RU2758818C1 - Method for increasing the fire and explosion safety of a warehouse for fire and explosion hazardous products and warehouse structure implementing said method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: firefighting.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of fire safety and can be used in building and operation of warehouses with fire and explosion hazardous materials, substances and products. The warehouse for fire and explosion hazardous products is made buried and comprises containers with a liquid extinguishing agent, made combined with the enclosing structures of the warehouse. Located at the points of abutment of the containers to the walls of the warehouse below the level of the liquid extinguishing agent are locking elements configured to be opened. Located above the level of the liquid extinguishing agent at the points of abutment of the containers to the walls of the warehouse are breather valves. Also disclosed is a method for increasing the fire and explosion safety of such warehouse.

EFFECT: increased efficiency and speed of fire extinguishing in warehouses for storage of fire and explosion hazardous products.

6 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of fire safety and can be used in the construction and operation of warehouses with explosive materials, substances and products.

Known methods of extinguishing fires in warehouses by supplying fire extinguishing agents (OTV) (water, foam, powders, aerosols, gases) [1]. Efficiency of OTV supply is ensured by automatic fire extinguishing installations (AUP) [2].

There is a known method of extinguishing fires in rooms, which provides for AUP, filling the rooms with OTV: gases [3], aerosols [4], powders, high-expansion foam. The disadvantages of such AUP are: a) limited reliability, b) high cost and the need for periodic maintenance with access of specialists to the warehouse, c) start-up when 2 detectors are triggered; d) a relatively small flow rate of the OTH supply; e) the complexity of the penetration of OTS (powders, aerosols) to the combustion zones with a complex storage configuration; f) the risk of false positives. This makes their use in warehouses with explosive and fire hazardous products ineffective.

It seems appropriate to take a patent [5] as a prototype, which has common features with the claimed invention:

a) the warehouse is protected (subclass of functional fire hazard F5.2 [6]), where a class A fire is possible;

b) extinguishing is done with water (its solutions).

Unlike [5], the claimed invention has the following advantages:

- constructive simplicity - no pumps, pipelines, spray nozzles, etc. are required, the OTH is supplied by means of a hydrostatic head;

- fast and effective fire extinguishing by "salvo" water supply, which allows not only suppressing the combustion of explosive products 2 by taking heat for evaporation, but knocking down the flame and flooding it with a stream.

A technical problem is to increase the efficiency and speed of extinguishing a fire in warehouses for storing explosive and fire hazardous products.

To solve this problem in a water fire extinguishing system using water supply to the combustion zone, a method is proposed for the "salvo" supply of a large amount of OTS (water, its solutions with a wetting agent for better penetration and / or additives to reduce the freezing point) from the side or from above to the fire site after its detection with the possibility of full coverage of the stored explosive and fire hazardous products. In this case, both a rapid decrease in the average volumetric temperature and flame blowout by the OTV flow are achieved. Technically, this can be implemented in the design of a warehouse, providing for the placement of tanks with OTV adjacent to the side walls of the warehouse, or / and in its upper part near the ceiling, or using an adjacent fire reservoir as a tank with OTV. The tanks are equipped with shut-off elements in the form of hatches or membranes with operative opening devices both remotely (by an operator from the control room) and automatically when the temperature (or the rate of its increase) exceeds the set limit values. The adjoining tanks can be divided into compartments with filling and breathing valves, as well as equipped with a heat-insulating layer and a heating system in areas with cold climates. When discharging OTV, the effect of "sucking" smoke into the emptied side containers can be achieved due to the presence of breathing valves.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where FIG. 1 shows the declared structure of the warehouse in the initial (working) position, in the case when the containers are adjacent to the side walls; figure 2 - the structure of the warehouse in the initial (working) position, in the case when the containers are located in the upper part of the warehouse; in fig. 3 - the declared design of the warehouse in the initial (working) position, when the tank with the OTV is a fire reservoir; in fig. 4-6 - the stages of fire extinguishing system actuation in case of fire of stored explosive and fire hazardous products are shown.

Warehouse 1 contains explosive and fire hazardous products 2, tanks 3 with OTV 4. Tanks 3 can be made adjacent to the side walls of warehouse 1 (Fig. 1) or placed in the upper part under the ceiling (Fig. 2) in case of a warm climate, or represent a fireman reservoir 10. Tanks 3 contain normally closed shut-off elements (hatches, membranes) 5, breathing 6 and filling 7 valves. When the warehouse 1 is located in a cold climate (Fig. 1), the containers 3 with OTV 4 may contain a layer of thermal insulation 8 and a heater 9, for example, electric. Warehouse 1 can be fenced off by embankment and, with the lateral arrangement of containers 4, can contain easily destructible elements in the roof. The shut-off elements 5, separating the mass of the OTV 4 from the volume of the warehouse 1, can be fixed, for example, by pyro-locks, which are triggered either automatically when the temperature (the rate of its growth) in the warehouse 1 rises when the product 2 ignites, or be initiated remotely, for example, from the control room by the operator, controlling the situation in the warehouse 1. Tanks 3 with OTV 4 can be divided into compartments, between which shut-off elements are installed 5. The volume of tanks 3 and the mass of OTV 4 are selected so as to guarantee (cover) the entire area of stored products 2. In warehouse 1, remote control of temperature by thermal sensors, fire detectors, video cameras, thermal imagers, etc. with the transfer of information to the operator to the control center (due to the multivariate implementation, the diagrams are not shown), from which the operator can remotely open the locking elements 5. With the lateral arrangement of tanks 3 or reservoir 10, the warehouse overlap may contain easily destructible elements.

