RU2249252C2 - Tipping trucks run counter - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: run inspection and registration.

SUBSTANCE: counter has at any object controlled the pressure transducer, trunk position detector. First AND gate, coding unit, transmitter, fuel consumption detector, passed distance detector, high frequency oscillator, phase manipulator, power amplifier and transmitting aerial. Check point of the device has panoramic receiver, decoder, registration units, prohibition gate, pulse duration former. Receiving aerial. High frequency amplifier, search unit, heterodyne, mixer, intermediate frequency amplifier, amplitude detectors, multipliers, narrow band filter, lower frequency filter, switches, frequency meter, fuel consumption counter, passed distance counter, video amplifier, comparison unit, single-pole valves, frequency detector, differentiating unit, second AND gate. Ambiguity of measurement of carrier is eliminated due to suppression of false signals (errors0 received along additional channels.

EFFECT: improved reliability of operation.

20 dwg

Description

The proposed device relates to the field of technical means of control and registration of flights, can be used for transportation of municipal solid waste and bulk cargo dump trucks.

Known devices for accounting for transported cargo dump trucks, garbage trucks, trailers, etc. (ed. certificate of the USSR No. 215536, G 01 D 5/248, 1967; No. 477330, G 01 M 13/60, 1972; No. 498636, G 07 C 5/08, 1974; No. 529936, G 07 C 5 / 10, 1975; No. 696508, G 07 C 5/10, 1977; No. 769581, G 07 C 5/10, 1978; No. 830447, G 07 C 5/08, 1979; No. 1123041, G 07 C 5/08, 1983; RF patent No. 2184992, G 07 C 5/08, 2000; Khramtsov Yu.V., Figurov N.V., Shur O.Z. Modern methods for obtaining and processing experimental data in automobile tests. 1975, etc.) Of the known devices, the closest to the proposed one is the "Device for accounting flights of dump trucks" (RF patent No. 2184992, G 07 С 5/08, 2000), which is selected as a prototype.

The specified device provides accounting for flights, fuel consumption and the distance traveled by dump trucks.

The structure of this device includes a panoramic receiver in which the same value of the intermediate frequency f _pr can be obtained by receiving signals at two frequencies f ₁ and f _s , i.e.

f _ol = f _g -f ₁ and f _ol = f _s -f _g .

Therefore, if the tuning frequency f ₁ taken as the main receiving channel, along with it will be a mirror reception channel, the frequency f _of which differs from the frequency f ₁ 2f _straight and located symmetrically (mirror) relative to the local oscillator frequency f _r (FIG. 3). Conversion on the mirror channel of the reception occurs with the same conversion coefficient K _ol as on the main channel. Therefore, it most significantly affects the selectivity and noise immunity of the panoramic receiver.

In addition to the mirror, there are other additional (combinational) reception channels. In general terms, any combination receive channel takes place when the following conditions are met:

f _ave = | ± mf _Ki ± nf _r |,

where f _Ki is the frequency of the i-th Raman reception channel;

m, n, i are positive integers.

The most harmful Raman reception channels are those generated by the interaction of the first harmonic of the signal frequency with the harmonic of the local oscillator frequency of the second order (second, third, etc.), since the sensitivity of the panoramic receiver through these channels is close to the sensitivity of the main channel. So, two combination channels with m = 1 and n = 2 correspond to frequencies:

f _Ki = 2f _g -f _pr and f _K2 = 2f _g + f _pr

The presence of false signals (interference) received via the mirror and Raman channels leads to a decrease in the noise immunity of the panoramic receiver and the ambiguity in measuring the carrier frequency and other parameters of the received signals.

An object of the invention is to increase the noise immunity of a panoramic receiver and eliminate the ambiguity of measuring the carrier frequency and other parameters of the received signals by suppressing false signals (interference) received via additional channels.

