RU147638U1 - COMBINED INSTALLATION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHING OF OIL FIRES IN VERTICAL STEEL TANKS OF LARGE CAPACITY AND THEIR DUMPING - Google Patents

Abstract

Combined installation for extinguishing oil fires in vertical steel tanks of large capacity and their debris, characterized in that the tank is equipped with an oil discharge valve, a gas pipeline equipped with an isothermal module with carbon dioxide, a tank with a fire extinguishing powder composition, an annular gas pipeline with nozzles for discharging a gas-dispersed mixture external foam conduit with foam nozzles, foam conduit connected to the dosing unit and rigidly connected to the wiring pipeline fixed to the float conductive plate and foaming nozzles, wherein penoprovody and gas pipelines have separate electromagnetic valves to perform the simultaneous supply of foam extinguishing with the bottom of the tank and embanking and gas-dispersion mixture from the top of the tank.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to the means of extinguishing oil and oil products, and can be used in the oil industry to extinguish oil fires in vertical steel tanks (RVS) of large capacity with a volume of 5000 to 50,000 m ³ .

Oil in its composition contains a certain amount of water. According to statistics, 80% of oil fires were accompanied by boiling, and 25% of such fires were accompanied by emissions [Terebnev V.V., Podgrushny A.V. Fire tactics. Fire fighting basics. Yekaterinburg: Kalan Publishing House, 2010 - 512 p.]. When boiling, the temperature in the tank rises sharply. Oil emissions from the burning tank occur at the moment when all the fuel warms up, and its temperature at the oil-water phase separation reaches 200 ° C. Moreover, the duration of oil emissions from the reservoir can be from 3 seconds to 7 minutes [Terebnev V.V., Podgrushny A.V. Fire tactics. Fire fighting basics. Yekaterinburg: Kalan Publishing House, 2010 - 512 p.]. Oil emissions can lead to destruction of the tank roof.

Known vertical cylindrical steel tank for oil and oil products [Zaichenko V.N. The operation of military depots and fuel bases. M .: TsNIITEneftekhim, 2004 - 420 p.]. This tank has a bottom, a wall and a fixed roof. For receiving and dispensing petroleum products, reservoirs of this type have acceptance pipes. From the outside, valves are connected to them. In order to provide “small” and “large” tank breaths, there is a breathing valve. A metering hatch is installed on the roof of the tank, which serves to measure the level and take samples of oil products and a device for detecting fire (temperature sensor).

In order to protect the tank from flash or explosion in the presence of fire, a fire fuse is installed under the breathing valve. Also on the tank are monitoring and signaling devices (level gauges, samplers, level indicators) and other equipment (manhole, ventilation pipes, safety valves). In accordance with the requirements, surface tanks for storing oil and oil products with a volume of 5000 m ³ and more are equipped with automatic fire extinguishing systems. In warehouses of the third category, if there are no more than two ground tanks with a volume of 5000 m ^{3, it is} possible to extinguish these tanks with mobile fire equipment, provided that the tanks are equipped with stationary foam generators (foam chambers, foam nozzles) and special pipelines that have been bled out [Guide for extinguishing oil and oil products in tanks and tank farms. - M. GUGPS, 1999.]. Extinguishing fires in tanks with foam can be done in two ways:

1. The supply of foam of medium multiplicity from the top of the tank to the layer of burning oil product (oil).

2. Submission of foam of low multiplicity under the layer of oil and oil product.

Also, a fire may occur inside the bun. This fire can lead to the following types of emergency situations:

1. Heating of oil and oil product with subsequent explosion of fuel in the tank.

2. Heating of oil and oil product with subsequent combustion of fuel in the tank and the release of oil on the roof of the tank and dipping.

3. Volumetric explosion of a vapor-air cloud leaving the reservoir in the atmosphere.

4. The drift in the wind of the vapor cloud from the reservoir in the atmosphere with a possible subsequent explosion or without it.

