RU2804551C1 - Fire train with autonomous container-type fire module - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire-fighting equipment.

SUBSTANCE: fire train includes a locomotive, at least one water tank and a railway platform with an autonomous fire module based on a freight container with side external doors and end lift gates (30), on the roof of which at least one device (4) is installed for water-foam fire extinguishing with the ability to form and jointly deliver contacting jets of low expansion air-mechanical foam and air-mechanical hybrid foam under pressure to obtain a single combined jet of hybrid foam of increased power and range, and inside which there is a pump with an engine, container (22) for a foam concentrate, a device for mixing water with a foaming agent, device (23) for winding/unwinding and storing fire hoses in reels with the ability to move and rotate towards the desired door or gate, a system of suction and pressure pipelines of fire extinguishing liquid with a drainage device and means for quick connection/disconnection of water supply hoses from tank cars or external water sources.

EFFECT: improved efficiency of fire extinguishing and emergency response for prompt stopping and extinguishing of large fires.

14 cl, 18 dwg

Description

Field of technology

The invention relates to fire-fighting equipment, in particular to fire-fighting equipment of a fire train and can be used for extinguishing fires, carrying out emergency rescue operations on railway rolling stock and at stationary railway transport facilities, in eliminating the consequences of emergency situations with rolling stock transporting dangerous goods III-IV hazard classes, when extinguishing fires and carrying out emergency rescue operations at facilities not related to railway transport, but located near railways within the tactical and technical capabilities of the proposed fire-fighting equipment, in particular when carrying out emergency rescue operations in emergency zones natural and man-made.

State of the art

Dangerous goods (fire, explosive and chemical substances) are transported mainly by freight rolling stock of railway transport: in tank cars and freight cars [S.I. Borovik, M.N. Borovik, E.V. Demchenkov, D.A. Reznichenko. Features of fire extinguishing and emergency response in railway transport. Chelyabinsk, SUSU Publishing Center. 2017, pp. 27-32].

Fires on railway transport are particularly difficult to organize the actions of fire departments, due to the delay in the introduction of fire extinguishing agents until the physical and chemical properties of the cargo are clarified and the contact network is disconnected.

In case of fire, the speed of fire spread along the rolling stock is on average 1.4 m/min. The fire spread time is no more than 20 minutes. After 30-40 minutes, the floor in the car burns out. The growth rate of the fire area in the first 10 minutes reaches 3.1 and 4 m2 /min, and in the next 10-50 minutes 7 and 8 m2 /min.

The explosion of railway tanks with petroleum products occurs, as a rule, 16-24 minutes after the start of exposure to an open flame. The height of the flame reaches 50 meters. The explosion of one railway tank contributes to an increase in the fire area to more than 1500 m ² . The impact of open flame and high temperature on railway tanks with flammable liquids and gases leads to a flash of the oily layer on their surface. The presence of leaks and malfunctions of shut-off valves on tanks with flammable liquids and liquefied hydrocarbon gases leads to an outbreak of liquid vapor above the necks of the tanks, as well as gases above excess valves.

The most rapid spread of fire occurs when flammable liquids (FLLs) and flammable liquids (FLLs) spill from railway tanks as a result of accidents, collisions or train derailments.

Statistics of fires on railway tanks with flammable liquids and flammable liquids show that the area of liquid spillage from one tank is 800-1400 m2, depending on the condition and type of soil, weather conditions and terrain, as a result of which the fire area can reach 10,000-35,000 ^m2 .

Spilled oil spreads fire not only to nearby trains, but also to neighboring warehouses, industrial buildings, and in some cases to buildings in the urban area.

If spilled product enters storm drains or drains, fire may spread to objects located up to 1 km from the incident site.

Accidents of transport involving liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) are especially complex and dangerous.

When railway tanks with liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) explode, a torch is emitted to a height of 120-150 m, followed by flame combustion up to 50 m high. Fragments of exploded tanks are scattered over a distance of up to 150 m, and in some cases up to 450 m. Sometimes the explosion tears the tank off the railway platform and throws it at a distance of up to 80 m. All this leads to the emergence of new fires and the re-ignition of spilled flammable liquids.

Stationary railway transport facilities pose significantly less danger compared to mobile railway transport. Fires and accidents at these facilities are less labor-intensive to eliminate and are not fundamentally different from fires in administrative, industrial and warehouse buildings located within the boundaries of populated areas.

However, in case of fires at station facilities, damage to tanks and containers with toxic gases and liquids located at the station or passing through the station is also possible, which leads to gas contamination of the territory and difficulty in combat operations until the fires are extinguished and necessitates the evacuation of the population from areas adjacent to the scene of the incident.

On electrified sections of roads, exposure to an open flame causes electrical contact wires to break within 8-10 minutes.

Fires in passenger cars pose the greatest danger to people. The speed of flame spread in passenger cars along the corridor is 5 m/min, along the compartment - 2.5 m/min. Within 15-20 minutes, the entire carriage is completely engulfed in fire. The temperature in the car rises to 850°C, and the flame temperature reaches more than 1000°C.

The required evacuation time for passengers is 1.5-2 minutes before the main exits are blocked.

The heat flux density at a distance of 9-10 m reaches 10 kW/ ^m2 , which leads to the burning of rolling stock and ignition of solid combustible materials in gondola cars and on platforms located on adjacent tracks.

Extinguishing fires in mobile railway transport is usually complicated by:

high fire load, explosion, fire, chemical hazard of transported large-tonnage cargo;

accumulation of a large number of rolling stock with various cargoes on the railway tracks;

rapid spread of fire inside freight cars and spread of fire to adjacent cars, tanks, buildings and structures;

spills of flammable, combustible, poisonous and toxic liquids from tanks with the formation of gas-polluted areas in the adjacent territory;

the presence of a threat to people in burning and neighboring cars, production personnel and the population, causing panic;

the presence of a large number of tracks and the constant movement of trains and locomotives along them;

limited access to burning rolling stock and the difficulty of laying hose lines;

absence or remoteness of water sources;

air shock wave of explosions, the resulting cloud of fuel-air mixtures of LPG and flammable liquids, the mechanical impact of fragments of tanks formed during the explosion [Krupenin, S.S. Development of the system and organization of work to ensure fire safety in railway transport / S.S. Krupenin, K.B. Kuznetsov // Science and technology of transport. - 2004. - No. 4. - P. 16-29. 1].

In this regard, the development of effective fire-fighting equipment for railway transport is extremely important.

The history of the appearance and development of fire trains in Russia began in 1921, when, in accordance with the Decree of the Council of Labor and Defense, fire trains were organized on railways within 7 regions of the RSFSR, uniting 5-6 provinces each. They served as combat crews in Moscow, Bologoye, Vologda, Smolensk, Kursk, Samara and Yekaterinburg. These trains were equipped with steam pumps, the necessary fire-fighting equipment and tools.

From that moment on, the era of creating firefighting trains in railway transport began. For example, already in 1927, an order was issued on the Murmansk Railway (now Oktyabrskaya) to put into effect the Regulations on Fire Trains.

This Regulation contained a project for a fire train based on an American carriage. The list of items, equipment, accessories and materials for this type of fire train included a steam engine or motor pump, 2 water tanks with a total capacity of 1,500 buckets, 1,000 meters of fire hoses and other fire-fighting equipment.

Practice shows that the most complex and dangerous accidents are those involving fire, because... Elimination of the consequences of an accident is associated, first of all, with the need to eliminate combustion.

Only after extinguishing the fire is it possible to carry out full-fledged work to eliminate its consequences and restore traffic in the damaged area.

A study of numerous cases of accidents involving fire has shown that as a result of combustion, the emergency situation is aggravated, and in the event of failure to take effective measures to combat the fire, it is the development of the fire that creates conditions under which the size and consequences of the accident increase significantly.