The problem is solved in that a device for recording dump truck trips containing, on each monitored dump truck, a pressure sensor connected in series, a first element And, the second input of which is connected to the output of the body position sensor, a coding unit, the second and third inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the fuel consumption sensors and the distance traveled, respectively, a phase manipulator, the second input of which is connected to the output of the high-frequency generator, a power amplifier and a transmitting antenna, and at the control point I have a receiving antenna, a high-frequency amplifier, a mixer, the second input of which through the local oscillator is connected to the output of the search unit, the intermediate-frequency amplifier, the first amplitude detector, the first key, the second input of which is connected to the second output of the local oscillator, a frequency meter and an additional recording unit, in series included the first multiplier, the second input of which is connected to the output of the low-pass filter, a narrow-band filter, the second multiplier, a low-pass filter and a decoder, to the outputs of the cat Executive units are connected by the number of monitored dump trucks, each of which consists of a ban element, a registration unit and a pulse shaper, the output of which is connected to the inhibit input of the ban element, and the second, third and fourth inputs of the additional registration block are connected directly and through the fuel consumption meter and the distance meter with the corresponding outputs of the decoder, the panoramic receiver of the device is equipped with a second amplitude detectors, a video amplifier, a comparison unit, two unipolar vents, a frequency detector, a differentiating unit, a second And element, a second and third keys, and a second amplitude detector, a video amplifier, a comparison unit, the second input of which is connected to the output of the high-frequency amplifier the output of the first amplitude detector, the first unipolar valve and the second switch, the output of which is connected to the first input of the first multiplier and to the second input of the second multiplier, to the intermediate frequency amplifier is connected in series with a frequency detector, a differentiating unit, a second unipolar fan, a second AND element, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first amplitude detector, and a third key, the second input of which is connected to the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier, and the output is connected to the second input second key.

The structural diagram of the proposed device is presented in figure 1. Timing diagrams explaining the operation of the device shown in figure 2. Timing diagrams explaining the operation of the panoramic receiver when receiving signals on the main channel are presented in figure 3. Timing diagrams explaining the operation of the panoramic receiver when receiving signals on the mirror channel are presented in figure 4.

The device contains at each controlled object a pressure sensor 1 connected in series, the first element And 3, the second input of which is connected to the output of the body position sensor 2, an encoding unit 4, the second and third inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the fuel consumption sensor 11 and the sensor 12 of the distance traveled, respectively , phase manipulator 14, the second input of which is connected to the output of high-frequency generator 13, power amplifier 15 and transmitting antenna 16. High-frequency generator 13, phase manipulator 14 and power amplifier 15 Name the transmitter 5.

The device comprises a receiving antenna 17, a high-frequency amplifier 18, a mixer 21, the second input of which through the local oscillator 20 is connected to the output of the search unit 19, an intermediate-frequency amplifier 22, a first amplitude detector 23, a first key 28, the second input of which is connected at the control point with the second output of the local oscillator 20, the frequency counter 29 and the block 32 registration. A second amplitude detector 33, a video amplifier 34, a comparison unit 35, the second input of which is connected to the output of the amplitude detector 23, the first unipolar valve 36, the second key 37, the first multiplier 24, the second input of which is connected to the output of the filter, are connected in series to the output of the high-frequency amplifier 18 27 low frequencies, a narrow-band filter 26, a second multiplier 25, the second input of which is connected to the output of the key 37, a low-pass filter 25 and a decoder 7, the outputs of which are connected by the number of controlled objects blocks, each of which consists of a ban element 9, a registration block 8 and a pulse shaper 10, the output of which is connected to the blocking input of the ban element 9, connected in series to the decoder 7. The second, third and fourth inputs of the registration unit 32 are connected directly and through the fuel consumption meter 30 and the distance traveled meter 31 to the corresponding outputs of the decoder 7. To the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier 22, a frequency detector 38, a differentiating unit 39, and a second unipolar valve 40 are connected in series the second element And 41, the second input of which is connected to the output of the amplitude detector 23, and the third key 42, the second input of which is connected to the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier 22, and the output is connected to the second input key 37.

The device operates as follows.