Foam fire extinguishing installations of medium multiplicity from the top of the tank to the oil product layer in most cases do not provide fire extinguishing in the initial stage due to damage to the foam injection nodes from the primary explosion.

Also known installation for the stratification of oil and oil products in reservoirs containing water [Matveev Yu.A., Babich N.A., Vasharin I.A., Sergeeva A.I., Borisova M.A. Utility Model Patent No. 84544. Installation of sublayer quenching of oil and oil products in reservoirs containing water. M .: FIPS. 07/10/2009].

The installation includes a foam pipe equipped with valves, a check valve, a safety membrane and a foam generator.

A set of telescopic telescopic tubes of various diameters mounted on a floating plate are vertically mounted at the end of the foam pipe. The upper tube of the kit is equipped with wiring and foam nozzles. In order to fix and tighten the pipes during extension, the kit is equipped with holders and o-rings, and a check valve is installed on the wiring to prevent oil from entering the pipes. The installation is equipped on a vertical steel tank, including internal sectional heaters.

Installation works as follows. Through the inlet pipe, pipeline and the corresponding valve, the oil enters the tank. Using internal heaters, hot steam is supplied to the PBC. A layer of water and a layer of oil are formed in the tank. When oil or petroleum products ignite, the foaming agent solution is supplied to the reservoir using a stationary source or a mobile tanker. In this case, the valves open, the foam check valve, the membrane is activated under pressure. The foaming solution passes through the foam generator and enters the set of pull-out pipes and wiring. After this, the check valve opens, and the foam stream through the foam nozzles enters the upper layer of oil (oil product). Then, due to the lower density, the foam jet enters the surface of the oil (oil product) and forms a foam layer. As a result of the formation of a foam layer and the cessation of access to air oxygen, the fire stops.

The disadvantages of the installation for the stratification of oil and oil products in reservoirs containing water are:

1. A large number of telescopic pipes that can lose mobility during operation.

2. The presence of a safety membrane, which may lose its properties during operation and requires replacement after extinguishing or testing the installation.

3. The possibility of oil (oil product) entering the telescopic pipes through the sealing rings between the pipes.

4. The lack of the ability to extinguish oil and oil products when ignited inside the bunding of the tank.

Also known is the installation of sublayer quenching of oil products with a floating plate and a dosing unit to increase the resistance of the foam [Matveev Yu.A., Kuznetsov VA, Rogatkina N.A. Utility Model Patent No. 138387 of 03/10/2014. Installation of sublayer quenching of oil products with a floating plate and a dosing unit to increase foam resistance.].

This installation consists of a floating plate, which moves vertically along the support pipe, due to a change in the fuel level. A piping with foam nozzles is rigidly mounted to the floating plate. A metal flexible hose is connected to the piping, which is connected to the foam conduit inside the tank. The foam line is equipped with a foam generator, valves and a check valve. A metering unit is connected to the foam pipe, including a pipe with a pump and a container with liquid to increase foam resistance at high temperatures.

Installation works as follows. When a combustible fuel ignites, the foaming agent solution mixed with the dosing liquid using a stationary source, or a moving tank truck, is fed into the tank. At the same time, the valves, check valve, solenoid valve of the foam pipe open. The foaming solution passes through the foam generator and enters the metal flexible sleeve, piping and wiring. After this, the check valve opens, and the foam stream through the foam nozzles enters the upper layer of the oil product. Then, due to the lower density, the foam jet enters the surface of the fuel and lubricant and forms a foam layer above the level of the burning oil product. As a result of the formation of a foam layer and the cessation of access to air oxygen, the fire stops.

The disadvantages of the installation of sublayer quenching of oil products with a floating plate moving vertically along the support pipe are:

1. The lack of the ability to extinguish oil and petroleum products in case of fire inside the bunker of the tank.

2. The inability to extinguish with the simultaneous supply of foam from the bottom and top of the tank.

3. The lack of a valve with increased productivity of the emission of the vapor-air mixture when heating oil and oil product in the tank from a fire in a bunding or in an adjacent PBC.