In the initial position, the container 3 is filled with OTV 4 through the filling valves 7 (Figs. 1, 2). With an average daily temperature fluctuation, the pressure is equalized above the level of OTV 4 and the atmosphere in warehouse 1 by means of breathing valves 6. At low outside temperatures in winter conditions, the non-freezing of OTV 4 can be ensured by an additional layer of thermal insulation 8, heater 9, as well as the addition of additives (salts ) in OTV. Or next to the warehouse is a filled fire reservoir 10 (Fig. 3).

When the product 2 ignites with the threat of a subsequent explosion, the shut-off elements (hatches, membranes) 5 are opened, after which the OTV 4 at a high flow rate instantly ("salvo") enters the volume of warehouse 1 either from the side (Figs. 4, 6) or from above (Fig. . 5), blowing off the flame, extinguishing or localizing the fire. This eliminates the risk of explosion of products 2 and ensures the safety of arriving fire brigades.

If the ignition is preceded by the explosion of products 2, then with the lateral arrangement of the containers 3 (Fig. 1) or 10 (Fig. 3), the shock wave goes up through easily destroyed elements of the roof structure, as a result of which the shut-off elements 5 are opened and OTV 4 enters the volume of the warehouse 1, eliminating the subsequent combustion of product 2 and excluding subsequent explosions. At the top location of the containers 3, the OTV 4 located in them dampens the shock wave and prevents the scattering of fragments.

Valves 6 in tank 3 provide a smooth outflow of the OTH due to pressure equalization. With the lateral arrangement of the tanks 3 (Fig. 1), the breathing valves 6 are installed above the level of the OTV to ensure the possibility of sucking smoke from the volume of the warehouse 1 into the emptied containers 3. When the fire reservoir 10 is activated, the combustion products can be displaced through the valves 6 by the incoming volume of the OTV 4 (Fig. 6).

Thus, the claimed design of the warehouse contributes to an increase in explosion and fire safety and a decrease in risk for warehouse personnel, fire brigades and third parties. Damage from damage to stored products by incoming OTV is much less than the risk of product explosion in a fire.

Sources of information

1. The combat charter of fire protection units, which determines the procedure for organizing fire extinguishing and carrying out an ACR. Approved. by order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations dated 16.10.2017, No. 444, registered with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on 20.02.2018, reg. No. 50100.

2.SP 5.13130.2013 SPPZ. Automatic fire alarm and extinguishing installations. Norms and rules of design.

3. Fire protection system and a way to protect warehouses from fire. Patent CN 109381818A, IPCA62C-003/04, A62C-037/00.

4. A method of volumetric fire extinguishing and a device for its implementation. Patent RU 94007117 A1, IPC A62S35 / 00.

5. Patent RU 2702500 С2 "Controlled system and methods for fire protection of warehouses". Bul. No.20 of 08.10.2019

6. Federal Law of 22.07.2008 “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements” No. 123-FZ (as amended).

Claims (6)

1. Warehouse for explosive and fire hazardous products, made buried and containing containers with a liquid fire extinguishing agent, which are made combined with the enclosing structures of the warehouse, while in the places where the containers are adjacent to the walls of the warehouse, locking elements made with the possibility of opening are located below the level of the liquid fire extinguishing agent, and above the level of the liquid extinguishing agent, breathing valves are located at the junction of the containers to the walls of the warehouse. 2. Warehouse according to claim. 1, in which the locking elements of the containers are hatches and / or membranes, made with the possibility of automatic opening when the temperature or the growth rate of its established limits increases. 3. Warehouse according to claim 1, in which the locking elements of the containers are made with the possibility of forced remote opening by the warehouse personnel or by the operator from the control room. 4. The warehouse according to claim 1, in which the containers are equipped with a heat-insulating layer and elements for heating the extinguishing agent, and the upper part of the warehouse is easily destroyed. 5. Warehouse according to claim 1, in which the containers with the extinguishing agent are divided into compartments, each of which contains a shut-off element, a breathing valve and a filling valve. 6. A method of increasing the fire and explosion safety of a warehouse for fire and explosion hazardous products according to any one of paragraphs. 1-5, which includes a fire warning signal when the temperature inside the warehouse rises, automatic opening of the locking elements through which the liquid extinguishing agent contained in the containers adjacent to the warehouse is supplied.

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