RU193525U1 - Device for automated fire prevention and suppression on large tanks with flammable and combustible liquids - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of firefighting and liquidation of accidents and fires that occur on large tanks with flammable liquids (LVF) and combustible liquids (GF) and can be used in the oil and gas, oil refining and petrochemical industries and other sectors of the economy for extinguishing fires of LVF and GF in large tanks with a capacity of 5,000 to 50,000 mi or more, for which the availability of automated fire extinguishing means is required. To increase the efficiency of explosion and fire prevention fire extinguishing and extinguishing in large tanks with GF and LVH and to increase the security and reliability of the operation of automated fire extinguishing means (ASP) a device for automatically preventing and extinguishing fires in large tanks with flammable and combustible liquids, containing a pipeline for supplying fire extinguishing substances and connected to it automated fire extinguishing means with the ability to generate and supply to the surface of the liquid and to the walls of the tank jets or jets of a fire extinguishing agent a, contains an automated fire extinguishing means with a hydromechanical control system, which is inoperative beyond the perimeter of the tank below the upper edge of the walls of the tank and automatically rises predominantly vertically up above the upper edge of the walls of the tank and pivots mainly in a horizontal plane into the working position inside the perimeter of the tank when fed into it under the pressure of the extinguishing agent from the pipeline for supplying the extinguishing agent under the influence of pressure gnetushaschego substances and reactive forces emanating from his jet or jets of extinguishing agent. 9 s.p. f-ly, 9 ill.

Description

Technical field

The utility model relates to the field of firefighting and liquidation of accidents and fires that occur on large tanks with flammable liquids (LVF) and combustible liquids (GF) and can be used in the oil and gas, oil refining and petrochemical industries and other sectors of the economy for extinguishing fires of LVF and GF in large tanks with a capacity of 5,000 to 50,000 m ³ or more, for which the availability of automated fire extinguishing equipment is required.

State of the art

In accordance with the established requirements, large ground tanks for storing oil and oil products with a volume of 5.000 m ³ and more are necessarily equipped with automatic fire extinguishing means. In warehouses of the third category, if there are no more than two ground tanks with a volume of 5.000 m ^{3, it is} allowed to extinguish these tanks with mobile fire equipment, provided that the tanks are equipped with stationary medium-sized foam generators (foam chambers, foam nozzles) and special pipelines that have been bled out [Oil Quenching Manual and petroleum products in tanks and tank farms. - M. GUGPS, 1999].

In currently operating reservoirs for storing petroleum products without the use of a floating roof or pontoons, intensive evaporation of petroleum products occurs on the surface of the fluid, which leads to the formation of an explosive and flammable mixture of vapors with air in the gas space of the reservoir. Even with the use of modern lightning protection devices, it is not possible to avoid lightning strikes into the tank. When lightning gets into tanks filled with oil products, explosions and fires occur that cause not only significant losses, but also lead to injuries and deaths.

Also, a fire can occur inside the bunding, which can lead to the following types of emergency situations:

- heating of oil and oil product with subsequent explosion of fuel in the tank;

- heating of oil and oil product with subsequent combustion of fuel in the tank and the release of oil on the roof of the tank and in the deboning;

- a volumetric explosion of a vapor cloud leaving the reservoir in the atmosphere;

- drift in the wind of a vapor cloud from a reservoir in the atmosphere with a possible subsequent explosion.

Oil in its composition contains a certain amount of water. According to statistics, 80% of fires with oil were accompanied by boiling, and 25% of such fires were accompanied by emissions [Terebnev V.V., Podgrushny A.V. Fire tactics. Fire fighting basics. Yekaterinburg: Kalan Publishing House, 2010 - 512 p.].

When boiling, the temperature in the tank rises sharply. Oil emissions from the burning tank occur at the moment when all the fuel warms up, and its temperature at the oil-water phase separation reaches 200 ° C. Moreover, the duration of oil emissions from the reservoir can be from 3 seconds to 7 minutes [Terebnev V.V., Podgrushny A.V. Fire tactics. Fire fighting basics. Yekaterinburg: Kalan Publishing House, 2010 - 512 p.].

Explosions in tanks and oil emissions often lead to the destruction of the roof and upper walls of the tank, which, accordingly, leads to the destruction of equipment attached to the walls in the upper part of the tank.

In some cases, during an explosion in the tank, the walls of the tank were torn off from the bottom along the bottom weld with a gap in the pipelines of the horizontal pipelines to the tank of foam fire extinguishing and water cooling systems.

An analysis of the fires that occurred at technological facilities for storing and transporting oil and oil products shows that the efficiency of using stationary automatic fire protection systems for fighting fires is about 7%.

The low efficiency of medium-sized foam fire extinguishing systems and water cooling of tanks is mainly caused by the destruction of foam-generating devices and pipelines for supplying fire extinguishing substances for extinguishing and cooling.

Extinguishing fires in tanks with foam is usually done in two main ways:

- supplying foam of medium multiplicity from the top of the tank to a layer of burning oil product (oil);

- the supply of foam of low multiplicity under the layer of oil and oil product.

Known systems for extinguishing fires with medium-frequency foam on top of the tank onto the oil product layer in most cases often do not provide fire extinguishing in the initial stage due to damage to the foam input nodes from the primary explosion.

Currently, the most common means of extinguishing tank farms of flammable and flammable liquids is air-mechanical foam, which is obtained on meshes in foam generators due to the ejection of air into the stream of the foaming agent solution.

When extinguishing fires with air-mechanical foam, a large amount of water and a foaming agent is consumed. In particular, when extinguishing reservoirs with burning gasoline, it is necessary to supply 114 liters of a 6% foaming solution per 1 m ² of fuel surface [Modern fire trucks: creation problems, innovative solutions, development trends, NP Kopylov // Means of salvation. Fire protection. - 2005. Catalog. - M .: 2005. - p. 66-68].