Also known is the invention "Method of extinguishing a fire in tanks" [V. Seliverstov. and others. Patent for invention No. 221508. Fire extinguishing method in tanks. M .: FIPS. December 10, 2004].

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that fire extinguishing in tanks with flammable and combustible liquids (LVF, GF) is carried out by supplying a fire extinguishing gas-dispersed mixture (GDS) into the combustion zone from bottom to top, formed by supplying gaseous and / or gas pressure liquefied gas phlegmatizer and / or gaseous and / or liquefied homogeneous combustion inhibitor in a container with a powdered or liquid heterogeneous combustion inhibitor having a valve that allows the discharge of GDS when achieved and pressure in the tank is not lower than 0.42 kPa. The discharge of the gas-dispersed mixture is carried out through a perforated atomizer or through several atomizers, which provide atomization of the gas distribution system by 180 ° in the direction parallel to the surface of the burning liquid and in the upper hemisphere above the surface of the liquid. The mass ratio between the gas and dispersed phases of the extinguishing mixture is from 0.2: 1 to 15: 1. In this case, an inert gas (CO ₂ , N ₂ , A ₂ or a mixture thereof) and / or ozone-depleting hydrogen halide are used as the gas component of the GDS, and a fire extinguishing powder composition based on alkali carbonates and / or chlorides or phosphates is used as a heterogeneous combustion inhibitor, and / or alkaline earth metal and / or ammonium or a fog-forming solution of phosphoric acid. In this case, the supply of GDS is carried out simultaneously from the generators of this mixture floating on the surface of the flammable liquor or GJ located along the perimeter of the tank and in its center, and the resulting horizontal spray vector of the peripheral generators is directed to the center, and the central ones to the periphery. The invention provides increased safety of extinguishing while reducing the specific consumption of extinguishing agent.

The disadvantages of the invention "Method of extinguishing a fire in tanks" are:

1. The complexity of the installation, a large number of generators of the dispersed mixture floating on the surface of the oil.

2. The complexity and high cost of devices installing generators of a dispersed mixture on the surface of an oil product.

3. The lack of gas dispersed mixture on top of the tank.

4. The inability to extinguish the fire in the bunding.

The closest in technical essence of the proposed utility model is the installation of fire extinguishing in vertical steel tanks and their debris with a device to prevent explosion during heating of the oil product [Matveev Yu.A., Antonova A.I., Lavrinenko D.F., Yakhont V.V. Utility Model Patent No. 134057 dated November 10, 2013. Installation for extinguishing fires in vertical steel tanks and dipping them with a device to prevent explosion when heating the oil product].

In this installation, a vertical steel tank has a deboning and a foam pipe equipped with valves, a non-return valve, an electromagnetic valve, with a manual opening and closing device, as well as a foam generator.

The foam conduit is rigidly connected with a flexible metal sleeve to the wiring conduit with a check valve and foam nozzles. The wiring is connected to a floating plate, which is mounted on a stationary support pipe connected to the roof and bottom of the tank.

The floating plate moves vertically in the upper layer of oil through the pipe due to a change in the level of fuel in the tank.

Foam sections are connected to the foam line. The first section of the foam is rigidly connected to the annular internal foam with the upper foam nozzles. This section of the foam is equipped with a solenoid valve. The second section of the foam is connected with an annular external foam with lower foam nozzles. This section of the foam is also equipped with a solenoid valve. In order to prevent the explosion of fuel in the tank and to reduce the pressure of the vapor-air mixture from heating by a flame of fire in a collapse or an adjacent PBC, the tank is equipped with an additional breathing valve with increased capacity.

The utility model works as follows. In case of ignition of the fuel, the foaming agent solution is supplied to the reservoir using a stationary source or a mobile tanker. At the same time, the valves, check valve, solenoid valve of the foam pipe open. The foaming solution passes through the foam generator and enters the metal flexible sleeve, piping and wiring. After this, the check valve opens, and the foam stream through the foam nozzles enters the upper layer of the oil product. Then, due to the lower density, the foam jet enters the surface of the fuel and lubricant and forms a foam layer above the level of the burning oil product.