When lifting a body with a load, the pressure in the oil line of the body lifting increases, the pressure sensor 1 gives a signal to the element And 3. The latter gives a signal only when it also receives a signal from the sensor 2 of the body position, which gives a signal only when raised to the upper position bodywork. If there are two signals from the pressure sensor 1 and the sensor 2 position of the body element And 3 gives a signal to the first input of block 4 coding.

When the truck is moving, signals from the fuel consumption sensor 11 and the sensor 12 of the distance traveled in the form of a series of pulses also arrive at the second and third inputs of the coding unit 4. Block 4 encoding generates a modulating code M ₁ (t) (Fig.2, b), in which information about the license plate number of the dump truck, the amount of lifting the body with the load, fuel consumption and the distance traveled is “sewn”. The modulating code M ₁ (t) contains N chips of duration τ _e . At the same time, the first n elementary parcels carry digital information about the license plate number of the dump truck, m elementary parcels are assigned to the amount of body lift with cargo, l elementary parcels report fuel consumption and z elementary parcels reflect the distance traveled by the dump truck (N = n + m + l + z).

The modulating code M ₁ (t) (Fig. 2, b) from the output of the coding unit 4 is fed to the first input of the phase manipulator 14, to the second input of which harmonic oscillation is output from the output of the generator 13 (Fig. 2, a)

u ₁ (t) = U ₁ Cos (2π f ₁ t + φ ₁ ), 0≤ t≤ T ₁ ,

where U ₁ , f ₁ , φ _i , T ₁ - amplitude, carrier frequency, initial phase and duration of the oscillation.

At the output of the phase manipulator 14, a phase-shift (PSK) signal is generated (Fig. 2, c)

u ₂ (t) = U ₁ Cos [2π f ₁ t + φ _K1 (t) + φ ₁ ], 0≤ t≤ T ₁ ,

where φ _K1 (t) = {0, π} is the manipulated phase component that displays the phase manipulation law in accordance with the modulating code M ₁ (t), and φ _K1 (t) = const for kτ _e <t <(k + 1 ) τ _e and can change abruptly at t = kτ _e , i.e. at the boundaries between elementary premises (k = 1, 2, ..., N-1);

τ _e , N - the duration and number of chips that make up the signal with a duration of T ₁ (T ₁ = Nτ _e );

which, after amplification in the power amplifier 15, is transmitted to the air via a transmitting antenna 16.

It should be noted that each dump truck has its own modulating code Mi (t) and carrier frequency f _i (i = 1,2, ..., S), where S is the number of controlled dump trucks.

At the control point, the search for PSK signals belonging to various dump trucks is carried out using a panoramic receiver 6. For this, the search unit 19 periodically with a period T _p according to the sawtooth law changes the frequency f _{g of the} local oscillator 20.

Received QPSK signal u ₂ (t) from the output of the receiving antenna 17 through the high-frequency amplifier 18 is supplied to the first input of the mixer 21, the second input of which is the voltage of the local oscillator 20

u _g (t) = U _g Cos (2π f _g t + π γ t ² + φ _g ), 0≤ t≤ T _p ,

where U _g , f _g , φ _g T _p - amplitude, initial frequency, initial phase and the repetition period of the local oscillator voltage;

γ = Df / Tn is the rate of change of the local oscillator frequency (the speed of viewing a given frequency range Df).

At the output of the mixer 21, voltages of combination frequencies are generated. The amplifier 22 is allocated the voltage of the intermediate (differential) frequency (figure 2, g)

u _pr (t) = U _pr Cos [2π f _pr t-φ _к1 (t) + π γ t ² + φ _pr ], 0≤ t≤ T ₁ ,

U _ave = _^1/2 K ₁ U ₁ U _g

f _CR = f _g -f ₁ - intermediate frequency;

φ _ol = φ ₁ -φ _g ;

