RU2233006C2 - Device for account of runs of dump trucks - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hardware components of monitoring and recording of runs.

SUBSTANCE: on each object under control the device has a pressure transducer, body position pickup, AND gate, coding unit, transmitter, fuel flow transducer, covered path transducer, high-frequency generator, phase manipulator, power amplifier and a transmitting antenna. On the control station the device has a panoramic receiver, decoder, recording antenna, high-frequency amplifier, search unit, local oscillator, mixer, intermediate-frequency amplifier, the first and second amplitude detectors, the first and second multipliers, narrow-band filter, low-pass filter, the first, second, third and fourth switches, frequency meter, fuel flow meter, covered path counter, detector section, the first and second video amplifiers, comparison unit, the first and second single-pole rectifiers, frequency detector, differentiating unit, second AND gate.

EFFECT: enhanced discrimination, noise immunity of the panoramic receiver, as well as eliminated ambiguity of measurement of the carrier frequency of the received signals.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of technical means of control and registration of flights and can be used in the transportation of municipal solid waste and bulk cargo dump trucks.

Known devices for accounting for transported cargo dump trucks, garbage trucks, trailers, etc. (ed. certificate of the USSR No. 215536, 477330, 498636, 696508, 529936, 769581, 830447, 1123041; RF patent No. 2184992, Khramtsov Yu.V., Figurnov N.V., Shur O.Z. Modern production methods and processing of experimental data when testing automobiles. - M.: NIINavtoprom, 1975, etc.).

Of the known devices, the closest to the proposed one is the “Device for accounting flights of dump trucks” (RF patent No. 2184992, G 07 C 5/08, 2000), which is selected as a prototype.

The specified device provides accounting for flights of dump trucks, allows you to control and record fuel consumption and the distance traveled by dump trucks. It contains a pressure sensor, a body position sensor, an AND element, an encoding unit, a transmitter, a receiver, a decoder, a registration unit, a prohibition element, a pulse shaper, a fuel consumption sensor, a traveled distance sensor, a high frequency generator, a phase manipulator, a power amplifier transmitting antenna, receiving antenna, high-frequency amplifier, search unit, local oscillator, mixer, intermediate-frequency amplifier, amplitude detector, first and second multipliers, narrow-band filter, low-pass filter, key, astotomer, fuel flow meter, trip meter, an additional registration unit.

However, in the panoramic receiver of the device, the same value of the intermediate frequency can be obtained by receiving signals at two frequencies f ₁ and fz, i.e.

fpr = fg – f ₁ and fpr = fz – fg.

Therefore, if the tuning frequency f _{1 is} taken as the main receiving channel, then along with it there will be a mirror receiving channel, the frequency f of which differs from the frequency f _{1 of the} main channel by 2 fпp and is located symmetrically (mirror) with respect to the frequency fg of the local oscillator. The conversion of signals through the mirror channel of the reception occurs with the same conversion coefficient Kpr as the main channel of reception, so it most significantly affects the selectivity and noise immunity of the panoramic receiver (figure 4).

In addition to the mirror, there are other additional (combinational) receive channels that are formed when the carrier frequency of the received signals interacts with the second, third, etc. harmonics of the local oscillator frequency. The most harmful Raman reception channels are those generated by the interaction of the carrier frequency of the received signals with the second harmonic of the local oscillator frequency

fk ₁ = 2fg-fpr and fk ₂ = 2fg + fpr,

since the sensitivity of these channels is close to the sensitivity of the main reception channel.

The presence of false signals (interference) received via mirror and Raman channels leads to a decrease in the selectivity and noise immunity of the panoramic receiver, as well as to an ambiguity in the measurement of the carrier frequency of the received signals.

An object of the invention is to increase the selectivity and noise immunity of the panoramic receiver of the device, as well as the elimination of the ambiguity of measuring the carrier frequency of the received signals by suppressing false signals (interference) received through the mirror and Raman channels.

