RU2740594C1 - Fire-extinguishing shell - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire safety.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fire extinguishing, namely, to fire extinguishing equipment, which is based on the theory of pulsed fire extinguishing equipment and multifaceted protection of weapon systems, reactive equipment, and can be used for fire extinguishing of various classes. Fire-extinguishing shell contains a body, a fuse, a blow-out charge and a fire extinguishing agent. Housing is equipped with ballistic tip, made with possibility of dropping at pressure, inside housing there is case with cover and bottom, made with possibility of longitudinal movement inside housing, inner surface of the housing is equipped with stoppers of the cartridge displacement, and the fuse and the blowout charge are located in the tail part of the housing.

EFFECT: technical result is increase of purposefulness - at pulse ejection of fire-extinguishing shell to target zone several times higher amount of extinguishing composition than in explosion, when large part is scattered in all sides with low density and carried away by powerful ascending streams of combustion products, and intensity of flow extinguishing powder in several times.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of fire extinguishing, namely to impulse fire extinguishing technology and multidimensional protection of weapons systems, jet technology, and can be used to extinguish fires of various classes.

Known devices for extinguishing forest, steppe and other fires with water from containers, fire extinguishers with chemicals, including the use of aviation (Instructions for the detection and extinguishing of forest fires. M., 1995, pp. 35-43). The use of aviation fire extinguishing means, namely tanker aircraft and helicopters with pouring devices, is not always effective, since they are difficult to ensure sufficient accuracy of water supply to the combustion center, and a significant part of the water evaporates and is carried away by the ascending heat flow.

Known analogs cannot be used to extinguish fires of high complexity, such as, for example, spills of flammable liquids and gases, steppe / forest fires, as well as fires in hard-to-reach places (in steep mountains, wetlands), since water quickly evaporates before reaching the center of combustion, and powders and fire-extinguishing compositions that isolate the combustion surface from atmospheric oxygen are carried away by the ascending streams of combustion products. Currently, the only strategy for extinguishing such fires is their localization and exclusion of spread, for example, by creating artificial obstacles in the form of trenches or glades. After the combustible material burns out, the fire goes out on its own.

Methods such as detonation and spraying of an extinguishing agent (OS) over the surface of the earth are widely used in the practice of extinguishing fires. However, the effectiveness of the extinguishing agent will be very low and will decrease with the operation height very quickly due to the low flux density of the extinguishing agent as a result of the explosion and spraying it in all directions, as well as due to the many times higher velocity head of the ascending flows of combustion products from the zone fire, easily dissipating a low concentration fire extinguishing agent with negligible kinetic energy.

Indeed, if we imagine an ammunition with a sprayed extinguishing agent in the form of a ball (or cylinder) flying up to the target, then, according to the theory of a point explosion, all components, including the extinguishing agent, will be scattered over a spherical volume evenly in all directions. If we take the direction of the target to a solid angle of 260 degrees with a bisector in the form of a tangent to the trajectory at the point of detonation, which is quite natural, at large values of the scattering angle, the distance to the target along the solid angle generators rapidly increases (by 15% at a spread angle of 60 degrees and almost by 50%, at an angle of 90 degrees), and, as a result, the speed and concentration of the extinguishing agent rapidly decreases, after which it is easily carried away by powerful ascending flows of combustion products and does not reach the target. Therefore, with non-directional spraying of a fire extinguishing agent (compared to directional spraying, for example, in the 60 ° sector), only 1/6 of the extinguishing agent will be involved in extinguishing the fire (60 ° × 6 = 360 degrees - the whole sphere).

Known fire extinguisher rocket for extinguishing a fire with an air shock wave, aimed at the fire zone using a launcher US Pat. RU 2193906. The fire-extinguisher rocket consists of a rocket engine with a combustion chamber connected to a housing filled with an explosive. The housing contains a control signal receiver connected to an inertial detonator, and a section of a fuse-cord cord connected to the combustion chamber cavity in its bottom part and to an inertial detonator. The detonation of a fire extinguisher rocket is carried out on the approach to a fire or upon hitting an obstacle, which ensures that the flame is knocked down by the resulting shock wave. The disadvantage of the known device is its low efficiency for extinguishing fires over a large area and high-intensity fires. This is due to the fact that the detonation of a single device can bring down a flame of low and medium intensity for a while. To completely extinguish the flame, its isolation from oxygen is required, which cannot be provided by the specified device (there is no extinguishing agent in it).

Known fire extinguishing system for fighting fire on a relatively large area or in a relatively large volume, containing a guidance system and artillery-technical means for ejecting a variety of projectiles containing a fire retardant pat. RU 2288761. The shells explode on impact, which allows the fire retardant to be dispersed at ground level, or the shells explode when activated remotely, which allows the fire retardant to be dispersed at a given height above ground level.