This is due to the need to create a foam layer over the entire burning surface that insulates the fuel from the air. When the container is partially filled, the foam falls from a great height, passing through the flame and hot gases, while it is destroyed and the extinguishing efficiency decreases. In addition, very often (about 50% of cases) at the initial moment of a fire due to an explosion, foam generators are damaged even before the foaming agent is supplied.

It is also known that fires in tanks with light petroleum products usually begin with the explosion of the vapor-air mixture in the gas space of the tank and the roof breaking down or with the burning of the steam-air mixture in the gas space of the tank without breaking the roof, but with its integrity being violated in some of the weakest places.

The strength of the explosion affects the nature of the subsequent development of the fire. Depending on this, various destruction of tank structures is observed.

Light oil products burn (gasoline, naphtha, kerosene, benzene, etc.) more intensively on the free surface than dark oil products, and the height of the flame reaches 20-40 m, and when boiling pre-refined oil and dark products of its processing the flame reaches 70-80 m. Burning oil (when ejected) can soar to a height of 80 m and spray downwind to a distance of 150 m.

Fires in reservoirs with petroleum products are extinguished, as a rule, by the foam supplied to the burning source by stationary foam chambers or mobile foam lifts [E.N. Ivanov. Fire protection of open technological installations. 2nd edition revised and supplemented. M., Chemistry, 1986, p. 195-196].

However, in the event of an abnormal development of the fire, complete extinguishing by the foam of flammable flammable liquids in tank farms occurs only after several hours, and sometimes days, since the fire extinguishing ability of the foam is lost when it is fed into the high temperature zone formed near the foam chamber [A.N. Baratov, E.N. Ivanov. Fire fighting at chemical and oil refining enterprises. 2nd edition revised. M., Chemistry, 1979, p. 262].

Therefore, in the official recommendations [Extinguishing fires of oil and oil products in tanks: Recommendations. - M .: VNIIPO, 1991] it is proposed to stop the supply of foam if the combustion is not eliminated within 30 minutes As an example, we can point to a fire on the ground-mounted steel reservoir of the RVS with a fixed roof and a pontoon at the Moscow oil refinery, which could not be extinguished within 24 hours when more than 100 fire trucks were concentrated [A.N. Baratov. Combustion - Fire - Explosion - Safety. M., FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia, 2003, p.332].

The experience of extinguishing oil product fires in metal tanks shows that stationary foam chambers often fail as a result of an explosion or deformation of the tank’s upper belt even before the fire is extinguished and do not give the required effect when working [E.N. Ivanov. Fire protection of open technological installations. 2nd edition revised and supplemented. M., Chemistry, 1986, p.202].

It is known that in the combustion zone of oil products a temperature develops up to 1100-1200 ° С, and the amount of energy released during the combustion of oil products is such that the walls above the liquid level lose their strength and begin to deform [E.N. Ivanov. Fire protection of open technological installations. 2nd edition revised and supplemented. M., Chemistry, 1986, p.196], which accordingly leads to damage and destruction of equipment fixed to the walls.

It is known [A.N. Baratov, E.N. Ivanov. Fire fighting at chemical and oil refining enterprises. 2nd edition revised. M., Chemistry, 1979, p. 72], that in the case of spreading over a burning product, the movement of the foam slows down as it moves away from the drain and can become equal to zero at some point. This effect is due to the fact that the destruction of the foam with increasing temperature is accelerated and there may come a time when the rates of foam entry and its destruction become equal. Thus, the minimum foam consumption should ensure that the foam travels faster than its destruction at the points farthest from the drain.

It is also known that when fighting fires in tanks with viscous and easily hardening products (fuel oil, oil and oil), it is possible to use sprayed water to cool the surface layer of a burning liquid to a temperature below their flash point. A necessary condition for quenching with sprayed water is a low volumetric average temperature of the fuel (below the flash point). The sprayed water supply should be taken at 0.2 l⋅m ^{2 2} s-1 [Guidelines for the extinguishing of oil and oil products in tanks and tank farms. - GUGPS - VNIIPO - MIPB, 1999, p. 18. Section. The use of other substances and fire extinguishing methods, paragraph 2.3.1.].

If the area of the combustible liquid is large enough and the ignition of the vapor-air mixture did not occur over its entire free surface, then the flame quickly spreads over the liquid mirror at a speed of 5-6 cm / s in the lower and upper concentration limits and 45-50 cm / s for steam-air mixtures, whose composition is close to stoichiometric.

Due to the fact that the flame spreads quickly over the mirror of flammable and flammable liquids, the possibilities of the marked method of extinguishing by a sprayed stream of water are limited.

The known various fire extinguishing methods can be classified not only by the type of fire extinguishing substances (compositions) used, but also by the method of their application (supply), the environment, purpose, etc. Fire extinguishing is divided, first of all, into surface fire, consisting in the supply of fire extinguishing substances directly to the burning area, and volumetric, which consists in creating an environment in the fire area that does not support combustion [Baratov A.N. Combustion-Fire-Explosion-Safety. - M .: FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia, 2004 p. 188].

Established [A.N. Baratov, E.N. Ivanov. Fire fighting at chemical and oil refining enterprises. 2nd edition revised. M., Chemistry ,. 1979, p. 73] that the advantages of the foam include the fact that, unlike a number of other fire extinguishing compositions, surface quenching with foam does not require simultaneous (simultaneous) overlapping of the entire combustion mirror (area).

It is known that the reasons for the increase in the consumption of foam per unit area of the fire source with an increase in the intensity of its supply are the mechanical difficulties in distributing the foam over the area of the fire site and the specific difficulties of foam spreading over the surface of the fuel. When extinguishing a fire with a large area, the possibilities for uniform distribution of foam are rather limited, therefore, there arises the problem of uniform distribution of foam over the entire surface without its excessive consumption. The second reason is due to the fact that the foam in a calm state and during movement has various physical properties. The insulating ability of the foam in motion is reduced. In a calm static state, the foam creates a “densified” layer, but the transition to a static state occurs over time. The period of this transition reaches 20 s [A.N. Baratov, E.N. Ivanov. Fire fighting at chemical and oil refining enterprises. 2nd edition revised. M., Chemistry, 1979, p. 77].