The relevance of fire trains with effective fire extinguishing means is confirmed by the presence of a large number of dangerous goods, which are daily and continuously transported by rail both across the territory of the Russian Federation and to countries bordering the territory of Russia (Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, etc.).

It is necessary to take into account that railway tracks pass not only through populated areas, but also through forest, swampy and mountainous areas, where the movement of road transport is difficult and sometimes impossible.

Fire departments of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia are located mainly in large populated areas. Their travel radius is limited by the presence of well-maintained highways and dirt roads. And in winter - the presence of snow removal equipment.

Unlike road transport, fire trains can move freely along railway tracks during fires and other emergencies, regardless of the terrain they cross. And to combat snow drifts, railway transport is equipped with special snow removal equipment.

Keeping firefighting trains in constant combat readiness is an integral part of railway traffic safety.

Therefore, even now, in the modern period of structural reforms of railway transport, in particular the transformation of the structure of the Departmental Security Directorate of the Ministry of Railways of the Russian Federation, the issue of preserving fire trains, increasing their tactical and technical capabilities and combat readiness remains extremely relevant [Order of JSC Russian Railways dated December 28 .2010 No. 2754r. Regulations “Operation and Maintenance of Fire Trains at JSC Russian Railways”].

A fire and rescue train LRZ NT of Swiss railway companies is known for working in tunnels, consisting of two sections - a section for fire extinguishing and a section for evacuating people, the first section includes a car with fire extinguishing equipment and a tank car, the second section includes two rescue cars. The first section has three fire protection systems: water with water supply to the fire monitor on the roof; foam with foam supplied through hoses to the nozzle on the roof and foam with foam supplied under pressure through hoses to the manual fire nozzle; fire monitors or hydraulic monitors are installed at both ends of the fire extinguishing section; to coordinate rescue actions in poor visibility conditions, the train has at least one thermal imaging camera mounted in the head of the train, which can be moved some distance from the train using an extended cable; each train car has the ability to operate independently on autonomous traction (“Fire and rescue train for work in tunnels of transalpine communications,” Railways of the World, 2007, No. 2, pp. 47-49).

The disadvantages of the LRZ NT fire and rescue train are:

the presence of only one tank car in a train can provide fire extinguishing only for a short time (no more than 10 minutes) and in limited spaces, for example in tunnels, industrial premises and is not effective in extinguishing fires in large open spaces, for example forest fires, flammable fires materials requiring large volumes of water and other extinguishing materials;

when extinguishing a fire using fire monitors in the head car, dangerous situations can be created for the train's operating personnel.

A firefighting train for fighting fires is known, including a carriage with fire extinguishing equipment and firefighting personnel, on the roof of which there is a hatch, at least one vertical sliding lifting device on which a device for spraying liquid is located; pumps (motor pumps) and pipelines for supplying liquid from a water source to a device for spraying liquid, a diesel electric generator with fuel tanks and an isolated safe room for housing fire personnel and electronic equipment; the device for spraying liquid contains a rotating water cannon controlled by a firefighter; the water source is a railway tank car or a natural reservoir; the car with the equipment is directly connected to the locomotive or to the tank car (US application for invention No. 2010/0083868, class B61D 15/00, B05B 9/00, publ. 04/08/2010).

The disadvantages of the fire train according to US No. 2010/0083868 are:

the location of the hatch for installing a rotary gun on the roof of the car with equipment in the work area of fire personnel and electronic equipment, this significantly reduces its protection from smoke and combustion elements and the safety of work of fire personnel, and also reduces the usable area of the car with equipment;

the need for fire personnel to be at the rotary gun in an area of high temperature and smoke, this worsens the conditions and reduces the safety of their work;

The lack of equipment for prompt and effective fire extinguishing in tunnels and industrial premises, as well as at large distances from the fire, reduces the efficiency of using a fire train.

A fire train pumping car is known, including a railway car with a base mounted on running bogies with wheels and couplings, pumps and pipelines for supplying liquid from at least one tank car to a device for spraying liquid with a rotating water gun, insulated with a safe a room for housing fire personnel and electronic equipment, a foam concentrate container, equipment for quickly extinguishing large fires, boiler rooms and a sanitary unit. There is an entrance door on each side wall of the car. A device for spraying liquid with a rotating water cannon is installed on the tank car on the side of the fire source with manual or remote control of the fire extinguishing process from the operational control post of the pump car station or using manual fire nozzles. Under the floor of the pumping station car there is a diesel electric generator, fuel tanks and racks for firefighting equipment. The invention increases the efficiency of the pumping station car and increases the safety of the operating personnel [RU 2012110014/11 B61D15/00, publ. 07/10/2013, Bulletin. No. 19].

The disadvantages of the fire train pumping station according to RU 2012110014 are limited functionality, a relatively small range and power of the fire extinguishing agent jet, as well as insignificant water reserves, which limit the ability to extinguish large-scale fires.

The closest in technical essence and achieved technical result (prototype) is a fire train, including at least one locomotive, a car with fire extinguishing equipment and fire personnel, with motor pumps and pipelines for supplying liquid from at least one tank car for liquid to at least than one device for extinguishing a fire and spraying liquid through a rotating water cannon. The equipment car contains an electric generator and an isolated safe room for housing fire personnel and electronic equipment, which, to increase safety and improve working conditions for fire personnel and increase the efficiency of using the fire train, is additionally equipped with a platform for extinguishing fires in tunnels, industrial premises and over long distances from the source of the fire, containing a radio-controlled fire robot with a descent to the ground with a controlled movement drive for supplying water over significant distances, a foam fire extinguishing module for rapid fire extinguishing, a container for foam concentrate, a container with fire equipment and a spotlight mounted on a telescopic support with the ability to rotate 360°; a device for extinguishing a fire and spraying liquid by means of a rotary water cannon is installed on the upper surface of the tank car with controlled drives for turning the rotary gun in the horizontal and vertical planes; the car with the equipment is additionally equipped with a tank with a foam concentrate and an isolated safe room with equipment for automatic or remote control of a rotating water cannon, external video cameras with video recording and output to a monitor; racks for small fire-fighting tools are installed at the end of the car with the equipment [RU 2454341, B61D15/00 , publ. 06/27/2012 Bulletin. No. 18 (prototype)].

Common technical disadvantages of the known analogues and the prototype are limited functionality, a relatively small range and power of the fire extinguishing agent jet, as well as insignificant water reserves, which limit the possibility of extinguishing large-scale fires on railway rolling stock and on stationary railway transport facilities, when eliminating the consequences of emergency situations with rolling stock. railway trains carrying dangerous goods of III-IV hazard classes, when extinguishing fires and carrying out emergency rescue operations at facilities not related to railway transport, but located near railways, in particular when carrying out emergency rescue operations in areas of natural and man-made emergency situations character.

Problem and technical result

Known fire extinguishing means usually provide the formation and supply of only separate jets of water, sprayed water or foam only to certain, point fire locations, which is effective when extinguishing small fires in low-rise residential and industrial buildings in urban and rural settlements, when extinguishing small forest, road and other landscape fires. This does not allow for controlled, rapid and uniform coverage of the entire area of large-scale fires with foam from remote distances, which, in turn, significantly reduces the efficiency and speed of extinguishing large fires.

At the same time, it is known that when extinguishing large-scale emergency transport and emergency industrial fires, controlled, rapid and uniform coverage of the entire fire-hazardous area with fire extinguishing agents is required, preferably water-air (air-mechanical) foam of medium expansion with a multiplicity of 30 + 10 from the most distant positions.