To ₁ - gear ratio of the mixer;

which is a complex signal with combined phase shift keying and linear frequency modulation (FMN-LUM). Moreover, the linear frequency modulation is formed by force due to a change in the frequency of the local oscillator. This voltage (Fig. 4, a), the frequency of which varies according to the law of a linearly increasing saw (Fig. 4, b), is supplied from the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier 22 to the inputs of the amplitude detector 23 and the frequency detector 38. The amplitude detector selects the signal envelope ( figure 2, g; figure 4, c), which is fed to the first inputs of the element And 41, block 35 comparison and to the control input of the key 28, opening it. In the initial state, keys 28, 37 and 42 are always closed. From the output of the frequency detector 38, the video signal U _4D (Fig. 4, d), the shape of which corresponds to the law of changing the frequency of the converted signal (Fig. 4, b), is fed to the input of the differentiating unit 39, the output pulse of which is fed through the unipolar valve 40 to the second input element And 41. Unipolar valve 40 passes only positive impulses. Since the voltages from the outputs of the amplitude detector 23 (Fig. 4, c) and the unipolar valve 40 (Fig. 4, e) occupy the same interval on the time axis, the element And 41 is also triggered by its output voltage (Fig. 4, e) opens the key 42.

At the same time, the received QPSK signal u ₂ (t) from the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier 18 is fed to the input of the detector path, consisting of a series-connected amplitude detector 33 and video amplifier 34. The total gain of the detector path is less than the gain of the superheterine path, consisting of a series-connected mixer 21, an amplifier 22 of the intermediate frequency and amplitude detector 23, a positive voltage is generated at the output of the comparison unit 35, which is supplied to the control unit via a unipolar valve 36 key 37 moves and opens it. In this case, the voltage u _pr (t) (Fig.2d) from the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier 22 through the public keys 42 and 37 is supplied to the first inputs of the multipliers 24 and 25. The voltage from the output of the narrow-band filter 26 is supplied to the second input of the multiplier 25 (Fig. .2, d)

u ₃ (t) = U ₃ Cos (2π f _pr t + π γ t ² + φ _pr ), 0≤ t≤ T ₁ .

The output of the multiplier 25 is formed of a low-frequency voltage (Fig.2, e)

u _n (t) = U _n Cosφ _K1 (t), 0≤ t≤ T ₁ ,

where U _n = ¹ / K _{2 2} U U _{pr 3;}

K ₂ is the transmission coefficient of the multiplier;

proportional to the modulating code M ₁ (t) (figure 2, b).

This voltage is supplied to the second input of the multiplier 24, the output of which is formed by the voltage u ₃ (t) (Fig.2, d). At the same time, the voltage u _n (t) from the output of the low-pass filter 27 is supplied to the input of the decoder 7, which, depending on the vehicle code, gives a signal through the entry banning element 9 of the registration unit 8. The check-in block 8, having received and remembering the signal that the flight has been made, gives a signal to the former 10, which closes the input of the check-in block 8 from the decoder 7 for the minimum flight time, excluding the false offset of the flight in the check-in block 8 when the body is re-lifted in case of sticking body walls. In addition, when lifting an empty body, the pressure sensor 1 does not give a signal.

The voltage u _CR (t) (figure 2, g) is simultaneously supplied to the input of the amplitude detector 23, which selects its envelope U _AD (figure 2, g). The latter enters the control input of the key 28, opening it. In the initial state, the key 28 is always closed. The voltage of the local oscillator 20 through the public key 28 is fed to the input of the frequency meter 29, where the carrier frequency f _{1 of the} received FMN signal is measured

f ₁ = f _g1 + f _PR ,

where f _g1 - the frequency of the local oscillator at a given time.

The measured value of the carrier frequency is recorded by the registration unit 32, where the on-board number of the dump truck, its path and fuel consumption are simultaneously recorded.

The operation of the device described above corresponds to the case of receiving useful QPSK signals on the main channel at a frequency f ₁ (Fig. 3).