There are various methods and devices for protecting tanks with flammable and combustible liquids from explosion and fire, however, all of them are not effective enough and do not provide fire extinguishing protection in case of explosions and damage to the upper parts of the walls of tanks

There is a method of protecting tanks with flammable and combustible liquids from explosion and fire, a device for its implementation, according to which at least two horizontal jets of extinguishing agent - low-foam, which are fed along the wall of the tank into one side or simultaneously clockwise and counterclockwise so that the axis of the jets do not intersect, while the extinguishing agent is supplied with a pressure that provides education on the wall reservoir rings of the extinguishing agent. As a fire extinguishing agent, foam of low multiplicity or water is used, and in addition to them fire extinguishing powder, inert gas, water vapor are used; moreover, one or several types of extinguishing substances are fed into the tank [RU 2334532, IPC A62C 3/06 (2006.01), publ. 05/10/2008].

The method according to RU 2334532 is carried out using a device with an appropriate node for the entry of extinguishing agent, with access to the tank at one end and with a lid at the other, and one or more nozzles for supplying extinguishing agents. The input unit is made in the form of a prism with an isosceles trapezoid at the base, the angle of inclination of the side faces of the prism, on which the nozzles are fixed, is selected from the condition of the direction of the jets along the tank wall. The input node is made of a material with strength characteristics exceeding the strength characteristics of the upper belt of the tank, and the roof of the tank, the cover of the input node and its fastening to the node are made of material with destructive characteristics below the destructive characteristics of the walls of the input node and the upper belt of the tank.

There is a method of combined extinguishing fires of combustible and flammable liquids in storage and tanks, as well as large spills of petroleum products, which includes the simultaneous supply of a fire-extinguishing powder in the form of a fire-extinguishing powder stream into a combustion zone and a coolant stream to the combustion surface, as a fire extinguishing powder, nanopowder is used, which inhibits a fire hazardous environment for the time necessary to suppress the flame, and as a coolant Ghent use foam [RU 2615956 A62C 3/06, B82B 3/00 Opubl.11.04.2017].

There is a method of protecting pipelines of foam fire extinguishing systems and water cooling of oil or oil products tanks from the effects of an air-gas mixture explosion, characterized in that at least two flexible inserts are installed on the horizontal piping of the foam fire extinguishing system located at a predetermined distance from each other and from the wall reservoir; at least one flexible insert placed at a predetermined distance from the tank wall is installed on a vertical section of the pipeline of the foam fire extinguishing system from above at the place of supply to the foam generator; at least two flexible inserts placed at a predetermined distance from each other and from the tank wall are installed on a horizontal piping inlet of the sub-layer fire extinguishing system from the outer and inner sides of the tank wall; at least two flexible inserts placed at a predetermined distance from each other and from the tank wall are installed on the horizontal piping of the water cooling system; the upper annular pipeline of the water cooling system is secured with clamps on the tank wall with the possibility of horizontal movement of the pipeline in the clamp at least 150 mm. [RU 2659981 A62C3 / 06 Publ. 07/04/2018].

Known is a combined system for extinguishing oil fires in vertical steel tanks of large capacity and deboning, where the tank is equipped with an oil discharge valve, a gas pipeline equipped with an isothermal module with carbon dioxide, a tank with a fire extinguishing powder composition, an annular gas pipeline with nozzles for discharging a gas-dispersed mixture, an annular with foam nozzles, a foam conduit connected to a dosing unit and rigidly connected to a wiring conduit mounted on a floating plate e, and foam nozzles, while the foam and gas pipelines have separate solenoid valves that allow both simultaneous extinguishing with the supply of foam from the bottom of the tank and dipping, and a gas-dispersed mixture on top of the tank [patent RU 147638U1, publication date 10.11.2014].

A device is known for protecting reservoirs with flammable and combustible liquids from explosion and fire, comprising an extinguishing agent inlet with an outlet to the reservoir at one end and a lid at the other and nozzles for supplying an extinguishing agent, the device further comprising one or more nozzles for extinguishing the supply of extinguishing agents, horizontally mounted on one or two sides of the input node at an angle selected from the conditions for the direction of the jets of extinguishing agents along the tank wall, nozzle axis, fixed located on opposite sides of the input unit, are located in parallel horizontal planes, the input unit is made of material with strength characteristics exceeding the strength characteristics of the upper belt of the tank, and the tank roof, the cover of the input unit and its fastening to the unit are made of material with destructive characteristics below the destructive characteristics the walls of the input node and the upper zone of the tank [patent RU 2334532 C2, publication date 09/27/2008].

A known fire extinguishing system in vertical tanks for storing petroleum products in temporary accommodation centers for people affected by emergencies, in which, to increase the reliability of extinguishing a fire of petroleum products in vertical steel tanks with any type of roof without human intervention, a foam generator is fixedly installed outside the tank and a sleeve is connected, which is connected to the inlet pipe and reservoirs with a foaming agent and water. In the lower part, a telescopic elevator mounted on a support is connected to a piston, which is located in the cylinder. A telescopic boom limiter is installed on the foundation. In the upper part of the links of the telescopic lift there are seals and stoppers. An air pipe is connected to a cylinder with a piston and a telescopic elevator for supplying air, which is connected to cylinders filled with compressed air. Outside the RVS below the level of soil freezing, two horizontal reservoirs of appropriate capacity are installed, one of which is filled with water, and the other with a foaming agent. The tanks are sealed and interconnected by air. Moreover, the pipeline connecting the reservoir with the foaming agent to the inlet pipe has a dispenser. A can of compressed air is connected to the air duct and the water tank and the foaming agent. The compressed air cylinder is equipped with a pressure regulator and a pyroscope cartridge. In the upper part of the RVS, pressure and temperature sensors are installed, which are connected to the pyrocartridge crane and have an autonomous power supply system (for example, batteries) [RU 141291 A62C3 / 06 Publ. 05/27/2014].