The disadvantage of the known projectile is its low efficiency for extinguishing fires over a large area and high-intensity fires. This is due to the fact that, although the fire retardant slows down combustion, however, in high-intensity fires, when the combustion temperature is very high and the ascending flows of combustion products have colossal speeds, it heats up and is carried away by the ascending flows.

Close in technical essence to the claimed technical solution is the device according to US Pat. RU 189214, consisting of a cylindrical body with a lid, in which a pyrotechnic fire-extinguishing aerosol generator is installed. The housing contains a storage chamber for aerosol and a reservoir for a fire extinguishing agent. Between the storage chamber for aerosol and the reservoir with the liquid fire extinguishing agent, a plunger equipped with a membrane is installed, which ensures the displacement of the fire extinguishing agent through the outlet, which is made in the bottom of the housing. A valve is installed in the hole, equipped with a stem that destroys the plunger membrane when it comes into contact with the valve.

The disadvantage of the known device is its low efficiency due to the fact that when the impact mechanism is triggered by contact, only a small part of the extinguishing agent will be delivered to the combustion zone. Most of it will be scattered by the explosion upward and to the sides, and also carried away by powerful updrafts of combustion products, the speed of which can reach 100 m / s. This is explained by the fact that when a fire extinguishing agent is detonated and sprayed in the hearth of the fire (on the surface of the combustion zone), the extinguishing agent is sprayed in the 180 ° sector towards the ascending flow of combustion products coming from the combustion zone, and will be insufficient for thermodynamic and chemical effects on the surface of the combustion zone ...

Known fire-fighting rocket-propelled grenade containing a housing, an explosive charge, a fire-extinguishing powder, a fuse and a reactive part. With the help of a threaded attachment, the tail part of the body is attached to the reactive part, and the nose part of the body to the fuse Pat. RU 2442624. The grenade is delivered to the fire zone using a launching device, where upon contact with the surface it explodes (the body is destroyed) and the fire extinguishing powder is sprayed, restricting the access of oxygen to the burning materials, thereby extinguishing.

In practice, the fire extinguishing device works according to the same principle, US Pat. RU 113155, containing a charge of a powder pressure accumulator, a retarding charge and a Laval nozzle with an expelling charge placed in the nozzle, installed in series in a common housing located in the rear part of the container on the same axis with the atomizer, the powder pressure accumulator adjoins the atomizer along butt end. The container has a spray of extinguishing composition made in the form of a cylindrical tube, closed at both ends, located in the front part of the container along its longitudinal axis. The device works as follows. When an electric current is applied to the electric igniter, the expelling charge is ignited (the expelling charge is a small amount of explosive), and the fire extinguishing device is fired in the direction of the fire strip. When the expelling charge burns, the moderator charge is simultaneously ignited. After a preset time, the charge of the retarder ignites the charge of the powder pressure accumulator. The resulting gases penetrate into the spray tube, break it and mix with the extinguishing agent (extinguishing powder or gel). Under the influence of pressure, the container collapses, and the fire extinguishing composition is sprayed at the site of the fire source.

This device is the closest analogue by a set of common features and implementation techniques.

The target application of such a device, as noted by the patent owner, is to extinguish high-rise buildings.

The disadvantage of the known device is that the spraying of the fire-extinguishing powder when hitting an obstacle occurs in all spatial directions from the point of explosion. This leads to a low specific concentration of sprayed fire extinguishing powder and a strong dispersion of the powder, which does not provide sufficient oxygen shut-off directly in the combustion zone. In addition, the dispersed particles of the atomized powder are heated and carried away by the ascending streams of combustion products. All this determines the low efficiency of the device for extinguishing fires over a large area and high-intensity fires.

The objective of the claimed invention is to develop a design of a fire extinguishing device that provides targeted, effective and operational fire extinguishing.

The solution to the problem is achieved by the fact that the developed design of the device provides a compact targeted release of the OS directly at the moment the fire extinguishing device approaches the target, which is achieved by placing the agent in a sleeve moving in the body, and its movement is due to the controlled detonation of the pyrotechnic elements of the device. In addition, a timely release prior to contact with the body fairing and liner cover ensures that the OC is targeted.

