powder tank and C02 tank and foam tank as this truck contains a 2 mixers and two outlet batteries for water mixtures and steam, this truck can produce muddy foam, muddy water, cold steam, saturated steam, super saturated steam, Co2, as the system is controlled by electric valves linked to a control panel which operated by the fire fighting squad, as well the truck is contains water inlet to be fed by water whenever possible in the fire location;

14. The chemical mixtures of novel fighting agents

14.1 Y The hot mixtures

1- Hot foanm The hot foam is a technique whic is mixing the foam with hot water (50-80 C) with homogenizing by mixer tank or mixing by water pressure rather than mixing with cold one, and this aim to make the maximum portion of the foam soluble in the water also the foaming action will be greater with hot water, also hot water will be converted to steam directly when contact with fire leaving the foam floating on the burnt material in much lesser time.

2- Hot Mud

The hot mud is mixing the dry mud powder with hot water (50-80 C) and mix by mixer tank; thus far this technique will help also to let the maximum portion of the mud soluble in hot water and this help to give the mixture more dynamic in motion as the hot water is much lighter than the cold water also it will induce a muddy foam which enhance the floating properties of the mixture.

3- The superheated steam

The superheated steam is the most dynamic steam type as it has the highest pressure and the highest temperature as well; the superheated steam is used to defeat the mega fires as the oil and gas tank's blasts, the dynamic pressure of the superheated steam is the best fit for the blasting fires taking in consideration Jhe suppl^equilibrium between.. the.steam supply _: and the probable fire which could be occurred in a certain point, the superheated steam pressure starts at 30 Bar with temperature of 233 C with high density of 15 kg/m3 which exceeds the water density with 450 times compared to the water density at temperature of 33 C, also it has greater velocity than water and greater than the saturated steam, from the fact the superheated steam ^'could be nominated as anti blast fire fighting agent.

4- The superheated wet steam

The superheated wet steam is a mixture between both different types of steam as the first is superheated steam which exceeds 230 C and having absolute pressure approaching the 30 BAR, and then it mixed with water mist at the action point as the water temperature is about 50— 75 C and with pressure of 15 BAR, as this mixture properties is that using the water capability in cooling the fired matter and using the superheated steam capability in eliminate the fire smokes and then replace the 02 and the air surrounding the fire due to its dynamic pressure and also due to its density which reach 15 kg/m3.

5- The distilled water (electric fires)

Distilled water and steam in general could be a potential application in fighting the electric fires due its low conductivity as the conductivity of distilled water is no more than 10 S/cm, the distilled water is used in plastic or PPT, PVC and/or fiber glass pipes to avoid the change of polarity 6- The super saturated steam

This type of steam mixture is containing the steam under low temperature max. 120 C combined with the water mist, as the steam will be higher dense and more wet also the absolute pressure on the steam will be 2 bar, and the water mist will be operated on pressure of 15 bar

7- Muddy foam :-

This type of mix is containing powder mud (kaolin mud, sodium bentonite,, etc) mixed with hot water (above 50 C) and mixed with foam and then homogenized and pumped directly to the fighting nozzles and hoses, for this system there is no return loop as it is one way, the mix is prepared after the fire occurrence and not exist in the normal times.

8- Salty foam (boiled salt water + foam)

An experiment proves that the salt water boiling time is more lesser by average 50% than the fresh water, and when boiled with foam or soap it contains a big kinetic pressure that can set out heavy dynamic fires, as the foam and the water are mixed and then boiled on temperature varies between 105 - 120 C, then the mixture is pumped to the nozzles and the hoses. . _. _ _ · .·;_„ · . · ,

9- Steam (for electric fires):-

The steam is non ionic liquid and has very low conductivity as it condensed for the given reason the stem could be used to set out electric fires with out the hazard of electric shocks after or before the fire the steam is charged in the fighting system after the fire occurrence and riot ready to use application.

14.2) Cold mixtures:-

1- Muddy water

Powder fine mud as sodium bentonite, potassium, calcium also kaolin mud are mixed with water due their rheological properties and their very powdery fine size (300 mesh or finer) as small quantities expands and form as a dough that having excellent floating syrup characteristic (for example the bentonite mud can expand for over 15-18 times its original size when hydrated with water that is big advantages for the material usage and storage, as for example when mixing 100 pound of mud as sodium bentonite with 100 pound of water , they can cover area like a pool with dimension (8 inch X 8 inch ) pool of fire as muddy water will be creamy and smooth and viscous and help to set out petroleum fire effective than foam, the application requires mixing the mud with water and homogenize them then pump the mixture as the mixture is ready to be used all times.