A device is known for extinguishing combustible liquid in a tank, used in combined automatic systems for foam fire extinguishing of oil and oil products in vertical steel tanks with a pontoon, with or without a floating roof, and also in reinforced concrete tanks, and can be used in the oil industry. The device comprises a low-foam generator and a foam container. The low-foam generator is made in the form of a housing with a nozzle for supplying a foaming agent solution to the housing and with an opening for supplying air to the housing. The nozzle is multi-jet. A mixing chamber is located in the housing of the low-level foam generator, the input of which is opposite the nozzle, and the outlet is connected to a foam container having an exit for foam into the reservoir in the form of at least two slit-like openings with the possibility of supplying a flat fan-shaped jet with one of them to a combustible liquid in the tank and the other on the inside wall of the tank. Between the exit for foam from the foam tank into the tank and the mixing chamber there is a sealing membrane, bursting under the action of the pressure of the foam. For testing the device, it contains a plug made with the possibility of installing between the bursting disc and the generator of low-level foam, and a hole with a lid located on the foam container to the plug. EFFECT: increased fire extinguishing efficiency due to the stable achievement of the foam multiplicity not lower than 8 [RU 2232041 A62C3 / 06 Publ. 07/10/2004].

A known system for the automatic extinguishing of petroleum products in vertical steel tanks (RVS) with any type of roofs without the participation of a fire brigade, the resistance of fire fighting equipment to the explosion of a steam-air mixture. This problem is solved by means of a movable telescopic elevator with a foam generator fixed on it, which is connected to reservoirs filled with water and a foaming agent and connected by an air duct to compressed air cylinders. Outside the RVS below the level of soil freezing, two horizontal reservoirs of appropriate capacity are installed, one of which is filled with water, and the other with a foaming agent. The tanks are sealed and interconnected by air. Moreover, the pipeline connecting the reservoir with the foaming agent to the inlet pipe has a dispenser. A can of compressed air is connected to the air duct and the water tank and the foaming agent. The compressed air cylinder is equipped with a pressure regulator and a pyroscope cartridge. In the upper part of the RVS, pressure and temperature sensors are installed, which are connected to the pyrocartridge crane and have an autonomous power supply system (for example, batteries) [RU 2359723 A62C31 / 12, A62C3 / 06].

Known fire extinguishing system inside the tank, including a source of extinguishing agent, and at least one nozzle, the housing of which has an inlet and at least one nozzle, characterized in that each nozzle mentioned nozzle is equipped with shutoff valves that open when excessive extinguishing agent pressure. The shutoff valves of each nozzle are made with a seal. The nozzle is configured to install destructible element, preventing the opening of valves. The housing of each nozzle is connected to the shutoff valves in each nozzle by a flexible element [RU 127319 A62C13 / 76 Publ. 04/27/2013]

Known system for extinguishing fires in large tanks with flammable and combustible liquids (options). The essence of the first embodiment of the extinguishing system device is that it includes N≥2 controllable foam generator shafts located around the tank perimeter, foam generator shafts are located at an angle of minus 2-10 degrees to the horizontal surface of the combustible liquid, at the base of the fire flame, is used homogeneous foam vodovozdushnaya multiplicity Kn equal to 30 ± 10, range froth feed stream L, greater than or equal to the radius R of the tank, the foam feeding intensity I equal to 0.1-0.15 l / m ² s, wherein the foaming controlled with Rui fed in a horizontal plane with the axis of the barrel on rotation angle ± 45 degrees in the vertical plane with the axis of the barrel on rotation angle ± 5-10 degrees. The second version of the system differs from the first in that the foam generators are located along the perimeter of the tank on the ground or in small mobile platforms, a homogeneous water-air foam is used with the same multiplicity of Kp equal to 30 ± 10, the range of the foam spray L, greater than or equal to the radius R of the tank, with an intensity I foam supply equal to 0.15-0.5 l / m ² ⋅ s, while the foam jet controlled from the ground is fed through the side of the tank. The angle of inclination of the stem of the foam generator relative to the earth is 60-80 degrees. [RU 2651784 A62C 3/06 Publ. 04/23/2018].

A known method of fire protection of tanks for storing liquid combustible substances and a system for its implementation, characterized in that in the method of fire protection of tanks for storing liquid combustible substances, which includes preparing and supplying under pressure a foaming solution for the formation of gas-filled foam and extinguishing the fire from using the said extinguishing agent, the first part of the flow of the foaming agent solution saturated with gas is fed along the combustion surface along the perimeter of the walls of the reservoir oar, rotate the named stream by the action of the Coriolis force arising on the surface of liquid combustible substances, and hold the centrifugal force field in the peripheral region, and the second part of the stream of extinguishing agent is fed along the combustion surface from the peripheral region towards the center of the tank in the form of a fan-shaped stream with a deviation the angle of the jet in the direction of rotation of the first stream, while both flows are fed at different levels above the combustion surface, and the foaming process is carried out directly about the contact of all parts of the flow of the blowing agent with the combustion surface due to changes in pressure and heating of the extinguishing agent on the combustion surface [RU 2616848 A62C3 / 06 Publ. 04/18/2017].

There is a method of protecting tanks with flammable and combustible liquids from explosion in case of fire and a device for their implementation. The method consists in the fact that at least two horizontal jets of extinguishing agent - foam of low multiplicity - are fed from the input unit from above onto the inner wall of the tank. The jets are supplied along the wall of the tank in one direction or at the same time clockwise and counterclockwise so that the axis of the jets do not intersect, while the extinguishing agent is supplied with a pressure that ensures the formation of a ring of extinguisher on the wall of the tank. As a fire extinguishing agent, foam of low multiplicity or water is used, and in addition to them fire extinguishing powder, inert gas, water vapor are used, moreover, one or several types of extinguishing agents are supplied to the reservoir. [RU 2334532, IPC A62C 3/06).