The technical problem (inventive problem) to which the claimed invention is aimed is the need to prevent fires and explosions, reduce the intensity of combustion and extinguish fires, then stop them through the rapid formation and long-range distribution of water-air (air-mechanical) foam with a multiplicity of 30 ± 10 on large areas of fire of flammable liquids, solid combustible materials, where to prevent fires and extinguish fires, prompt coverage of the entire fire-hazardous area with a fire extinguishing agent is required, as well as cooling and/or fire protection of machinery, equipment, flammable and explosive materials, buildings and structures.

The technical result achieved by the implementation and use of the invention is to increase the efficiency of fire extinguishing and emergency response during the prompt stopping and extinguishing of large fires and the elimination of accidents on railways, as well as at stationary railway facilities remote from railway tracks, during emergency rescue operations and liquidation of the consequences of accidents and emergencies of a natural and man-made nature on railways and at facilities, enterprises and organizations that are not related to railway transport, but are within the tactical and technical capabilities of the fire fighting equipment of a fire train.

Disclosure of the invention

A characteristic feature of the water-foam fire extinguishing devices used in an autonomous container-type fire module is the ability to generate and jointly supply, under pressure, contacting jets of air-mechanical hybrid foam and low-expansion air-mechanical foam to produce a single jet or jets of combined hybrid foam with an expansion of 30 ± 10 of increased power and range, which this has been proven by full-scale tests and are suitable for extinguishing almost all types of flammable liquids (FLL) and flammable liquids (FL), including liquefied hydrocarbon and natural gases (LPG and LNG), which, as is known, cannot be extinguished with water jets.

The stated task (problem) is solved and the required technical result is achieved by the fact that it is achieved by the fact that

fire train comprising at least one locomotive, at least one tank containing fire extinguishing liquid and a railway platform with fire extinguishing equipment

as a fire extinguishing means, it contains an autonomous fire module installed on a railway platform based on a cargo transportation container with side external doors and end lifting gates,

on the roof of which at least one water-foam fire extinguishing device is installed with the possibility of manual and/or remote control of turns in the vertical and horizontal planes and with the ability to form and jointly supply under the pressure of contacting jets of air-mechanical hybrid foam with an expansion ratio of 25-50 and low expansion air-mechanical foam with multiplicity of 5-10 with the possibility of obtaining a single jet of combined hybrid foam with multiplicity of 30 + 10 increased power and range,

and inside which are located

pump with diesel or electric motor with manual and/or remote control,

at least one foam concentrate container,

device for mixing water with foaming agent,

at least one device for winding/unwinding and storing fire hoses in reels with the ability to move inside the container and rotate the reels with fire hoses towards the required door or gate of the container,

a system of suction and pressure pipelines of fire extinguishing liquid with shut-off, control and connecting fittings and a drainage device with a shutter and quick-release connection means/disconnection of water supply hoses from water tank cars or external water sources, designed with the possibility of hydraulic communication with water sources, a pump, a device for mixing water with a foaming agent and connection pipes for water-foam fire extinguishing devices and fire hoses.

In this case, an autonomous fire module in a fire train may contain

two containers located on the roof and connected to pressure pipelines of water-foam fire extinguishing devices with the possibility of pressure supply of multidirectional or co-directional (unidirectional) jets of combined air-mechanical hybrid foam of increased power and range

under pressure 0.8 - 1.2 MPa

at a distance of up to 100 - 140 m with a flow rate of an aqueous foam solution from 30 to 333 l/s

with a foam capacity of 30 ± 10 up to 540,000 l/min.

In addition, an autonomous fire module in a fire train may contain

video surveillance equipment and a remote control system for the operation of the pump and water-foam fire extinguishing devices, capable of manual control or remote control via radio signals and/or the Internet,

power supply and lighting system using batteries and/or an autonomous electric generator with manual and/or remote control,

ventilation and cooling system with manual and/or remote control,

an additional container connected to it by communication, control and power supply lines installed on the same or another platform with the ability to accommodate personnel workplaces, a video surveillance and remote control panel, storage areas for personal protective equipment and ambulance equipment, manual fire extinguishing equipment and an auxiliary and manual firefighter equipment and inventory, refrigeration and/or ventilation units and electric generator..

As a container for cargo transportation, the autonomous fire module contains a 40-foot container for cargo transportation of ISO class or a container of type 1AA (1A) in accordance with GOST R53350-2009,

the internal walls of which are thermally insulated with a layer of mineral wool and covered with metal panels, cabinets are installed inside the container to accommodate standard firefighting equipment and inventory, and external lighting spotlights with manual and remote control are installed on the roof of the container.

The device for mixing water with a foaming agent in the autonomous fire module is designed with the ability to prepare a 3 - 6% aqueous solution of the foaming agent and supply it to pressure pipelines.

At the same time, the autonomous fire module

manufactured with the ability to connect and use additional fire extinguishing means in the form of additional fire modules and/or robotic devices with auxiliary gas, aerosol, powder and/or solid foam fire extinguishing devices based on structured silica particles with the possibility of their joint functioning, control and use during emergency situations - rescue work and fire fighting,

contains an additional container connected to it by communication, control and power supply lines, installed on the same or another platform with the possibility of placing in it personnel workplaces, a video surveillance and remote control panel, storage areas for personal protective equipment and emergency medical care, manual fire extinguishing equipment and auxiliary and manual fire fighting equipment and inventory, refrigeration and/or ventilation units and an electric generator.

manufactured with the ability to be transported by transport carrying standard containers for cargo transportation.

This set of general and specific essential features of the invention can significantly increase the efficiency of fire extinguishing and emergency response when using the proposed fire train with an autonomous container-type fire module for the rapid suppression and extinguishing of large fires and accidents on railways, as well as at stationary objects remote from railway tracks railway transport, during rescue operations and liquidation of the consequences of emergencies and emergencies of a natural and man-made nature on railways and at facilities, enterprises and organizations not related to railway transport, but located within the tactical and technical capabilities of the fire fighting equipment of a fire train , which was practically proven during full-scale testing of a pilot industrial model of a fire train in the Russian Railways system.

Brief description of drawings

The technical essence and design features of the proposed invention are illustrated by drawings and photographs, in which the individual elements, parts and assemblies of the proposed invention are shown by item numbers, indicating their possible preferential, but not mandatory implementation: 1 - standard container for cargo transportation; 2 - diesel pump unit, 3 - exhaust gas muffler of the diesel pump unit; 4 - a modified water-foam fire extinguishing device with remote control in the operating position with the possibility of remotely controlled rotations in the vertical and horizontal planes and with the ability to supply jets of combined hybrid foam under pressure; 5 - additional fire extinguishing equipment installed on the roof of the container; 6 - ventilation blinds; 7 - side door; 8 remote control for opening doors remotely; 9 - trolley for transporting auxiliary fire equipment; 10 - autonomous power plant for emergency generation and supply of electricity; 11 - floodlights; 12 - damper; 13 and 14 - cabinets for fire equipment and inventory; 15 - battery for automated starting of the diesel pump unit and emergency lighting; 16 - carbon dioxide fire extinguisher; 17 - electric heater; 18 - electrical distribution boards; 19 - lamps; 20 - foam mixer; 21 - pipeline system; 22 - container for foam concentrate; 23 - devices for winding/unwinding and storing fire hoses in reels; 24 - mechanism for raising the water-foam fire extinguishing device to the working position; 25 - ladder for climbing to the roof of the container; 26 - railings; 27 - lower windows for water supply hoses to the diesel pump unit from tank cars with water or from third-party water sources; 28 - lanyard for moving reels with fire hoses inside the container; 29 - end door; 30 - garage doors; 32 - pressure pipelines for supplying fire extinguishing liquid (water or an aqueous solution of a foaming agent) to water-foam fire extinguishing devices with the possibility of controlled rotations in the vertical and horizontal planes and with the ability to form and supply jets of combined air-mechanical hybrid foam under pressure; 33 - pressure pipelines for supplying fire extinguishing liquid (water or an aqueous solution of foam concentrate) to fire hoses; 34 - suction pipelines with terminal pipes for connection via hoses to water tank cars and/or to external water supply sources; 35 - modified fire extinguishing device with remote control in transport position.