The problem is solved in that a device for accounting for dump truck trips, comprising, at each controlled dump truck, a pressure sensor connected in series, a first element And, the second input of which is connected to the output of the body position sensor, a coding unit, the second and third inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the fuel consumption sensor and a sensor of the distance traveled, respectively, a phase manipulator, the second input of which is connected to the output of the high-frequency generator, a power amplifier and a transmitting antenna, and at control serially connected receiving antenna, high-frequency amplifier, mixer, the second input of which is connected through the local oscillator to the output of the search unit, the intermediate frequency amplifier and the first amplitude detector, the first key, the frequency meter and the second recording unit, the second, third and the fourth inputs of which are connected directly and through the fuel consumption meter and the distance traveled counter with the corresponding outputs of the decoder, the first a multiplier, the second input of which is connected to the output of the low-pass filter, a narrow-band filter, a second multiplier and a low-pass filter, the output of which is connected to the decoder, the output units of which are connected to the execution units by the number of monitored dump trucks, each of which consists of a prohibition element connected in series to the decoder , the first registration unit and the pulse duration driver, the output of which is connected to the inhibit input of the inhibit element, while the transmitting antennas are monitored by of dump trucks through radio channels are connected to the receiving antenna of the control point, equipped with a second amplitude detector, two video amplifiers, a comparison unit, a frequency detector, a differentiating block, two unipolar valves, a second And element, a second, third and fourth keys, and to the output of the high-frequency amplifier in series a second amplitude detector, a first video amplifier, a comparison unit, the second input of which is connected through the second video amplifier to the output of the first amplitude detector, are connected , the first unipolar valve, the third key and the fourth key, the second input of which is connected to the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier, and the output is connected to the first input of the first multiplier and to the second input of the second multiplier, the frequency detector, the differentiating unit, are connected in series to the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier, the second unipolar valve, the second element And, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first amplitude detector, and the second key, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second video amplifier, and the output is connected to the second input of the third key, the second input of the first key is connected to the output of the third key.

The structural diagram of the proposed device is presented in figure 1. Timing diagrams explaining the operation of the device are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. A frequency diagram explaining the reason for the formation of additional receiving channels is shown in FIG. 4.

The device contains at each controlled object a pressure sensor 1 connected in series, element 3, the second input of which is connected to the output of the body position sensor 2, an encoding unit 4, the second and third inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the fuel consumption sensor 11 and the sensor 12 of the distance traveled, respectively, a phase manipulator 14, the second input of which is connected to the output of the high-frequency generator 13, the power amplifier 15 and the transmitting antenna 16. The phase manipulator 14, the high-frequency generator 13 and the power amplifier 15 form transmitter 5.

The device contains at the control point a series-connected receiving antenna 17, a high-frequency amplifier 18, a mixer 21, the second input of which is connected through the local oscillator 20 to the output of the search unit 19, an intermediate-frequency amplifier 22, a first amplitude detector 23, a second video amplifier 42, a second key 43, the third key 44, the fourth key 45, the second input of which is connected to the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier 22, the first multiplier 24, the second input of which is connected to the output of the low-pass filter 27, a narrow-band filter 26, the second multiply spruce 25, the second input of which is connected to the output of the key 45, and a low-pass filter 27, the output of which is connected to the decoder 7, to the outputs of which are connected the execution units, each of which consists of a ban element 9 connected in series to the decoder 7, the first block 8 registration and the shaper 10 of the pulse duration, the output of which is connected to the inhibitory input of the element 9 prohibition. To the output of the high-frequency amplifier 18, a second amplitude detector 34, a first video amplifier 35, a comparison unit 36, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second video amplifier 42, and a first unipolar valve 37, the output of which is connected to the second input of the third key 44 are connected in series. To the second output the local oscillator 20 is connected in series with the first key 28, the second input of which is connected to the output of the third key 44, the frequency meter 29 and the second registration unit 32, the second, third and fourth inputs of which are connected directly and through a fuel consumption meter 30 and a distance meter 31 with corresponding outputs of the decoder 7. A frequency detector 38, a differentiating unit 39, a second unipolar valve 40, a second element And 41, the second input of which is connected to the output of the amplitude detector 23, are connected in series to the output of the amplifier 22 of the intermediate frequency , and the output is connected to the second input of the key 43. The device operates as follows.

When lifting a body with a load, the pressure in the oil line of the lifting body increases, the pressure sensor 1 generates a signal that is fed to the first input of element And 3. At the output of the latter, a signal is generated only when a signal from the sensor 2 of the body position also arrives at its second input. which gives a signal only when the body is raised to the upper position. If there are two signals from the pressure sensor 1 and the sensor 2 position of the body element And 3 is triggered and selects a signal that is fed to the first input of coding unit 4.