It is also known that the creation of a ring of fire extinguishing substance on the walls of the tank when it is supplied with pressure is limited by the capacity of the water supply networks, and a sharp increase in pressure in them leads to failure of the latter [E.N. Ivanov, Fire protection of open technological installations, 2nd edition revised and supplemented. M., Chemistry, 1986, p. 225].

It is believed that to cool the walls of the burning and neighboring tanks it is enough to create a ring of water irrigation [E.N. Ivanov, Fire protection of open technological installations, 2nd edition revised and supplemented. M., Chemistry, 1986, p. 200], however, as shown above, water irrigation systems are often destroyed by explosions in the tank.

A known system for extinguishing fires in a tank with oil, which is installed inside the tank with oil and consists of a vertically located foam barrel (dry pipe), laid through a layer of fuel and having a conclusion to the fuel space, as well as a number of necessary for normal functioning (fire detection, production and foam supply, etc.) devices. Through the output of the dry pipe located at the level of the burning surface, foam of various degrees of multiplicity is fed from the trunks, thereby ensuring the spreading of foam along the burning surface [JP 2009284999A, A62C 3/06, 12/10/2009].

The disadvantage of this device is that when the tank is partially filled, the foam falls down from a high height, passing a layer of flame and hot gases, which prevent it from quickly falling onto the surface of oil or oil products. In addition, when extinguishing a fire of a large area, the possibility of uniform distribution of the foam using this method is quite limited without its overuse.

A device for extinguishing a fire in a tank is known, intended for forming a flow of a foaming agent solution. It contains a pipeline for supplying a foaming solution with a bell and is characterized by the fact that the pipeline is installed vertically inside the tank, the base of the bell is located in excess of the height above the maximum liquid level in the tank. On the walls of the pipeline, the check valves of the passage of the foaming solution into the tank are arranged uniformly in height, and a smaller diameter pipe with a gap above the maximum liquid level in the trap is installed coaxially with the gap inside the foam supply line [BY 11919 C1, А62С 3/06, 30.06 .2009] /

However, this technical solution does not allow, when supplying a foaming solution from a socket installed vertically inside the tank, to distribute the resulting foam over a large area of the fire and does not take into account the specific difficulties of foam spreading over the surface of the fuel, and the outlet of the socket does not have the necessary cross-section that can form the flow of the solution of the foaming agent, saturated with gas, by spout along the combustion surface.

A known method of surface fire extinguishing in tanks with petroleum products [SU 1400621 A62C31 / 12, A62C1 / 12 Publ. 04.06.88] according to which, in order to increase the efficiency of extinguishing a fire with an air-mechanical foam of increased multiplicity, as well as the spreading rate on the surface of oil products, an ejection jet is fed in the direction of the side surface of the tank, along its chord along the mirror of the oil product, which allows cooling the hot metal wall of the tank, being screen for a jet of foam of increased multiplicity. Fire extinguishing is carried out by simultaneous supply of adjacent jets, contributing to the rapid spreading of foam on the surface of the oil product mirror, thereby creating favorable conditions for the final extinguishing by isolating the vapor of a combustible liquid from the combustion zone.

A device for extinguishing a fire in a tank with petroleum products is known, which comprises means for moving the foam generator, made in the form of a pivot-lever mechanism including a hinge support and a counterweight, and mounted on the side surface of the tank, and a pipeline for supplying extinguishing agent to the foam generator with fixing means. In this case, the pipeline for supplying the extinguishing agent is made in the form of a bend from two sections articulated to each other, the upper of which is located at an angle to the lower section, the upper section of the pipeline mounted on the hinge support, and the lower section of the pipeline used as a counterweight. In the event of a fire, a flexible hose is connected to the lower section of the supply pipe through the connecting preparation to supply the foaming agent solution. The supply pipe filled with solution under the action of gravity takes a strictly vertical position, turning the knee. In this case, the foam generator makes a complex movement up and forward, introducing the foam generator into the fire zone. At the end of the quenching, the supply pipe is freed from the foaming agent solution and it is returned to its original position manually or using the return mechanism mounted on the bracket [SU 1606132A62C31 / 00 Publ. 11/15/90 Bull. No. 42].

A common drawback of the known methods and devices for fighting fires in tanks with oil products is the unsatisfactory efficiency of the process of fighting fires on large tanks with flammable liquids and gas liquids, the structural complexity of the devices located inside the tanks or attached to the upper parts of the walls of the tanks, coming intooperative during explosions and destruction upper parts of tanks during fires.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result (prototype) is a method of extinguishing fires in large tanks with flammable and combustible liquids by supplying N≥2 from foam generating trunks placed along the perimeter of the tank to the inside of the tank with jets of extinguishing agent, the foam is fed by jets onto the surface of the combustible liquid of the tank by scanning in the vertical and horizontal planes with program-controlled or oscillating foam-generating trunks in the holes sector for each barrel at the rate of covering the entire surface of the flammable liquid with foam. In this case, the foam is supplied according to the fire extinguishing control program to the wall and from the tank wall synchronously from all foam generating shafts, gradually shifting to the center of the tank and tangentially to the fire to the area pre-cooled by foam; the fire extinguishing control program is adjusted by coordinate IR sensors mounted on foam-generating trunks or a quadro, according to the coordinates of the sections of the burning centers; as a fire extinguishing agent, foam with finely dispersed water is used; for the supply of foam using foam generating trunks, forming a foam with finely atomized water [RU 2684743 A62C 3/06 Publ. 04/12/2019 (prototype)]

The disadvantages of the method according to RU 2684743 (prototype) are the design complexity and the impossibility of practical effective use, namely:

- the complexity of the equipment in the form of program-controlled oscillating foam-generating trunks with scanning (i.e., reading the state of the surface of the fire) in the vertical and horizontal planes;

- the complexity of the claimed synchronized operation of all foam-generating shafts, since the synchronization of work is associated with a radiation source that does not have clear boundaries of the surface and volume of the flame and is compatible with shafts equipped with infrared coordinate sensors, all the more placed on a quad, the work of which depends on smoke, weather conditions , wind speed and direction, etc .;

- the inadmissibility of the declared supply of foams simultaneously with finely sprayed water, since this violates the principle of existence of the air-mechanical foam itself, since it is well known that sprayed water intensively destroys the foam;

- the inappropriateness of the foam supply with a spray angle of more than 30 °, since this dramatically reduces the range of the foam jets as a result of increased drag and intensification of the destruction of the foam under the influence of thermal and convective flame flows;

- the impossibility of synchronizing the work of the tables located behind the bunding due to the erroneous operation of the infrared sensors of the trunks brought to the burning site in the tank.

Task and technical result

The objective of the proposed method and device for its implementation is to increase the efficiency of fire protection of tanks for storing liquid combustible and flammable liquids with automated fire extinguishing means.

The technical problem to be solved by the claimed utility model is to increase the structural stability and maintain the operability of automated fire extinguishing means and foam fire extinguishing systems of tanks with a stationary roof for storing oil and oil products during the explosion of the gas-air mixture in the tank, as a result of which they collapse and become unusable well-known means of automatic fire extinguishing of large containers usually placed inside the tank or around the perimeter of the tank flammable and flammable liquids.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of the claimed utility model is to increase the efficiency of explosion and fire prevention and extinguishing fires in large tanks with combustible and flammable liquids and to increase the security and reliability of the operation of automated fire extinguishing means.

Utility Model Essence

The proposed useful feature is characterized by the fact that its implementation uses the technology of automated fire prevention and extinguishing in large tanks with flammable and combustible liquid, including the generation and supply of extinguishing agent jets to the tank, according to which the generation and delivery of extinguishing agent jets into the tank are carried out by automated fire extinguishing means, inoperative beyond the perimeter of the tank below the upper edge of the walls of the tank and automatically under rising predominantly vertically upward above the upper edge of the walls of the tank and turning mainly in a horizontal plane into the working position inside the perimeter of the tank when they are extinguished by the pressure of the extinguishing agent and under the influence of the pressure of the extinguishing agent and the reactive forces of the extinguishing agent jets emanating from them.

In this case, N≥2 perimeter automated fire extinguishing means are used, for which foam generators, fire monitors, monitors and water-spraying nozzles are used

with the possibility of supplying jets of extinguishing agent to the surface of the combustible liquid, to the walls and to the roof of the tank, to the surface of the combustible liquid, to the walls and to the roof of the tank or inside the tank, to the roof and walls of adjacent tanks;

with the possibility of automatic rises and turns from an idle position behind the perimeter of the tank to the working position inside the perimeter of the tank and vice versa with a corresponding increase or decrease in the pressure of the extinguishing agent supplied to them;

with the possibility of automatic impulse turns and oscillations in the working position in the vertical and horizontal planes;

with the possibility of their hydrooscillation in the working position in the vertical and horizontal planes under the influence of the pressure of the extinguishing agent supplied to them;

with the possibility of their generation of extinguishing agent jets in the form of air-mechanical foam of low and medium multiplicity or sprayed water when they are supplied respectively with a solution of a foaming agent or water;

with the possibility of generating and supplying low and medium multiplicity of foam jets with a multiplicity of 40 ± 35 to the surface of a combustible liquid and onto the walls of the reservoir;

with the possibility of generating and feeding into the tank jets of extinguishing agent in the direction of the chords and in the plane of the inscribed angles of the internal section of the tank;

with the possibility of generating and feeding into the reservoir jets of extinguishing agent in the direction of the walls and roof surfaces of the reservoir heated by the flame of fire;

with the possibility of generating and feeding into the reservoir jets of extinguishing agent along the chords of the circumference of the reservoir;

with the possibility of generating and feeding into the tank jets of extinguishing agent with the formation of circular centripetal flows of extinguishing agent on the surface of the liquid mirror in the tank and

with the possibility of generating and feeding into the tank jets of extinguishing agent in the direction of the side surfaces of the tank and the base of the fire flame.

The problem is solved and the required technical result when using the utility model is achieved by the fact that a device for automatically preventing and extinguishing fires on large tanks with flammable and combustible liquids, containing a fire extinguishing agent supply pipe and an automated fire extinguishing device connected to it with the possibility of generation and supply to the surface liquid and on the walls of the reservoir jets or jets of extinguishing agent, according to a utility model contains an extinguished fire extinguishing means with a hydromechanical control system, which is inoperative beyond the perimeter of the tank below the upper edge of the walls of the tank and automatically rises predominantly vertically up above the upper edge of the walls of the tank and turns mainly in the horizontal plane into the working position inside the perimeter of the tank when a fire extinguishing agent is supplied substances from the supply line of the extinguishing agent under the influence of the pressure of the extinguishing agent Islands and reactive forces emanating from his jet or jets of extinguishing agent.