In fig. 1, 2 and 3, respectively, show sections of a prototype of an autonomous fire module as part of a fire train in vertical and horizontal planes and its top view.

In fig. 4 and 5 show a general view of a container-type autonomous fire module on a railway platform as part of a fire train.

In fig. 6 - photo of a diesel pump unit with a diesel engine, a centrifugal pump and shut-off and control valves on the suction and pressure pipes of the centrifugal pump.

In fig. 7 - photo of a modified water-foam fire extinguishing device installed on the roof of a container with a remote control of the UKTP “Blizzard 100” type manufactured by the applicant LLC NPO SOPOT with the possibility of remotely controlled rotations in the vertical and horizontal planes and with the possibility of formation and co-flow under the pressure of contacting air-mechanical jets hybrid foam and air-mechanical foam of low expansion to obtain a single jet of combined hybrid foam with an expansion of 20-40 and a range of up to 100 m.

In fig. 8 and 9 - photos of an additional water-foam fire extinguishing installation installed on the roof of the container, type UKTP "Purga 100" and UKTP "Purga 300" produced by the applicant LLC "NPO "SOPOT" with remote control with the possibility of controlled turns in the vertical and horizontal planes and with the possibility of forming and supply under pressure of jets of combined air-mechanical hybrid foam with a multiplicity of 20-40 at a distance of up to 140 m.

In fig. 10 - photo of an ejection device for mixing water with a foaming agent with remote controls.

In fig. 11 - photo of containers with foaming agent.

In fig. 12 - photo of devices for winding/unwinding and storing fire hoses in reels with the ability to move inside the container using a rail lanyard.

In fig. 13 - photo of an element of the original drainage unit, made with the possibility of connecting its upper part to the suction-drain part of the water supply pipeline system to a centrifugal pump and connecting the side parts to the water supply hoses from the water tanks of the fire train or from third-party water supply sources.

In fig. 14 - photo of the drainage unit of the suction-drain part of the pipeline system when connecting it to a water supply hose from a water tank of a fire train or from a third-party water supply source.

In fig. 15 - photo of the manual control panels of the water mixing device with the foaming agent and the power supply system and main and emergency lighting in a closed state.

In fig. 16 - photo of the manual control panels of the water mixing device with the foaming agent and the power supply system and the main and emergency lighting in the open state.

In fig. 17 and 18 - photos of full-scale tests of the functioning of a prototype of an autonomous container-type fire module as part of a fire train.

Carrying out the invention

The characteristic distinctive features and capabilities of the proposed fire train with an autonomous container-type fire module are:

the ability of an autonomous fire module to immediately go into operation and provide under the pressure of jets of combined air-mechanical hybrid foam with a multiplicity of 20-40 with an increased experimentally proven range of jets up to 100 - 140 m and a practically proven increase in extinguishing speed by two to three times compared to traditional and known ones means of fighting large-scale fires of flammable liquids (FLL), flammable liquids (FL) and liquefied carbon gases (LCG);

the possibility of simultaneous use of several water-foam fire extinguishing devices with manual and remote control with the possibility of controlled rotations in the vertical and horizontal planes and with the ability to form and supply under pressure several multidirectional or co-directional jets of combined air-mechanical hybrid foam, allowing to effectively extinguish various types of fires of various flammable and explosive materials ;

the ability to connect fire extinguishing equipment to a tank car or to several water tank cars as part of a fire train or to third-party water sources in combination with a large (10,000 l) supply of foaming agent, making it possible to eliminate large fires and accidents over large areas within the standard extinguishing time ;

the presence in the fire extinguishing equipment of a set of reels with fire hoses, allowing the laying of hose lines at a distance of up to 800 m in the desired direction;

the ability to connect stations, station and other facilities to the power grid, consuming electricity from them or supplying electricity to them,

the presence of video surveillance and remote control of the operation of a centrifugal pump, water-foam fire extinguishing devices and water mixing devices, made with the ability to control via radio signals and/or the Internet,

Availability of an autonomous power supply and heating system.

Features of the design and practical implementation of an autonomous fire module as part of a fire train are shown in detail in the drawings.

The container-type autonomous fire module used as part of the proposed fire train is mainly manufactured on the basis of a standard cargo container (1), for example, type 1AA (1A) or a 40-foot container according to the ISO system, the inner walls of which are insulated with heat-insulating material (mineral wool) and covered with metal panels.

On the top surface of the container (1) there are

at least one floodlight (11) with remote control and

communicating with the pressure pipeline (32) at least one water-foam fire extinguishing device (4) of the type of combined fire extinguishing installation UKTP "Purga" produced by the applicant LLC "NPO "SOPOT" (Fig. 4, 5, 7) with remote control with the possibility of controlled turns in vertical and horizontal planes and with the ability to supply combined jets of air-mechanical hybrid foam (Fig. 1, 2, 4, 7).

In the initial, transport position, the Purga UKTP (4) can be lowered and fixed from the end wall of the container (Fig. 1).

The Purga UKTP is transferred to the working vertical position and from the working position to the initial transport position by the operator using the lifting mechanism (24).

At least one more water-foam fire extinguishing device (5) connected to the pressure pipeline (21) can also be additionally installed on the upper surface of the container (1), for example, in the form of a combined fire extinguishing installation (5), for example, of the UKTP “Blizzard 30” type, or UKTP "Blizzard 80" (Fig. 1, 3, 8) manufactured by the applicant LLC "NPO "SOPOT" with remote control with the possibility of controlled turns in the vertical and horizontal planes and with the ability to form and supply under the pressure of jets of combined air-mechanical hybrid foam.

Pressure pipelines for supplying fire extinguishing liquid (water or an aqueous solution of a foaming agent) 32 can be located both outside along the roof of the container (Fig. 1, 3) and inside under the roof of the container (not shown in the drawings.

The safety of service personnel on the roof of the container is ensured by railings (26) (Fig. 1, 4) and the possibility of lifting personnel to the roof of the container is provided by ladders (25) (Fig. 2, 3, 4, 5, 7)

Inside the container (1) there are (in the presented design version):

diesel pump unit (2) (Fig. 1, 2, 6), for example, type AN720/120SC as part of a diesel engine - DC965A10-95 Cadoppi with a power of 315 kW (428 hp), centrifugal pump CS-M200 520BC SCANIA ensuring the supply of fire extinguishing liquid (water or an aqueous solution of a foaming agent) to the pipeline system under a pressure of 0.8 - 1.2 MPa with an adjustable capacity of up to 200 l/s (720 m3/hour);

at least one or more containers for foaming agent (22) with a capacity of up to 1000 liters each (Fig. 1, 2, 10);

cabinets (13, 14) with standard fire-fighting equipment and manual equipment (Fig. 1), for example, in the form of combined fire extinguishing installations of the UKTP “Purga 5” and/or UKTP “Purga 7” type attached to fire hoses, or mobile combined fire extinguishing installations of the UKTP "Purga-30" type manufactured by the applicant LLC "NPO "SOPOT";

devices for winding and storing fire hoses in reels (23), made with the ability to move them inside the container and rotate the reels with fire hoses by means of a lanyard 28 towards the required side door or end lift gate (Fig. 1, 2, 11), and on The four coils shown in the drawings ( (Fig. 1, 2, 11) can accommodate 40 fire hoses ∅ 51 mm, 40 fire hoses ∅ 60 mm; 20 fire hoses ∅ 51 mm, one coil can be made as a backup, with the ability to unwind the hoses from the coils through open adjacent lower windows or opposite side doors ;

a device for mixing water with a foaming agent (20) in the form of a water-jet ejector with means of remote control of foam mixing with the ability to prepare a 3 - 6% aqueous solution of a synthetic foaming agent, mainly PO 6-TsT (Fig. 1, 9);

pipeline system (21) of fire extinguishing liquid with shut-off, control and connecting fittings, designed for hydraulic communication with water sources, a centrifugal pump, a device for mixing water with a foam concentrate and connection pipes for water-foam fire extinguishing devices with remote control and fire hoses with manual fire extinguishing equipment (Fig. . 12);

electric generator with a system of power supply lines, main and emergency lighting;

Outside the container (1) along and in the lower part of its sides (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) or inside along the floor of the container there are suction pipelines (34) communicating with the centrifugal pump with terminal pipes for connection via hoses to the cars - water tanks and/or external water supplies.