When the truck is moving, signals from the fuel consumption sensor 11 and the sensor 12 of the distance traveled in the form of a series of pulses also arrive at the second and third inputs of the coding unit 4, respectively. Block 4 encoding generates a modulating code M ₁ (t) (Fig. 5, b), in which information about the license plate number of the dump truck, the amount of lifting the body with the load, fuel consumption and the distance traveled is “sewn”. The modulating code M ₁ (t), containing N elementary parcels of duration τe, while the first n elementary parcels carry digital information about the license plate of the truck, m subsequent elementary parcels are allocated to the amount of body lift with cargo, l elementary parcels report fuel consumption and z elementary parcels reflect the distance traveled by a dump truck (N = n + m + l + z).

The modulating code M ₁ (t) (Fig. 5, b) from the output of the coding unit 4 is fed to the first input of the phase manipulator 14, to the second input of which harmonic oscillation is output from the output of the generator 13 (Fig. 5, a)

U ₁ (t) = V ₁ Cos (2πf ₁ t + φ ₁ ), 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

where V ₁ , f ₁ , φ _l , T ₁ - amplitude, carrier frequency, initial phase and duration of the oscillation.

At the output of the phase manipulator 14, a phase-shift (PSK) signal is generated (Fig. 5, c)

U ₂ (t) = V ₁ · Cos [2πf ₁ t + φк ₁ (t) + φ _l ], 0≤t≤T _l ,

where φк ₁ (t) = {0, π} is the manipulated component of the phase that displays the law of phase manipulation in accordance with the modulating code M ₁ (t), and φ _к1 (t) = const for кτэ <t <(к + 1) · Τэ and can change abruptly at t = кτэ, i.e. at the boundaries between elementary premises (k = 1,2, ..., N-1),

τe, N is the duration and number of chips that make up a signal of duration T ₁ (T ₁ = Nτэ), which, after amplification in the power amplifier 15, is transmitted to the air using a transmitting antenna 16.

It should be noted that each dump truck has its own modulating code Ml (t) and carrier frequency fi (i = 1,2, ..., S), where S is the number of controlled dump trucks.

At the control point, the search for FMN signals belonging to various dump trucks is carried out using a panoramic receiver 6. For this, the search unit 19 periodically with a period of Tp changes the frequency fg of the local oscillator 20 according to a sawtooth law.

Received FMN signal U ₂ (t) from the output of the receiving antenna 17 through the high-frequency amplifier 18 is supplied to the first input of the mixer 21, the second input of which is the voltage of the local oscillator 20

Ug (t) = Vg Cos (2πfgt + πγ · t ² + φg), 0≤t≤Tp,

where Ug, fg, φg, Tp - amplitude, initial frequency, initial phase and the repetition period of the local oscillator voltage,

γ = Df / Tп - rate of change of the local oscillator frequency (speed of viewing a given frequency range Df).

At the output of the mixer 21, voltages of combination frequencies are generated. The amplifier 22 is allocated the voltage of the intermediate (differential) frequency (figure 5, g)

Uпp (t) = Vпp · Cos [2π · fпp · t-φк ₁ (t) + π · γ · t ² + φпp], 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

where Vpp = _^1/2 × K ₁ · V ₁ · Vz,

K ₁ - gear ratio of the mixer;

γ = Df / Tп = Δfg / τи = Δfg / T ₁ - rate of change of the local oscillator frequency;

Δfg - frequency deviation;

fпp = fг-f ₁ - intermediate frequency;

φpr = φg-φ ₁ .

This voltage is a complex signal with combined phase shift keying and linear frequency modulation (FMN-LFM). In this case, the signal acquires linear frequency modulation in the passband Δfп of the intermediate-frequency amplifier 22 due to a linear change in the frequency of the local oscillator 20. This circumstance can be used to suppress false signals (interference) received via additional channels.