2- Muddv foam:- The muddy foam is a technique where the mud is mixed with the foam with water by the ratio (3 mud: 2 Foam: 5 Water), water must contribute at least 40% of the component as the mud: foam ratio is variable according the application type

3-Heaw mud sludge Catapult:-

The heavy mud sludge is a mixture with ratio (mud: water) 75:25, also with using some water bounding materials like salt, CaCo3 (lime stone) this application could be used in forestry fires and.mega civilian fires.

15. Sonic Waves effect

In one experiment it was observed practically that there is big effect done by the sonic waves on the fires and the flames stability due to the impact of the sonic and the sound waves on the surrounding air layers.

15.1) Sonic grenades for fires and tornados control

The sonic grenades is causing air disturbance also the compressed air grenades do the same, meanwhile the compressed air could be replaced with compressed C02, compressed halons gas, also the sonic grenades could be developed to contain 2 chambers one is

compressed air for the sonic act and the other contains C02 or dry powder, or the grenade could contain compressed dry powder (using air), to do the disturbance inside the fire and do the relocation of thermal compatibility of the fire body.

15.2) Sonic sub ways

Large subways could be , used to produce fire fighting sonic waves and, especially in the house and house fires it is foreseen that sonic irregular frequency sonic waves can disturb the air surrounding the fires causing disturbance to the fire itself leading to enhance the fighting efforts.

The brief description of the drawings:-

Fire fighting Figure 5

missiles sodium head in case of water types missiles- explosive

1 head in case of land missiles

Compressed powder in case of land fires / Compressed

2 foam in case of fuel-gas fires in water

3 directing wings

4 explosive powder

5 directing wings

6 Missile fuel

7 thermal isolation foam

Fire fighting Figure 6 Compressed cylinder without explosive head contains missiles compressed fire fighting materials (C02/ powder/

1 halons/ water/ steam/ foam)

2 Directing wings

3 The missile fuel

Fire fighting Figure 7 1 Explosive head surrounded with fire fighting dry powder missiles the cylinder body contains compressed Co2,

2 compressed powder

The down chamber contains superheated steam isolated from Co2 chamber with foam- or contains compressed water of either contain double jacket chamber (saturated steam inside- water in the outer jacket in ratio steam 2:

3 water 1 )

4 The missile fuel

Fire fighting Figure 8 1 Micro explosive head

mi issiles 2 breakage point

1 . ... ^■■— ¹ "

Compressed C02 with dry powder and dry mud mix (the compression done by the Co2 gas not by air

3 compression)

4 Connecting tube

5 Compressed water cylinder

6 Missile fuel

Integrated Figure 9 1 The truck body

force back

fire brigade 2 The brigade elevator - man basket

3 smoke suction motor

4 dry powder mud tank / dry powder

5 water tank

6 connection and mixing battery with various agents out let

7 Co2 tank

8 Foam dosing tank

¾ Throw ball spring - air canon gun

10 Boiler burner

11 Boiler

12 Smoke suction-steam injection hose

8 The main mine tank compresse pow er or

Claims

The Claims

1. Steam power theory and the associated analysis of the steam power and the water power that visualize the efficiency of the steam rather than water.

Characterized by the comparison phrases between the water power and the steam power and the final conclusion theory.

2. Fire center theory and the associated drawing and the conclusion theory.

Characterized by the illustration drawings that represent the thermal degradation inside the fire and the possibility of acting with new fire techniques that targeting the fire center it self rather than fighting the fire layers from outside, also contains the conclusion phrase that proves the theory.

3. Fire Fighting weapons with all types as fire fighting machine gun ,lce bombs, mud and powder bombs, powder bullet, C02 missiles, dry mud and powder missiles, foam and steam missiles and cold mist steam missile and mines,

Characterized by the concept of charging the fire weapons as machines gun and bombs and missiles by any fire fighting agents and then using the war technology to direct this weapons towards the fires and specially towards the fire center, to discharge the fire fighting material in shape of explosion not in the classic way by splashing the materiel into the fire slowly, but by sudden complete release of the fire fighting material.

4. Advanced Marine force back fire fighting application using the sea water to generate steam and using the sea mud or the dry powder to make water-mud mix, and C02.