In addition, the pipeline system contains an original drainage unit, made with the possibility of connecting it at the top to the suction-drain part of the water supply pipeline system to the centrifugal pump and with the possibility of connecting the side parts to the water supply hoses from the water tanks of the fire train or from third-party sources water supply

The autonomous fire module is designed with the ability to supply water or an aqueous foam solution to third-party manual and robotic installations of various modifications and designs with water solution flow rates from 5 to 200 l/s and an average foam expansion capacity of up to 360,000 l/min.

The stationary combined fire extinguishing installation UKTP "Purga-100" with remote control with a capacity of 100 l/s provides a range of jets of combined air-mechanical hybrid foam with a multiplicity of 30 + 10 up to 100-140 m.

The auxiliary fire extinguishing device included in the autonomous fire module (in the design version presented) in the form of a combined fire installation UKTP "Purga" 40 has a capacity of 40 l/s; spray water supply range 50 m; low and medium expansion foam supply range is 45-50 m.

The applicant manufactured and tested on the Russian Railways a pilot industrial model of an autonomous fire module with the following tactical and technical characteristics:

Engine power of diesel pump unit 315 kW (428 hp) Fuel reserve for 3 hours of work Centrifugal pump performance 200 l/s (720 m3/hour) Pressure 120 m Discharge pipe diameter 200 mm Suction pipe diameter 250 mm Foaming agent capacity 10 m ³ Sleeves with a diameter of 51 mm 800 m Sleeves with a diameter of 66 mm 800 m Sleeves with a diameter of 77 mm 400 m Outdoor floodlights 2x1000 W Weight with equipment (without foaming agent) about 15,000 kg Overall dimensions (LxWxH) 12,192x2,438x2,591 m

An autonomous fire module as part of a fire train according to the invention functions as follows:

Using appropriate hoses, the pipeline system is connected to the tank car or to water tank cars or other third-party water sources, from where water is supplied through intake pipelines and a suction pipeline to the pump.

By means of a starter, the engine of the diesel pump unit shown in the drawings is started from its own battery, or (not shown in the drawings) the electric motor of the pump is turned on by means of an electric generator.

The pump supplies water under pressure into pressure pipelines with shut-off and control valves and pressure control gauges and, passing through a foam mixer (a device for mixing foam concentrate with water), it is supplied under pressure into pressure pipelines with connections for water-foam fire extinguishing devices and fire hoses.

The foam mixer is turned on using the appropriate tap, when opened, the foaming agent from the foaming agent tanks is sucked into the pressure pipeline by ejection to obtain an aqueous solution of the foaming agent of the required concentration.

Then water or an aqueous solution of a foaming agent is directed through separate pressure pipelines to water-foam fire extinguishing devices located on the roof of the container and/or through attached fire hoses to manual fire extinguishing equipment.

The operation of individual components of equipment is carried out in the usual manner in accordance with the operating instructions for the relevant equipment and systems by specially trained personnel.

Devices, equipment, remote control systems, video surveillance, power supply and lighting systems that are known and used in firefighting equipment can be used as separate mechanisms, components and systems in an autonomous fire module.

A characteristic feature of the invention is the possibility of simultaneous generation and delivery under pressure of several multidirectional or co-directional (unidirectional) jets of combined air-mechanical hybrid foam of increased power and range, allowing to effectively extinguish various types of fires and various flammable and explosive materials with appropriate fire extinguishing liquids for prompt relief and extinguishing major fires and accidents on railways and in tunnels, as well as on stationary railway transport facilities remote from railway tracks, carrying out emergency rescue operations and eliminating the consequences of emergencies and emergencies of a natural and man-made nature on railways and at facilities, enterprises and organizations that are not related to railway transport, but are within the tactical and technical capabilities of the fire fighting equipment of a fire train.

In addition, through the appropriate pipelines and fire hoses, various additional fire extinguishing equipment in the form of manual, portable and mobile fire extinguishing equipment and auxiliary and manual firefighting equipment can be connected and used in the process of extinguishing a fire .

It is known that air-mechanical foam is the most effective and widely used fire extinguishing agent, which is a dispersed system consisting of cells - air (gas) bubbles, separated by films of liquid containing a foaming agent [GOST R 50588-2012. Foaming agents for extinguishing fires. General technical requirements and test methods].

The ratio of the volumes of the gas and liquid phases (per unit volume) of the foam determines the structure and its properties. If the volume of the gas phase _Vg exceeds the liquid volume _Vg by no more than 10-20 times (low expansion foam), the foam cells filled with gas have a spherical shape. In such foams, gas bubbles are surrounded by liquid shells of relatively large thickness. Spherical foams are characterized by a high liquid content and, therefore, low stability. Therefore, they are classified as metastable (conditionally stable).

In unstable foams, the so-called Plateau effect is observed: the liquid phase is removed from the partitions, flowing out under the influence of gravity, and rapid coalescence occurs (from the Latin coalesce - merging, uniting) - the merging of touching gas bubbles. In foam, a gas bubble cannot move freely in either a vertical or horizontal plane. It is as if “sandwiched” by other bubbles adjacent to it.

With an increase in the V _g /V _l ratio, the thickness of the liquid film separating the gas volumes decreases, and the gas cavity loses its spherical shape. Medium expansion foams, in which the V _g / V _l ratio is several tens or even hundreds, have a multifaceted shape. Moreover, the shape of polyhedra can be different - triangular prisms, tetrahedrons, irregularly shaped parallelepipeds. During the aging process of the foam, the spherical shape of the cells becomes multifaceted. Multifaceted foams are characterized by a low liquid phase content and are characterized by high stability. In such foams, individual bubbles are brought together and separated by thin “stretched elastic films.” These films, due to their elasticity and a number of other factors, prevent the coalescence of gas bubbles. As the separating films become thinner, the bubbles come closer together, adjacent to each other and acquire a clear polyhedral shape [Bobkov S.A., Baburin A.V., Komrakov P.V. Physico-chemical foundations of the development and extinguishing of fires: textbook. manual / M.: Academy of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, 2014. - 210 pp.].

The main physical and chemical properties of the foam are:

multiplicity - the ratio of the volume of foam to the volume of the foaming agent solution contained in the foam;

dispersion - the degree of grinding of bubbles (size of bubbles);

viscosity - the ability of foam to spread over a surface;

durability - the ability of foam to resist the process of destruction [ibid.].

Depending on the expansion ratio (K), foams are divided into four groups:

foam emulsions, K < 3;

low expansion foams, 3 < K < 20;

medium expansion foam, 20 < K < 200;

high expansion foam, K > 200 [ Sharovarnikov A.F., Sharovarnikov S.A. Foaming agents and fire extinguishing foams. Composition, properties, application. M.: Pozhnauka, 2005. - 335 p.].