An automated fire extinguishing agent is made in the form of a foam generator, a monitor gun barrel or a water-spray device nozzle

with the possibility of generating jets or jets of extinguishing agent in the form of air-mechanical foam of low and medium multiplicity and atomized water when a foaming agent and water solution are respectively supplied to it,

with the possibility of automatic rotation in a horizontal plane to a working position inside the perimeter of the tank under the influence of the reactive forces of the jet or jets of extinguishing agent emanating from it,

with the possibility of supplying jets or jets of extinguishing agent to the surface of a combustible liquid, to the walls of the tank, to the surface of the burning liquid and to the walls of the tank, or inside the tank, to the roof and walls of adjacent tanks,

with the possibility of automatic rises and turns from an idle position behind the perimeter of the tank to a working position inside the perimeter of the tank and vice versa with a corresponding increase and decrease in pressure of the extinguishing agent in the pipeline of the extinguishing agent,

with the possibility of pulse turns and oscillations in the working position in the vertical and horizontal planes,

with the possibility of controlled impulse turns and oscillations in the working position in the vertical and horizontal planes,

with the possibility of their hydro-oscillations in the working position in the vertical and horizontal planes under the influence of the pressure of the extinguishing agent supplied to them,

or with the possibility of generating and supplying to the surface of a combustible liquid and onto the walls of the reservoir a jet of foam of low and medium multiplicity with a multiplicity of 40 ± 35.

At the same time, the fire extinguishing agent supply pipe is arranged located outside the tank perimeter around the upper or around the lower part of the tank walls and is equipped with damping means with the possibility of protecting it from damage during deformation and destruction of the tank walls during explosion and fire in the tank.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings of options for the design and operation of an automated device for preventing and extinguishing fires on large vertical steel tanks (RVS) with flammable (LVH) and combustible liquids (GF) and a fire extinguishing scheme according to the proposed method, which are shown in positions: 1 - a foam generator with a hydromechanical, hydroreactive control and operation system in a non-working position outside the perimeter of the tank; 1A - a foam generator with a hydromechanical, hydroreactive control and operation system in the working position inside the perimeter; 2 - lifting and swiveling unit; 3 - a flange for connecting an automated fire extinguishing medium to a pressure line for supplying a fire extinguishing medium (foaming solution) 5; 4 - wall of the vertical steel tank (PBC); 5 - pressure pipe for supplying a fire extinguishing agent (foaming solution); 6 - means for attaching a pipeline for supplying a fire extinguishing agent (foaming solution) to the walls of the tank with the possibility of damping when the gas-air mixture explodes inside the tank and if the walls of the tank are damaged; 7 - pipeline supply of extinguishing agent; 8 - the upper edge of the walls of the tank 4

Figures 1 to 4 respectively represent isometric drawings of the initial and operating position of a device with a hydromechanical, hydro-reactive control and operation system when implementing a method for preventing and extinguishing fires on large containers of flammable and combustible liquids, on which arrows show the directions of the foamer generators rising mainly vertically upwards and turns foam generators in the horizontal plane from the idle position (position 1) behind the perimeter of the tank below the upper edge of 8 st the wreath of the tank 4 in the working position (position 1A) up above the upper edge 8 of the walls of the tank 4 and vice versa with a corresponding increase and decrease in the pressure of the extinguishing agent in the supply line of the extinguishing agent 7.

In FIG. 5 to 8 show structural variants of the device indicating the directions of pulse turns and oscillations in the working position in the vertical and horizontal planes.

In FIG. Figure 9 shows the arrangement of N≥2 located along the perimeter of the automated fire extinguishing means in the working position with the possibility of generating and feeding into the tank, on the walls and on the roof of the tank jets of extinguishing agent in the direction of the chords and in the plane of the inscribed angles of the internal section of the tank, in the direction of the side surfaces of the tank and the base of the fire flame along the chords of the circumference of the tank along the surface of the mirror of combustible liquid in the tank with the formation of circular centripetal fire extinguishing streams o the substance on the surface of the liquid mirror in the tank.

Utility Model Implementation

A device for extinguishing reservoirs of vertical steel tanks filled with petroleum products contains an automated fire extinguishing agent in the form of a foam generator, a gun monitor, a monitor or a water spray device, then a foam generator, with a hydromechanical control system 1, with an average foam foam generator installed on it multiplicity and counterweight.

Foam generator 1 is installed on a rotary mechanism 2, which is mounted using a flange 3 on the supply line of extinguishing agent (OTV) 5.

The supply line of the extinguishing agent 5 is located in the lower (Fig. 1 - 12) or in the upper (Fig. 13 - 32) zone beyond the perimeter of the tank wall 4 and is attached to the tank wall through damping devices, which can be made in the form of elastic gaskets, springs or other shock absorbers.

In the initial position, the foam generator 1 with a hydromechanical control system is located outside the wall of the tank 4, outside the tank beyond its perimeter below the upper level of the walls of the tank 8.

In the event of a fire through pipelines 7 and 5, a pressure-extinguishing agent is supplied by pressure to the foam generator 1, which rises above the upper edge 8 of the walls of the tank 4 under pressure and reactive jet of fire extinguishing agent and rotates in a horizontal plane around the lifting-rotary mechanism 2 into the working position inside the perimeter of the tank into the fire zone, it is fixed or hydro-oscillates and releases the extinguishing agent in the form of foam low and medium multiplicity inside the tank, on the inner and outer walls of the tank, on the surface of a flammable or combustible liquid inside the tank and on the walls and roof of adjacent tanks

As foam generators, in particular, combined fire extinguishing installations of the UKTP “Purga” produced by the applicant, NPO SOPOT LLC, which can be mounted around the perimeter of the external walls of the tank so as to provide the possibility of covering with the generated foam jets and the combustion surface in the tank, can be used , and the inner and outer walls of the tank, the outer walls and roofs of adjacent tanks

Each foam generator in the monitor may contain nozzles, nozzles, a housing and a packet of nets that provide a jet of foam, mainly of low and medium multiplicity of 40 ± 35.

When an aqueous solution of a foaming agent is supplied to the foam generator as a fire extinguishing agent under the working pressure, air-mechanical foam jets are formed and fed to the protected area.

Due to the action of the tangentially directed reactive forces of the foam jets, the foam generator rotates from the initial to the working position in the rotation nodes.

Foam jets fall onto the surfaces to be protected and simultaneously rotate the foam generators by means of hydroreactive forces, while by means of controlled generation of pressure pulses of the foaming agent solution or by means of additional installation in the device of hydraulic oscillators, the foam generators of the device can carry out pulsed and oscillatory movements in both horizontal and vertical planes with fan formation jets of foam, which significantly increases the efficiency of automatic explosion and fire prevention firefighting.