At the same time, through the foam section, the solenoid valve foam is fed into the annular internal foam and through the upper foam nozzles enters the tank.

As a result of the formation of a foam layer and the cessation of access to air oxygen, the fire stops.

Also, simultaneously through the foam section, the solenoid valve foam is fed into the annular external foam and through the lower foam nozzles enters the deboning.

In the event of a fire in a boulder or in an adjacent PBC and heating of fuel in the tank, the pressure of the vapor-air mixture will increase significantly. In this case, the air-vapor mixture will exit through the breathing valve and the increased-performance breathing valve, thereby preventing the explosion of heated oil in the tank and the destruction of the PBC.

The disadvantages of the installation of extinguishing fires in vertical steel tanks and their debris with a device to prevent explosion during heating of the oil product are:

1. Low efficiency of extinguishing a fire of burning oil in some areas with insufficient foam.

2. Long fire extinguishing compared to gas extinguishing installations.

3. The lack of high-performance valve for oil emissions when it boils in the tank.

The proposed utility model allows us to solve the problem of increasing the efficiency of extinguishing oil fires inside vertical steel tanks of large capacity, as well as in the bunding around these tanks.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that the tank is equipped with an additional oil discharge valve, a gas pipeline equipped with an isothermal module with carbon dioxide, a container with a fire extinguishing powder composition, an annular gas pipeline with nozzles for discharging a gas-dispersed mixture, an annular external foam pipe with foam nozzles, a foam pipe connected to a dosing block and rigidly connected to the wiring pipeline mounted on a floating plate, and foam nozzles, while the foam and gas pipelines have separate solenoid valves that allow both simultaneous extinguishing with the supply of foam from the bottom of the tank and into the deboning, and with a gas-dispersed mixture on top of the tank.

These signs are essential for solving the utility model problem, since the efficiency of oil quenching in high-capacity storage tanks and also in bunding increases, the quenching time is significantly reduced, the amount of oil emissions during boiling and the probability of tank destruction are reduced.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3), which depict: a section of a tank with a combined extinguishing unit and with bunding in the initial and working position, as well as a section of a support pipe with a floating plate.

In FIG. 1, 2 shows a tank 1 having a receiving pipe 2 and a pipe 3, a valve 4, a breathing valve 5, a light and metering hatches 6, 7, a ventilation pipe 8, a manhole 9, a foam pipe 10, equipped with valves 11, a check valve 12, an electromagnetic valve 13, with a manual opening and closing device 14, a communication line 15 and a starting device 16, as well as a foam generator 17.

The foam conduit is rigidly connected by a metal flexible sleeve 18 to the conduit 19 of the wiring 20 with a non-return valve 21 and foam nozzles 22. The wiring is connected to a floating plate 23, which is mounted by means of the opening 24 on a stationary support pipe 25 connected to the roof and the bottom of the tank. Check valves are designed to prevent oil from entering the wiring, flexible metal sleeve and foam.

The floating plate moves vertically in the upper layer of oil 26 through the pipe by changing the level of fuel in the tank.

In order to strengthen the design of the tank, the support pipe is rigidly connected by trusses 27 with the side walls of the tank.

In order to prevent oil spills, the tank 1 is equipped with a collapse 28.

A metering unit including a pipe 29, a non-return valve 12, a pump 30 and a container 31 into which the metering liquid 32 is poured is connected to the foam duct 10. A fluorinated quaternary ammonium salt iodide is used as the metering liquid, which is a waxy product of light brown color, hydroscopic, soluble in alcohols. This organofluorine compound in the summer is soluble in water, and in the winter in alcohol. Dosing liquid is designed to increase foam resistance at high temperatures.