The dispersion of the foam is inversely proportional to the average diameter of the bubbles.

It is known that the higher the dispersion, the higher the foam resistance and fire extinguishing efficiency. The degree of foam dispersion largely depends on the conditions for its production, including the characteristics of the equipment. The expansion ratio and dispersion of the foam determine the insulating ability of the foam and its fluidity. [Bobkov S.A., Baburin A.V., Komrakov P.V. Physico-chemical foundations of the development and extinguishing of fires: textbook. manual / M.: Academy of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, 2014. - 210 pp.].

The fire extinguishing properties of foam are:

insulating effect - preventing the entry of flammable vapors, gases or air into the combustion zone, causing the cessation of combustion;

cooling effect - due to the presence of a significant amount of liquid in predominantly low expansion foam.

The cooling effect of foam is due to the water released from the foam.

The insulating effect is due to the formation of a foam layer that prevents oxygen from reaching the fire zone, including:

separation effect, which consists in isolating the liquid from the vapor phase;

the displacement effect causing the isolation of the flammable substance from the air;

blocking effect in which foam prevents the evaporation of a flammable liquid.

Low expansion foams (3 < K < 20) Due to the significant amount of water in the interbubble partitions (in the Plateau-Gibbs channels), they predominantly exhibit a cooling fire extinguishing effect, which is caused by the cooling effect of the foam itself and the water released from the foam.

Medium expansion foam (20 < K < 200) Due to the insignificant amount of water in the interbubble partitions (in the Plateau-Gibbs channels), they predominantly exhibit an insulating fire extinguishing effect, which is caused by the creation of an atmosphere depleted in oxygen and saturated with water vapor above the combustion zone, which helps slow down and completely stop the combustion.

At the same time, due to the larger amount of water present in low-expansion foam and, accordingly, the greater density (weight per unit volume), low-expansion foam compared to medium-expansion foams can be supplied from longer distances, which significantly affects the safety of fire personnel during large-scale and explosive accidents with liquefied gases.

A characteristic distinctive feature of the proposed technical solutions is the production and use of combined hybrid water-air foam with a multiplicity of 20 to 40, obtained from the hybrid foam as a result of turbulent shockless mixing in the process of comoving jets of air-mechanical foam of low expansion with a multiplicity of 5 to 15 and jets of air- mechanical foam of medium expansion with expansion from 25 to 70.

The authors in the applicant’s laboratory have experimentally established and theoretically substantiated that water-air hybrid foam with a multiplicity of 20 to 40, obtained on specially modernized equipment as a result of turbulent shockless mixing in the process of coaxial movement of coaxial contacting or mutually intersecting jets of air-mechanical foam with a multiplicity of 5 to 15 and jets of air-mechanical foam with an expansion ratio from 25 to 70 are significantly different in their structure, viscosity, dispersion, rheological, thixotropic and other properties significant for explosion prevention and fire extinguishing from the known properties of low and medium expansion foams based on hydrocarbon and fluorine-containing foaming agents.

It was revealed that as a result of turbulent shockless mixing of low-expansion foam bubbles and medium-expansion foam bubbles in the hybrid foam, average-sized foam bubbles are formed, larger in comparison with low-expansion foam bubbles, but with thicker water-containing Plato channels compared to medium-expansion foams -Gibbs.

As experimentally established by the authors, the structure of a hybrid foam with a multiplicity from 20 to 40, resulting from turbulent mixing in the process of co-movement of low air-mechanical foam jets with a multiplicity from 5 to 15 and jets of medium-expansion air-mechanical foam with a multiplicity from 25 to 70 with water-air bubbles unique in their structure and fire-extinguishing properties, it allows not only to better contain the high temperature of the flame without significant destruction of the volume of the hybrid foam itself, that is, to more effectively isolate the surface of the fire, but also to deliver a jet of hybrid foam over much longer distances compared to jets of average foam expansion or combined jets of low expansion and medium expansion foam.

The authors have also experimentally established that when a hybrid foam with a multiplicity of 20 to 40 is exposed to the surface of a liquefied natural or hydrocarbon gas spill, a synergistic effect is manifested due to the simultaneous influence of several factors - cooling, dilution of atmospheric water vapor in the zone of evaporation and combustion of gas, thermal insulation and sharp reducing the concentration of gas and vapor of flammable liquids above the foam layer in the combustion zone until the rate of the chemical reaction decreases and the subsequent decrease in the flame temperature to the extinction temperature.

This is due to the average dispersion and thickening of the water-containing Gibbs-Plateau channels of the hybrid foam compared to low- and medium-expansion foams or compared to foam in combined low- and medium-expansion foam jets.

Full-scale fire tests of the modernized devices developed by the applicant for producing hybrid foam produced by the applicant, modernized barrels and foam generators used in the proposed autonomous fire module, showed high efficiency in fire and explosion prevention and fire suppression of both flammable and combustible liquids and spills of liquefied natural and hydrocarbon gases.

The applicant carried out full-scale fire tests at the test site, where, using the modernized “Purga” combined fire extinguishing installations developed by the applicant, effective extinguishing of a hydrocarbon fuel layer over an area of 1250 m ² was ensured.

As the test results have shown, the modernized PURGA installations developed by the applicant for extinguishing fires provide a soft and smooth supply of hybrid foam to the surface of the burning material at increased distances of up to 150 meters or more without a rough impact on the burning area. that is, without mixing the top layer of fuel with the foam layer.

The multiplicity of the combined air-mechanical hybrid foam produced by the modernized PURGA installations developed by the applicant ranged from 20 to 40 or 30 ± 10.

A synthetic hydrocarbon environmentally friendly foaming agent of the PO-6TS type, produced in Russia, was used. The supply range of the resulting combined air-mechanical hybrid foam was up to 140 m.

Full-scale fire tests of the modernized "Purga" installations developed by the applicant showed that the combined hybrid foam has a significantly softer effect on the combustion surface and greater fire extinguishing efficiency compared to foams from equipment that separately supplies low and medium expansion foams or compared to combined low and medium expansion foams multiplicity.

Authoritative specialists from international organizations present at the tests came to the conclusion that the equipment for “hybrid foam” produced by the applicant LLC NPO SOPOT can become an effective option for the use of foam concentrates and foams that do not contain fluorine.

At the same time, during full-scale tests, the problem of ensuring the supply of hybrid foam from the maximum possible distance was identified and successfully solved, which is successfully solved by the proposed invention

The modified devices used by the applicant for extinguishing large-scale fires and fire-explosion prevention with combined water-air hybrid foam with a multiplicity of 20 to 40 showed the possibility of effectively extinguishing fires with a uniform distribution of hybrid foam over the area of fires of flammable liquids of class B, solid combustible materials of class A, as well as liquefied hydrocarbons and natural gases (LPG and LNG).

The modified devices developed by the applicant can also be used for cooling and/or fire protection of buildings, structures, machinery, equipment, flammable and explosive materials and products, as well as fire and explosion prevention at sites of accidents with fire and explosive materials.

The modified fire extinguishing devices used, developed by the applicant, ensure the creation of single jets of combined water-air hybrid foam with a multiplicity of 20 to 40 with the ability to automatically direct them to the fire extinguishing and explosion prevention zone and with the ability to remotely control the on/off of foam generators and rotation of foam generators in the vertical and horizontal plane, which allows them to be effectively used for extinguishing large-scale fires of classes A and B with foam, as well as liquefied hydrocarbon and natural gases (LPG and LNG), and they are efficient when using all types of domestic and foreign foam concentrates with a concentration of 3 to 6% to obtain low and low foam medium frequency

The devices used, developed by the applicant, have a compact design, are easy to transport and connect to the main pipelines for supplying water or an aqueous solution of a foaming agent; due to the configuration with standard quick-release connections with pressure pipelines, it is possible to use it in conjunction with other fire hydraulic systems and fire hoses.