The technical result consists in increasing the intensity (the amount of OS per unit time per unit surface) of spraying the extinguishing composition strictly in the direction of the target. Providing the device body with a ballistic tip allows it to reach its maximum flight speeds, and making it releaseable at pressure provides the possibility of a pulsed release of a fire extinguishing agent. The design features of the liner make it possible to perform several functions: storage of the extinguishing agent and the displacement of the ballistic tip when the liner is moved due to the action of powder gases from the tail of the device. Together with the restriction of the movement of the liner by stoppers, the formation of a directed cone-shaped spray of the extinguishing agent is ensured, i.e. a dense directed flow of a fire extinguishing agent with a speed exceeding the speed of the projectile. The flight range of the projectile, together with the accuracy of the action of dispersed particles of the extinguishing agent, provides for effective extinguishing of fires of any complexity class at a safe distance.

The claimed invention is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of the device.

The projectile contains a cylindrical body 2 with a ballistic tip 1 and a tail part 3 in the form of an inverse cone. The tail section 3 can be equipped with an adapter for attachment to projectile delivery vehicles (not shown in the figure), for example, with a standard RPG-7V engine.

The ballistic tip 1 is installed on the body in an interference fit or by compression of the main body part and is configured to be released under pressure.

In the tail part 3, a remote fuse 4 and an expelling charge 6 are installed in the form of a hinge of smoky gunpowder or any explosive. Expelling charge 6 is placed in bowl 5.

Inside the body 2 there is a sleeve 12 with a cover and a bottom, made with the possibility of longitudinal movement inside the body 2. The inner surface of the sleeve 12 is covered with a polyethylene film, inside the sleeve is a fire extinguishing agent 10. The bottom of the sleeve 8 abuts against the wad 7, behind which there is an expelling charge 6, and the liner cover 13 contacts the ballistic tip and is also pressurized to release.

Any fire extinguishing agent can be used, for example, it is known (http://studopedia.net/4_16214_ognegasyashchie-sredstva.html). that the main extinguishing agents are water, chemical and air-mechanical foams, aqueous solutions of salts, inert and non-flammable gases, water vapor, halocarbon extinguishing agents and dry extinguishing powders.

On the surface of the body 2, holes are drilled from opposite sides, for example, threaded, aligned with the longitudinal grooves 9 in the sleeve, in which stoppers 11 are installed, for example, in the form of screws, limiting the movement of the sleeve 12 relative to the body 2 (the maximum stroke of the sleeve corresponds to the length of the grooves from the bottom of the sleeve to about 2/3 of its length).

When the projectile approaches the target, the impulse from the remote fuse 4 is transmitted to the spark plug, which ignites the expelling charge 6. After the powder charge is ignited, powder gases are formed, which act on the bottom 8 of the sleeve 12 through the wad 7. Through the bottom 8 of the sleeve 12, the ballistic tip 1 acts the force required to squeeze it out of the housing 2. After that, the ballistic tip 1 and the sealing cover of the sleeve 13 attached to it fly out and are no longer used. At this time, the sleeve 12 with the fire extinguishing composition and the wad continue to move relative to the body 2 until the bottom of the sleeve 8 (when setting the maximum stroke length) into the stopper 11 with sharp braking, which achieves a complete impulse emptying of the cavity of the sleeve 12, giving the entire fire extinguishing composition 10 additional speed strictly in the direction of the target, where it is sprayed in the form of a cone, which provides the necessary flow density to knock down the flame.

The declared fire extinguishing projectile can be delivered to the fire zone in various ways, for example, by firing an RPG-7 grenade launcher from a pipe, by throwing it from a helicopter (in the case of extinguishing forest fires, oil spills, high-rise objects), for which it is necessary to dismantle the jet engine and install a stabilizing and fastening devices, or by means of multi-barreled rocket launchers and unmanned aerial vehicles.

Claims (3)

1. Fire extinguishing projectile, made in the form of a cylindrical container, containing sequentially installed in its rear part, connected to each other and in contact with the extinguishing agent, a fuse charge, slowing down and expelling charges, characterized in that it is equipped with a ballistic tip, inside the body there is a sleeve in in the form of a metal cylinder with a bottom and a lid, on the sides of which at least two symmetrical guide grooves are made from the bottom to 2/3 of the length of the cylinder, ensuring its longitudinal movement inside the body, limited by stoppers in the form of protrusions located on the inner surface of the container in its front part and entering the grooves of the cylinder liner, fixing its longitudinal movement until the bottom touches the stoppers, the liner cover contacts the ballistic tip and is configured to release both under pressure on the liner of powder gases, the inner volume of the cylinder is filled with a fire extinguishing agent placed in polyethylene in the bag, the bottom of the sleeve rests on the wad, behind which the expelling charge and the remote fuse are located. 2. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of guide grooves and stops is determined by the caliber of the projectile. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the stoppers are fixed at a predetermined distance from the bottom of the sleeve.

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