A section of the foam pipe 33 is connected to the foam duct 10, which is connected with an external annular foam pipe 34. The external ring foam pipe is equipped with foam nozzles 22. The foam pipe section 33 is equipped with an electromagnetic valve 13 and is designed to extinguish an oil fire in the boulder 28.

Also, a gas pipe 35 is connected to the tank 1, which is intended for supplying a dispersed gas (GDS) to the RCS, which is formed by supplying at least 2 MPa from the isothermal module 36 with the aid of a locking and starting device 37 of liquefied carbon dioxide to a container 38 with an extinguishing powder composition, having a valve 39, which provides the release of GDS when the pressure in the tank is not lower than 0.42 KPa. The discharge of the gas-dispersed mixture is carried out through nozzles 40, providing spraying of the GDS 41 in the tank above the surface of the oil. The mass ratio between the gas and dispersed phases of the extinguishing mixture is from 0.2: 1 to 15: 1. The gas pipeline 35 is rigidly connected to the annular internal gas pipeline 42 on which nozzles 40 are fixed for the production of gas distribution systems. The gas line 35 is equipped with a solenoid valve 13.

In order to prevent the destruction of the tank during boiling and oil release, the RVS is equipped with an additional oil discharge valve 43.

The utility model works as follows.

When a fuel ignites, a foaming solution mixed with a dosing liquid using a stationary source, or a moving tank truck is fed into the tank. At the same time, the gate valves 11, the check valve 12, the electromagnetic valve 13 of the foam conduit 10 open. The foaming solution passes the foam generator 17 and enters the metal flexible sleeve 18, the pipe 19 and the wiring 20. After that, the check valve 21 opens and the foam jet through the foam nozzles 22 enters the upper layer of oil 26. Then, due to the lower density, the foam jet enters the surface of the fuel and lubricant and forms a layer of foam 44 above the level of the burning oil.

At the same time, through the section of the foam duct 33, the electromagnetic valve 13, the external annular foam duct 34, the foam is supplied to the foam nozzles 22 to extinguish the fire in the boulder 28. As a result of the formation of a foam layer and the termination of the access of air oxygen, the fire ceases.

Also, simultaneously through the gas pipeline 35 from the isothermal module 36, carbon dioxide is supplied through the shut-off and start device 37 through a container 38 with a fire extinguishing powder composition. Then opens the valve 39, which provides the supply of the GDS 41 to the inner annular gas line 42 and nozzles 40 for the release of the GDS. After that, the gas-dispersed mixture enters the tank. A mixture of carbon dioxide and extinguishing powder composition in density is heavier than air and air-vapor mixture in the tank.

As a result of the formation of layers of foam and a gas-dispersed mixture and the cessation of access to air oxygen, the fire ceases.

In case of high temperature, smoke and the inability of the operator to work near the tank, the solenoid valves are opened using an electric motor. For this, the operator includes a starting device 16.

When boiling and oil emissions occur, a combustible liquid will escape through an additional oil discharge valve 43, thereby preventing the destruction of the PBC.

With the occurrence of a collapse fire, the operator can only open the electromagnetic valve 13 of the section of the foam pipe 33, which is connected with the foam pipe 10.

It should be noted that the proposed utility model is reliable in operation and allows you to extinguish the fire in a shorter time, both in the tank and in the bunding.

Claims (1)

Combined installation for extinguishing oil fires in vertical steel tanks of large capacity and their debris, characterized in that the tank is equipped with an oil release valve, a gas pipeline equipped with an isothermal module with carbon dioxide, a tank with a fire extinguishing powder composition, an annular gas pipeline with nozzles for discharging a gas-dispersed mixture external foam conduit with foam nozzles, foam conduit connected to the dosing unit and rigidly connected to the wiring pipeline fixed to the float conductive plate and foaming nozzles, wherein penoprovody and gas pipelines have separate electromagnetic valves to perform the simultaneous supply of foam extinguishing with the bottom of the tank and embanking and gas-dispersion mixture from the top of the tank.

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