The voltage Uпр (t) (Fig. 2, a) from the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier 22 is simultaneously supplied to the inputs of the amplitude detector 23 and the frequency detector 38. The amplitude detector 23 extracts the signal envelope (Fig. 2, c, Fig. 5, g), which arrives at the first input of element And 41. The frequency detector 38 generates a sawtooth voltage (Fig.2, g), proportional to the linearly increasing law of frequency variation (Fig.2, b). This voltage is supplied to the input of the differentiating unit 39, at the output of which a rectangular pulse is generated (Fig. 2, e), which through a unipolar valve 40 (Fig. 2, f) is supplied to the second input of the And 41 element. Unipolar valves 37 and 40 only pass positive impulses. At the output of element And 41, a positive pulse is generated (Fig. 2, g), which is fed to the control input of key 43 and opens it. In the initial state, the keys 28, 43, 44 and 45 are always closed.

The simultaneously received FMN signal U ₂ (t) from the output of the high-frequency amplifier 18 through the amplitude detector 34 and the video amplifier 35 is supplied to the first input of the comparison unit 36, the second input of which is supplied with the voltage from the output of the video amplifier 42.

Therefore, in this case, two paths are used: a detector, consisting of a series-connected amplitude detector 34 and a video amplifier 35, and a superheterodyne, consisting of a series-connected mixer 21, the second input of which is connected to the output of the local oscillator 20, the intermediate frequency amplifier 22, the amplitude detector 23 and video amplifier 42. At the output of the comparison unit 36, a constant voltage is generated, which through a unipolar valve 37 is supplied to the control input of the key 44 and opens it. A constant positive voltage (figure 2, g) from the output of the element And 41 through the public keys 43 and 44 is supplied to the control input of the key 45 and opens it. In this case, the voltage Uпр (t) (Fig. 2, a) from the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier 22 through the public key 45 is supplied to the inputs of the multipliers 24 and 25. The voltage from the output of the narrow-band filter 26 is supplied to the second input of the multiplier 25 (Fig. 5, d )

U ₃ (t) = V ₃ · Cos [2π · fпp · t + φк ₁ (t) + π · γ · t + φпp], 0≤t≤T ₁ .

The output of the multiplier 25 is formed of a low-frequency voltage (Fig.5, e)

Un (t) = Vn Cosφk ₁ (t), 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

where Vr = _^1/2 · K ₂ · V ₃ Vpp;

K ₂ - transfer coefficient of the multiplier,

proportional to the modulating code M ₁ (t) (Fig.5, b). This voltage is allocated by the low-pass filter 27 and fed to the second input of the multiplier 24, the output of which is formed by the voltage U ₃ (t) (Fig. 5, d).

At the same time, the voltage Un (t) from the output of the low-pass filter 27 is supplied to the input of the decoder 7, which, depending on the vehicle code, gives a signal through the entry prohibition element 9 of the registration unit 8. The check-in block 8, having received and remembering the signal that the flight has been completed, issues a signal to the former 10, which closes the input of the check-in block 8 from the decoder 7 for the minimum flight time, excluding the false offset of the flight in the check-in block 8 when the body is re-lifted in case of sticking body walls. In addition, when lifting an empty body, the pressure sensor 1 does not give a signal.

Constant voltage from the output of the element And 41 through the public keys 43 and 44 is supplied to the control input of the key 28, opening it. The voltage of the local oscillator 20 through the public key 28 is fed to the input of the frequency meter 29, where the carrier frequency f _{1 of the} received FMN signal is measured

f ₁ = f _g1 - fпp,

where fg ₁ - the frequency of the local oscillator at a given time.

The measured value of the carrier frequency is recorded by the registration unit 32, where the on-board number of the truck, its path and fuel consumption are simultaneously recorded.

At the same time, complex FMN signals with high energy and structural secrecy are used to transfer the operational performance of vehicles to the control point.

The energy secrecy of these signals is due to their high compressibility in time or in the spectrum with optimal processing, which reduces the instantaneous radiated power. As a result, a complex PSK signal at the receiving point may be masked by noise. Moreover, the energy of a complex FMN signal is by no means small; it is simply distributed over the time-frequency domain so that at each point of this region the signal power is less than the noise power.

The structural secrecy of complex FMN signals is due to the wide variety of their forms and significant ranges of parameter values, which makes it difficult to optimize or at least quasi-optimal processing complex FMN signals of an a priori unknown structure.

This device allows you to free people engaged in accounting and registration of operational performance of vehicles, and provides for the possibility of a single dispatch at the facility.

The operation of the device described above corresponds to the case of receiving useful FMN signals on the main channel at a frequency f ₁ .