These used water-foam fire extinguishing devices with combined water-air hybrid foam with a multiplicity of 20 to 40 can be quickly transferred or transported to the required location, quickly assembled and prepared for use in places inaccessible and/or difficult to reach for conventional fire fighting equipment - in industrial enterprises with a particular explosion and fire hazard. , for example, at petrochemical industry enterprises or at enterprises handling LPG and LNG, as well as at emergency chemical hazardous facilities where the release of highly toxic substances is possible, at storage and production facilities for explosives, as well as at facilities where it is necessary to use them as fire extinguishing agent of highly effective foams of low and medium expansion, including combined jets; and can also be effectively used to extinguish various large-scale fires, including fires of liquefied hydrocarbon and natural gases (LPG and LNG)

The main idea of ensuring safety in case of accidents with liquefied flammable gas (LPG and LNG) usually comes down to the rapid, almost instantaneous taking under physical control of the entire free surface of the flowing or spreading fire-explosive liquid of liquefied flammable gas from the moment the process of outflow or spreading begins, with the desirable use of automatic switching systems and managing the process of stopping and eliminating an accident with liquefied flammable gas by accelerating the formation on the surface of a liquefied gas spill of a layer of combined water-air hybrid foam with a multiplicity of 20 to 40, mainly based on a synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agent.

As a technical technique, a technical way to implement this idea of neutralizing or stopping the dangerous factors of accidents of this kind, the idea was accepted (and corresponding technical methods were proposed) of promptly covering the entire free surface of a spill of flammable liquids and liquefied flammable gas (LPG and LNG) with a combined water-air hybrid foam with an expansion ratio from 20 to 40 mainly based on a synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agent of a certain expansion rate, with certain parameters and properties, using certain technical devices, systems and devices.

The parameters, composition and properties of combined hybrid water-air foam with a multiplicity of 20 to 40, mainly based on a synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agent, as well as modes and methods of its supply, have been determined and justified experimentally, taking into account the thermodynamic and thermophysical features of its interaction during its direct contact with the surface of a liquefied liquid spill. combustible gas (LPG and LNG).

The specificity of the problem solved by the invention is that for all other options for the use of air-mechanical and even chemical foams for the purpose of extinguishing fires of flammable liquids (FLL) and flammable liquids (FL) and/or even protecting them from ignition, a very significant role, and When extinguishing fires of flammable liquids (FL), even the dominant role is played by the process of cooling the surface of a burning liquid from its boiling point, to which its surface warms up in the first 3-5 minutes of the fire, to a lower temperature (for the option of extinguishing a fire of flammable liquids (FL) ), generally to a temperature below the flash point.

When extinguishing a fire with flammable liquids (flammable liquids), the temperature of the surface layer of the liquid is reduced to a temperature below its boiling point.

At the same time, in all cases the intensity of evaporation of flammable liquids and gases decreases, the elastic vapor pressure of the burning liquid under the foam layer and their partial pressure decreases. Then the mechanical insulating effect of the foam layer only completes the process of isolating the burning liquid and its vapors from the combustion zone, from the fire flame zone, and the combustion of flammable liquids and gases stops. This is how the process of extinguishing fires of flammable liquids and gases occurs.

The thermophysical picture of the thermal interaction of contacting media when applying air-mechanical foams to the surface of the SG looks significantly different.

The temperature of air-mechanical foam rarely goes beyond +1 to +15°C. This means that the heat difference (thermal pressure) from foam to LPG is about 30-40°C, and for LNG even 150-160°C. Therefore, the process of evaporation of liquefied fuel gas (LPG and LNG), due to the heat flow from the foam, when applied, is not reduced, but, on the contrary, intensified.

Thus, the process of preventing fire (stopping) the process of passage of flammable gas vapors into the above-foam space, into the zone of possible combustion, comes down to the processes of sorption, absorption, retention of the flow of liquefied combustible gas vapors, which, according to the invention, can be provided by a foam layer of a certain composition, a certain thickness and a certain structure.

Due to the fact that the process of destruction of liquid foam, even in the absence of a fire above or below it, proceeds continuously, and part of the foaming agent flows down through the foam and falls on the surface layer of liquefied combustible gas (LPG and LNG), the process of intensifying their evaporation, for The swelling of the “warm” foam solution continues continuously, but can be limited by the ice layer of frozen foam located directly on the surface of the liquefied flammable gas spill; the ice layer of frozen combined water-air foam of low and medium expansion and hybrid foam.

It has been experimentally determined and theoretically substantiated that a special role in the situation of a spill of liquefied flammable gas (LPG and LNG) is played by phase transformations at the interface between the foam/LPG and/or foam/LNG phases (foam/liquefied flammable gas) and the surface layer of liquid substances of liquefied fuel gas

When the liquid phase of the foam comes into contact with the liquid phase of fuel having a temperature of -162°C (with LNG) or -42°C (with LPG), the lower layers of the foam freeze, turning into the solid phase of a certain snow-like structure. Under the layer of frozen snow-like foam, a porous ice substrate begins to form directly on the surface of the liquefied flammable gas spill.

Depending on the dispersion and expansion ratio of the foams used, the physical and chemical nature of the foaming agent solution and the ratio of surface tension forces at the interface, the density, porosity, gas permeability, thermal conductivity and buoyancy of the resulting snow-like layer of frozen foam under the protective layer of liquid foam depend.

Consequently, the heat-insulating and gas-insulating properties of the layered “sandwich” on the surface of a liquefied flammable gas spill depend most significantly on this: vapors of liquefied flammable gas, an ice layer, a layer of frozen gas-saturated foam and a layer of liquid gas-saturated foam or a layer of frozen gas-saturated foam and a layer of liquid gas-saturated foam .

Further parameters of the process of evaporation of the flammable substance of liquefied flammable gas and the penetration of its vapors into the zone of possible controlled combustion above a layer of gas-saturated foam or controlled combustion of gas-saturated foam (the concentration of flammable gas vapors above the foam or the concentration of gas in the foam) depend on the thermophysical properties of the ice layer of frozen foam and the next layer of liquid foam. From their thickness, gas permeability, thermal conductivity, sorption properties of the layer of frozen gas-saturated hybrid foam and the layer of liquid gas-saturated hybrid foam located above.

The authors' research and full-scale fire tests have shown that expensive imported fluorine-containing film-forming foaming agents are the worst known foaming agents for stopping and extinguishing LPG and LNG fires, and the most effective are cheap, environmentally friendly synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agents produced in Russia, for example, synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agents of the PO- type. 6CT.

It has also been established experimentally that it is advisable to use modernized “PURGA” installations manufactured by the applicant as generators of combined air-mechanical hybrid foam for stopping and extinguishing LPG and LNG fires and recycling LPG and LNG spills, which ensure the formation and supply of hybrid foam over a distance of up to 140 meters or more.

A characteristic feature of the proposed invention is the formation and co-current supply of pressure-contacting jets of air-mechanical hybrid foam and low-expansion air-mechanical foam, which have different physical-hydraulic and fire-extinguishing properties, namely, jets of low-expansion air-mechanical foam with a higher kinetic energy potential provide longer delivery combined hybrid foam, which, as shown in detail above, has significantly more effective fire extinguishing properties. At the same time, as a result of co-movement, jets of low expansion foam and hybrid foam are mixed without impact to obtain a single jet of combined hybrid foam with increased power and range

Thus, the water-foam fire extinguishing devices used in the autonomous container-type fire module of the fire train with the ability to form and supply combined jets of air-mechanical hybrid foam under pressure provide a significant increase in the fire extinguishing efficiency of various large-scale fires of various flammable and explosive materials.