■ Characterized by the fire sprinkler network which contains steam ozzies and C02 and water and cold mist in the same time and the supply consists of water tank, boiler and C02 tank and foam and mud tank and mixer linking to control network that select to use mix or sole items knowing that the hot applications like steam having separate piping network and the cold or regular items have another network.

5. Fire anti-injection techniques

Characterized by a new design which contains two tubes one to inject the steam or any fire fighting materials and the other is to make suction to the fire and the associated smokes and the fumes and this application is very specific for the abnormal fires conditions.

6. Double jacket fire control and fighting applications, containing the micro piped trunks, the double jacket fuel tanks, the double jacket fuel lines and rig pipes, fuel dosing trunks.

Characterized by installing internal pipes or frames within a certain body jacket or design or frame which carry and store a high flammable substances and to pump and insert a fire fighting material: within this internal frames or pipes, also the fire fighting material could be associated: with cooling material or either replaced totally with cooling materials as C02 that help to control the fire occurrence and also can be used in dual way in control and in fighting as well.

7. The avian fire fighting applications including the fire protection mines, the side face to face smoke and fog Illustrator the ground suction units and the ground pipes.

Characterized by the fire fighting mines which set on the landing and the take off lanes of the air ports and can sense the fire via heat sensor causing explosion to the fire fighting material, also the ground suction units and the suppression side nozzles through which steam or cold steam and mist water supplied, also the side smoke and fog illustrator that linking the standard air clarity photo with the fact and connected to the nozzles that will direct to the high dense smoke and fog areas.

8. Cold steam mist applications and the cold steam and cold steam mist fire extinguisher and fire sprinkler system

Characterized by the C02 supplying source connected to pressurized water at the nozzle open point so that a water will be misted and supplied with Co2 making a foggy cold and pressurized mixture

9. Tornados and wild fires winds brakes contains the balloon technique and the cylinder technique, also ; include the permanent or either non permanent, openings.. arranged in layers. - containing the suction units and the air and steam supplying units.

Characterized by the steam or air or Co2 supplying units and the connection under ground pipes and then the balloons and the cylinders bodies at where the pressure increases suddenly to the rupture level then the cylinder or either the balloon will blow out releasing a great energy and great amount of air or steam or Co2 in opposite direction from the tornados direction' to reduce its speed, and for the permanent openings the suction units arranged in one line considering the first barrier layer, the steam units arranged as a second layer, and the air units considered as third layer and as the steam opens produce a steam curtain from the saturated steam before the arrival of the storm and the air units produce air curtain so that storms will hit this barriers and reduce the storm or the tornado speed.

10. Wild fire control and fighting applications containing the wild fire steam brigade and the fire mines and the steam guns and sludge catapult.

Characterized by the steam fire brigade that contains feed in from water source and then using the wild fire itself to generate the steam to fight it with, also fire mines that will be set at the fire borders to prevent its extension, also sludge catapult use to throw the high dense and viscous fightingi materials as viscous wet mud,

1 1. The ground basic steam and mixed fire fighting system for oil & gas fields

Page 2* Characterized by the mixed application containing boiler for steam and heater and dry mud and foam and water and mixers and return network and steam traps that all installed in two parallel system lines (cold fighting system, Hot fighting system) and also contains steam turbine to reduce the power of the costs.

12. The throw ball technique

Characterized by the confined ball and the connected trunk as all lined externally with fire retardant materials and the ball nozzles and the supply unit either steam or water or C02 or compressed powder and throw into fire by a spin gun or air pressure gun or canon.

13. The force back fire brigade including the steam fire brigade and the mixed type's fire brigade. Characterized by the supplying tanks and boiler contains water and the share battery and throw balls with its guns, also contains a mixers that mix a various mixtures as the entire system is operated via control unit that modulate the ideal fighting material according the fire severity with regarding the flaming material.

14. Chemical mixtures of novel fighting agents

Characterized by the hot mixtures which are: Hot foam ,Hot Mud The superheated steam .The superheated wet steam ,The distilled water (electric fires) The super saturated steam , Muddy foam ^' .Salty foam (boiled salt water + foam), Steam (for electric fires, and the cold mixtures which are:- Muddy water .Muddy foam Heavy mud sludge Catapult.

15. Sonic waves fire fighting effects including the sonic grenades and the fighting subways

Characterized by usage of non uniformly frequencies of sonic waves that causes fires disturbance, using the sound grenades or the subways that can disturb the fire flames vy disturb the air and so disturb the oxygen burning rate (oxidizing process).