If a false signal (interference) is received on the mirror channel at a frequency

U ₃ (t) = V ₃ Cos (2πf ₃ t + φ ₃ ), 0≤t≤T ₃ ,

then the amplifier 22 of the intermediate frequency is allocated voltage (figure 3, a)

Upr ₁ (t) = Vpr ₁ · Cos [2π · fpr · t-π · γ · t ² + φpr ₁ ], 0≤t≤T ₃ ,

where Vpp ₁ = _^1/2 × K · V ₁ · V _{d 3;}

fпp = f ₃ –f _g - intermediate frequency;

φпp ₁ = φ ₃ -φ _g ,

in which the frequency varies according to a linear feed law (Fig. 3, b). At the output of the differentiating unit 39, in this case, a negative pulse is generated (Fig. 3, e), which is not passed by the unipolar valve 40. The key 43 does not open, and the false signal (interference) received through the mirror channel at a frequency f ₃ is suppressed.

The suppression of false signals (interference) received via combinational channels is based on the fact that the total gain of the superheterodyne path when receiving signals through combinational channels is always less than the gain when receiving signals through the main and mirror channels due to additional losses in the mixer during combinational conversion.

If the total gain of the detector path is chosen so that it is less than the gain of the superheterodyne path when receiving signals through the main and mirror channels and more when receiving via combinational channels, then the output of the comparison unit 36 generates a positive voltage in the first case and a negative voltage in the second voltage that is not passed by the unipolar valve 37. The key 44 does not open and false signals (interference) received through the combination channels are suppressed.

Thus, the proposed device in comparison with the prototype and other technical solutions for a similar purpose provides increased selectivity and noise immunity of the panoramic receiver of the device, and also eliminates the ambiguity of measuring the carrier frequency of the received signals. This is achieved by suppressing false signals (interference) received through the mirror and Raman channels. Moreover, to suppress false signals (interference) received via the mirror channel, the method of amplitude and frequency detection of received signals is used. And to suppress false signals (interference) received via Raman channels, a method based on the use of the detector and superheterodyne paths, which differ in the gain when receiving signals on the main (mirror) and Raman channels, is used. In addition, the carrier frequency is measured only for signals received only on the main channel at a frequency f ₁ .

This eliminates the ambiguity of the measurement of the carrier frequency of the received signals.

Claims (1)

A device for recording the dump truck flights, containing on each controlled dump truck a pressure sensor connected in series, the first element And, the second input of which is connected to the output of the body position sensor, a coding unit, the second and third inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the fuel consumption sensor and the sensor of the traveled path, respectively, a phase manipulator, the second input of which is connected to the output of the high-frequency generator, a power amplifier and a transmitting antenna, and in series at the control point a receiving antenna, a high-frequency amplifier, a mixer, the second input of which is connected through the local oscillator to the output of the search unit, an intermediate-frequency amplifier and a first amplitude detector connected in series to the second output of the local oscillator, the first key, the frequency meter and the second recording unit, the second, third and fourth inputs of which connected directly and through a fuel consumption meter and a traveled meter with the corresponding outputs of the decoder, the first multiplier connected in series, the second input of which dinene with the output of the low-pass filter, a narrow-band filter, a second multiplier and a low-pass filter, the output of which is connected to the decoder, the outputs of which are connected by the number of monitored dump trucks, the execution units, each of which consists of a prohibition element, the first registration unit, connected in series to the decoder a pulse duration shaper, the output of which is connected to the inhibitory input of the inhibit element, while the transmitting antennas of the controlled dump trucks through radio channels connected to the receiving antenna of the control point, characterized in that it is equipped with a second amplitude detector, two video amplifiers, a comparison unit, a frequency detector, a differentiating unit, two unipolar gates, a second AND element, a second, third and fourth keys, and to the output of a high-frequency amplifier a second amplitude detector, a first video amplifier, a comparison unit, the second input of which is connected through the second video amplifier to the output of the first amplitude detector, the first one a polar gate, a third key and a fourth key, the second input of which is connected to the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier, and the output is connected to the first input of the first multiplier and to the second input of the second multiplier, a frequency detector, a differentiating unit, and a second unipolar valve are connected in series to the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier , the second element And, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first amplitude detector, and the second key, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second video amplifier, and the output is sub li ne to the second input of the third switch, the second input of the first switch is connected to the output of a third key.

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