Therefore, all general and specific features reflected in the claims are essential and are in a cause-and-effect relationship with the technical result obtained from the use of the invention.

The possibilities of eliminating emergency spills, fire and explosion prevention, stopping and extinguishing fires of spills of flammable liquids (FLL) and flammable liquids (FL), as well as liquefied natural gas or liquefied hydrocarbon gas with combined water-air hybrid foam with an expansion ratio of 20 to 40, have been determined experimentally and practically verified in the process full-scale fire tests.

Full-scale tests in the field showed a confident solution to the actual problem and achievement of the required technical result, namely, the implementation of the present invention makes it possible to increase the efficiency of fire and explosion prevention and extinguishing large-scale emergency transport and industrial accident fires by increasing the range, uniformity and softer distribution of combined water-air hybrid foam in terms of fire area, increasing the safety of the fire extinguishing process and fire and explosion prevention at particularly fire and explosion hazardous facilities and in eliminating technological and transport accidents by preventing fires, explosions, reducing the intensity of combustion and extinguishing fires in the energy, transport, gas production, gas processing and chemical industries.

The use of fire extinguishing agents in the form of combined water-foam jets is due to the need to ensure rapid fire extinguishing at particularly explosive and fire-hazardous objects associated with the rapidity of fire development and the transition of a fire from the initial stage of development in a matter of minutes to catastrophic fires with difficult to predict consequences.

Due to the high kinetic energy characteristics of low-expansion air-mechanical (water-air) foam jets and the increased fire-extinguishing properties of hybrid foam, when obtaining single jets of combined hybrid foam with increased power and range, using the proposed invention provides:

quickly extinguishing various fires over large areas;

extinguishing fires with high thermal energy;

extinguishing large-scale fires from a long distance (up to 140 meters or more) with long-range combined jets of hybrid foam, which is especially significant in cases where it is problematic and impossible to approach the sources of large fires due to transport, high-temperature, explosive and other restrictions,

extinguishing individual fires using additional manual and mobile fire extinguishing equipment and fire hoses with low expansion water-air foam and hybrid foam from a distance of up to 800 m, .

A characteristic feature of the water-foam fire extinguishing devices used is the ability to generate and supply up to 140 m jets of combined water-air hybrid foam, which, as proven by full-scale tests, are suitable for extinguishing almost all types of flammable liquids (flammable liquids) and flammable liquids (FL), including liquefied hydrocarbon and natural gases (LPG and LNG), which, as is known, cannot be extinguished with water jets.

Individual parts and components of the equipment of the claimed invention can be made from materials commonly used in fire-fighting equipment, using conventional equipment using conventional technologies.

A detailed description of the design and operating features of the system proves the industrial applicability of the proposed fire train with the proposed autonomous fire module.

The analysis also shows that all the general and specific features of the invention are essential, since each of them is necessary, and together they are not only sufficient to achieve the purpose of the invention, but also allow the invention to be implemented industrially.

Taking into account the novelty of the set of essential features, the technical solution of the problem, the inventive step and the materiality of all general and particular features of the invention, proven in the section “State of the art” and “Disclosure of the invention”, the technical feasibility and industrial applicability of the invention proven in the section “Implementation of the invention”, solving the stated inventive problem and confidently achieving the required technical result in the implementation and use of the invention, in our opinion, the claimed invention satisfies all the requirements for patentability for inventions.

Claims (32)

1. A fire train, including at least one locomotive, at least one water tank and a railway platform with fire extinguishing means, characterized in that as a fire extinguishing means on a railway platform, the fire train contains an autonomous fire module based on a cargo transportation container with external side doors and end lift gates, on the roof of which at least one water-foam fire extinguishing device is installed with the ability to form and jointly supply under the pressure of contacting jets of air-mechanical hybrid foam and air-mechanical foam of low expansion to obtain a single jet of combined hybrid foam of increased power and range, and inside which are located pump with motor at least one foam concentrate container, device for mixing water with foaming agent, at least one device for winding/unwinding and storing fire hoses in reels with the ability to move inside the container and rotate towards the required door or gate of the container, a system of suction and pressure pipelines of fire extinguishing liquid with shut-off, control and connecting fittings and a drainage device with a shutter and means for quick connection/disconnection of water supply hoses from water tank cars or external water sources, made with the possibility of hydraulic communication with water sources, a pump, a device for mixing water with a foaming agent and connection pipes for water-foam fire extinguishing devices and fire hoses. 2. The fire train according to claim 1, characterized in that the autonomous fire module contains at least one water-foam fire extinguishing device with the ability to form and jointly supply under the pressure of contacting jets of air-mechanical hybrid foam and low-expansion air-mechanical foam to obtain a single jet combined hybrid foam with a multiplicity of 30±10. 3. The fire train according to claim 2, characterized in that the autonomous fire module contains at least two containers located on the roof and connected to pressure pipelines of water-foam fire extinguishing devices with the ability to form and jointly supply under pressure multidirectional or co-directed jets of combined hybrid foam with a multiplicity of 30 ±10. 4. The fire train according to claim 2, characterized in that the autonomous fire module contains at least two containers located on the roof and connected to pressure pipelines of water-foam fire extinguishing devices with the ability to form and jointly supply jets under a pressure of 0.8-1.2 MPa combined hybrid foam for a distance of up to 100-140 m with a flow rate of an aqueous solution of foaming agent up to 333 l/s and a foam productivity of up to 540,000 l/min. 5. Fire train according to claim 2, characterized in that Water-foam fire extinguishing devices in an autonomous fire module are made with the ability to be lifted into a working position and lowered into a transport position and with the ability to manually and/or remotely control rotations in the vertical and horizontal planes. 6. Fire train according to claim 1, characterized in that The autonomous fire module contains video surveillance equipment and a remote control system for the operation of the pump and water-foam fire extinguishing devices with the possibility of manual control or remote control via radio signals and/or the Internet. 7. Fire train according to claim 1, characterized in that The autonomous fire module contains a power supply and lighting system using batteries and/or an autonomous electric generator with manual and/or remote control. 8. Fire train according to claim 1, characterized in that The autonomous fire module contains a ventilation and cooling system with manual and/or remote control. 9. Fire train according to claim 1, characterized in that As a shipping container, the autonomous fire module contains a 40-foot ISO class shipping container or a 1AA (1A) type container, the internal walls of which are thermally insulated with a layer of mineral wool and covered with metal panels. 10. Fire train according to claim 7, characterized in that Inside the container there are cabinets for storing standard firefighting equipment and inventory, and on the roof of the container there are external lighting floodlights with manual and remote control. 11. Fire train according to claim 1, characterized in that The device for mixing water with a foaming agent in the autonomous fire module is designed to prepare a 3-6% aqueous solution of the foaming agent and supply it to pressure pipelines. 12. Fire train according to claim 1, characterized in that the autonomous fire module is manufactured with the ability to connect and use additional fire extinguishing means in the form of additional fire modules and/or robotic devices with auxiliary gas, aerosol, powder and/or solid foam fire extinguishing devices based on structured silica particles with the possibility of their joint functioning, control and use during carrying out emergency rescue operations and fire extinguishing. 13. Fire train according to claim 1, characterized in that An autonomous fire module contains an additional container connected to it by communication, control and power supply lines, installed on the same or another platform, with the ability to accommodate personnel workplaces, a video surveillance and remote control panel, storage areas for personal protective equipment and emergency medical care, and manual fire extinguishing equipment. and auxiliary and manual fire equipment and inventory, refrigeration and/or ventilation units and electric generator. 14. Fire train according to claim 1, characterized in that The autonomous fire module is manufactured with the ability to be transported by transport carrying standard containers for cargo transportation.