As a result of the complex movement of the fire extinguishing agent jets (water-air or air-mechanical foam jets), wide directed foam flows are formed that quickly and evenly distribute the fire extinguishing means on the protected surfaces.

For a more uniform distribution of the extinguishing agent (over the area of the surface to be protected, part of the foam generators can be located horizontally on the bends, and part of the foam generators can be located obliquely to the horizontal plane.

The method can be carried out and the fire extinguishing device can function without the participation of personnel, that is, as an automated foam generator or a sprayed water generator.

When creating a water pressure or an aqueous solution of a foaming agent in the device of more than 0.2 - 0.3 MPa, the process of forming jets of sprayed water or air-mechanical foam with simultaneous reactive rotations of the foam generators begins in the foam generators.

The plant reaches its operating parameters when a pressure of 0.6-0.8 MPa is reached.

The authors' studies and full-scale fire tests of the device design options shown in the drawings showed a confident solution to the problem and achieving a technical result, namely, effective localization and extinguishing of the fire in areas from 200 square, which corresponds to the cross-sectional areas of large reservoirs of oil and oil products.

It has also been experimentally established that it is advisable to primarily use the combined fire extinguishing systems of UKTP "Purga" manufactured by NPO SOPOT LLC as foam generators, which supply combined foam of low and medium multiplicity and atomized water at distances of up to 150 m and.

Thus, all the essential features of the utility model are in a causal relationship with the technical result obtained from the use of the utility model.

Specific design features of the device are determined experimentally and practically verified during field tests, which is confirmed by the attached drawings.

Field tests of the device showed a confident solution to the problem and achieve the required technical result - increasing the efficiency of fire fighting.

The design and technological features of the utility model, which were described in detail above and shown in the drawings, prove not only the causal relationship of the essential features and the technical result, but also prove the feasibility of industrial implementation of the utility model and the confident achievement of the technical result, namely, the industrial implementation of the utility model provides increased efficiency explosion-fire prevention and extinguishing fires on large tanks with combustible and flammable liquids and and provides security and reliability of the operation of automated fire extinguishing means.

As individual elements and components of the device for implementing the method, various known technologies and traditional for fire fighting equipment, materials and structural solutions that are usually used to eliminate accidents, prevent fires and explosions (stopping) and extinguish fires of flammable and combustible liquids in relation to specific conditions can be used .

Given the novelty of the set of essential features, the technical solution of the problem, and the materiality of all general and particular features of the utility model, proven in the section "Prior Art" and "Disclosure of a utility model", proven in the section "Implementation of a utility model" technical feasibility and industrial applicability of the utility model, the successful solution of the inventive task and the confident achievement of the required technical result in the implementation and use of the utility model, in our opinion, The claimed group of inventions meets all the eligibility requirements for utility models.

The analysis also shows that all the general and particular features of the utility model are essential, since each of them is necessary, and all together they are not only sufficient to achieve the goal of the utility model, but also make it possible to implement the utility model in an industrial way.

Thus, the proposed method and device meets all the established criteria for the protection of inventions.

Claims (10)

1. A device for automatically preventing and extinguishing fires on large tanks with flammable and combustible liquids, comprising a pipe for supplying a fire extinguishing substance and an automated fire extinguishing device connected to it with the possibility of generating and supplying to the surface of the liquid and to the walls of the tank jets or jets of fire extinguishing substance, characterized in that contains an automated fire extinguishing means with a hydromechanical control system, which is inoperative beyond perim the volume of the tank below the upper edge of the walls of the tank and automatically rising mainly vertically upward above the upper edge of the walls of the tank and turning mainly in a horizontal plane into the working position inside the perimeter of the tank when a fire extinguishing agent is supplied under pressure from the fire extinguisher supply pipeline under the influence of pressure of the extinguishing agent and reactive forces of jets or jets of extinguishing agent emanating from it. 2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the automated fire extinguishing means is made in the form of a foam generator, monitor monitor or water spray device nozzle with the possibility of generating jets or jets of extinguishing agent in the form of air-mechanical foam of low and medium multiplicity and sprayed water when fed into it, respectively, a foaming agent and water. 3. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the automated fire extinguishing means is configured to automatically rotate in a horizontal plane to a working position inside the perimeter of the tank under the influence of reactive forces emanating from it or jets of extinguishing agent. 4. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the automated fire extinguishing means is configured to supply jets or jets of extinguishing agent to the surface of the combustible liquid, to the walls of the tank, to the surface of the burning liquid and to the walls of the tank, or inside the tank, on the roof and walls adjacent tanks. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the automated fire extinguishing means is configured to automatically lift and rotate from an inoperative position behind the perimeter of the tank to the working position inside the perimeter of the tank and vice versa with a corresponding increase and decrease in pressure of the extinguishing agent in the pipeline of the extinguishing agent. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the automated fire extinguishing means is configured to pulse rotations and oscillations in the working position in the vertical and horizontal planes. 7 The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the automated fire extinguishing means is arranged with the possibility of controlled impulse turns and oscillations in the working position in the vertical and horizontal planes. 8. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the automated fire extinguishing means is arranged for their hydro-oscillation in the working position in the vertical and horizontal planes under the influence of the pressure of the extinguishing agent supplied to them. 9. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the automated fire extinguishing means is configured to generate and supply to the surface of the combustible liquid and onto the walls of the reservoir a jet of foam of low and medium multiplicity with a multiplicity of 40 + 35. 10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the fire extinguishing agent supply pipe is arranged located outside the tank perimeter in the upper part of the tank walls or in the lower part of the tank walls and is equipped with damping means with the possibility of protecting it from damage during deformation and destruction of the tank walls in case of explosion and in case of fire in the tank.

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