In the case of receiving a false signal (interference) through the mirror channel at a frequency f _3, the And 41 element does not work and the key 42 remains in the closed state. This is due to the fact that an amplifier 22 of an intermediate frequency is allocated a voltage (Fig. 5, a), the frequency of which varies according to a linearly falling law (Fig. 5, b). This voltage is supplied to the inputs of the amplitude 23 and frequency 38 detectors. The amplitude detector 23 selects the envelope of the signal (figure 5, c), which is fed to the first input of the element And 41. From the output of the frequency detector 38, a video signal (figure 5, d), the derivative of which has a negative sign (figure 5, d), does not pass through the unipolar valve 40, the AND 41 element does not work, the key 42 does not open and the false signal (interference) received through the mirror channel is suppressed.

To suppress false signals (interference) received through the Raman channels, a detector track is used, consisting of a series-connected amplitude detector 33 and a video amplifier 34. The suppression of false signals (interference) received via Raman channels is based on the fact that the overall gain of the superheterodyne path when receiving false signals (interference) through combinational channels, it is always less than the gain when receiving through the main and mirror channels due to additional losses in the mixer during combining transformational transformation. If the total gain of the detector path is chosen so that it is less than the gain of the superheterodyne path when receiving signals through the main and mirror channels and more when receiving via combinational channels, then the positive voltage is generated at the output of the comparison block 35, and the negative voltage in the second , which is not passed by the unipolar valve 36. The key 37 does not open and false signals (interference) received through the mirror and Raman channels are suppressed.

For the operational transfer of the operational performance of vehicles to the control point, complex PSK signals are used that have high energy and structural secrecy.

The energy secrecy of these signals is due to their high compressibility in time or spectrum with optimal processing, which reduces the instantaneous radiated power. As a result, a complex QPSK signal at the receiving point may be masked by noise. Moreover, the energy of a complex QPSK signal is by no means small; it is simply distributed over the time-frequency domain so that at each point of this region the signal power is less than the noise power.

The structural secrecy of complex QPSK signals is due to the wide variety of their forms and significant ranges of parameter values, which makes it difficult to optimize or at least quasi-optimal processing of complex QPSK signals of an a priori unknown structure.

The device allows you to free people engaged in accounting and registration of operational indicators of vehicles and provides for the possibility of a single dispatch at the facility.

Thus, the proposed device in comparison with the prototype provides increased noise immunity of the panoramic receiver and eliminates the ambiguity of measuring the carrier frequency and other parameters of the received signals. This is achieved by suppressing false signals (interference) received via additional channels.

Claims (1)

A device for recording the dump truck flights, containing on each monitored dump truck a pressure sensor connected in series, the first element And, the second input of which is connected to the output of the body position sensor, a coding unit, the second and third inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the fuel consumption sensors and the distance traveled, respectively, phase a manipulator, the second input of which is connected to the output of the high-frequency generator, a power amplifier and a transmitting antenna, and at the control point, the receiver is connected in series antenna, high-frequency amplifier, mixer, the second input of which is connected through the local oscillator to the output of the search unit, the intermediate frequency amplifier, the first amplitude detector, the first key, the second input of which is connected to the second local oscillator output, a frequency meter and an additional recording unit, the first multiplier connected in series the second input of which is connected to the output of the low-pass filter, a narrow-band filter, a second multiplier, a low-pass filter and a decoder, the outputs of which are connected by the number of of executive dump trucks, each of which consists of a prohibition element, a registration unit and a pulse shaper connected in series to a decoder, the output of which is connected to a prohibition input of the prohibition element, while the second, third and fourth inputs of the additional registration unit are connected directly and through a flow meter fuel meter and distance meter with corresponding outputs of the decoder, characterized in that the control point is equipped with a second amplitude detector, video a amplifier, a comparison unit, two unipolar valves, a frequency detector, a differentiating unit, a second And element, a second and third keys, and a second amplitude detector, a video amplifier, a comparison unit, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first amplitude detector, are connected in series to the output of the high-frequency amplifier , the first unipolar valve and the second switch, the output of which is connected to the first input of the first multiplier and to the second input of the second multiplier, to the output of the amplifier of the intermediate part you sequentially connected frequency detector, differentiator, a second unipolar gate, a second AND gate, a second input coupled to an output of the first amplitude detector, and the third switch, a second input coupled to an output of intermediate frequency amplifier, and an output connected to the second input of the second key.

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