RU2559869C1 - Method and system for radio-frequency identification and location of railway transport - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering, communication.

SUBSTANCE: engineering solution comprises radio-frequency labels, a platform, a stop line, a railway vehicle, a radio-frequency reader, a control device, a railway vehicle speed control device and an information collection and processing station. The radio-frequency reader comprises a control device, an interrogation signal generator, receivers, circulators, transceiving antennae, a driving generator, frequency converters, power amplifiers, band-pass filters, phase doublers, phase halvers, narrow band-pass filters, correlators, controlled delay units, low frequency multipliers, extremal controllers, a current speed calculating unit, a unit for determining the direction of movement, an integrator, analogue-to-digital converters, delay lines, an adder, a high-frequency oscillation generator, a phase-shift keyer, a power amplifier, a transmitting antenna, frequency detectors, flip-flops and two way balance switches. The radio-frequency label comprises a microstrip antenna, electrodes, buses and a set of reflectors.

EFFECT: high noise-immunity and reliability of remote monitoring.

2 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of organization and traffic control on railways and is intended to identify radio frequency tags located along the railway.

Known methods and systems for radio-frequency identification and positioning of railway transport (ed. St. USSR No. 457.030, 498.197, 931.515, 977.251; RF patents No. No. 2.054.694, 2.189.599, 2.191.127, 2.203.821, 2.222.030, 2.314.956, 2.314.957, 2.346. 840, 2.380.261, 2.397.094, 2.408.026, 2.499.714; U.S. Patent Nos. 3,771.119, 4,551.725, 4.739.328, 6.903.656, 7.072. 747; UK patents Nos. 1,024.735, 2,093.593; EP patents Nos. 0,593,910, 1,112.207, etc.).

Of the known methods and systems closest to the proposed are the "Method and system for radio-frequency identification and positioning of railway transport" (RF patent No. 2.499.714, B61L 25/02, 2012), which are selected as a prototype.

The method of radio-frequency identification and positioning of railway transport is that at least two radio-frequency tags are placed on each section of the track. The first mark is placed at the entrance to the stopping area, and the second is placed at the stopping place. Also on both sides of the path set additional radio frequency tags with a shift relative to each other.

The system for implementing the method comprises two radio frequency tags on each section of the track, a control device and a reader. The system is equipped with additional radio frequency tags and a point of collection and processing of information.

The radio frequency reader 6 contains the first 12.1, second 12.2 and third 12.3 receivers, which include phase detectors 22.1, 22.2, 22.3, respectively. The phase detector 59 is also included in paragraph 42 of the collection and processing of information.

It should be noted that a necessary condition for the operation of these phase detectors is the presence of a reference voltage having a constant initial phase and a frequency equal to the frequency of the received PSK signal. In these blocks, the reference voltage necessary for the synchronous detection of received PSK signals is extracted directly from the received PSK signals themselves. Consider this procedure as an example of the second receiver 12.2.

For example, the FMN signal (Fig. 10, b):

u ₄ (t) = U ₄ · Cos [(w ₂ t + φ _K2 (t) + φ ₂ ],

where φ _k2 (t) = {0, π} is the manipulated phase component that displays the phase manipulation law in accordance with the modulating code M ₁ (t) (Fig. 10, a), which reflects the internal structure of the IDT and is the identification number of the RF tag 61.j (Fig. 7), w from the output of the bandpass filter 18.2 is fed to the first (information) input of the phase detector 22.2 and to the input of the phase doubler 19.2, at the input of which a harmonic oscillation is generated (Fig. 10, c)

u ₆ (t) = U ₆ Cos (2w ₂ t + 2φ ₂ ), 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

; 2φ_К2(t)={0, 2π}.Where $${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="6"\; label="U"\; filenames="00000025.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">U</figure-callout>}}_6=\frac{\mathrm{one}}{2}{U}_{\mathrm{four}}^2$$

; 2φ _K2 (t) = {0, 2π}.

This oscillation is fed to the input of the phase divider 20.2 into two, at the output of which a harmonic oscillation is formed (Fig. 10)

u ₈ (t) = U ₆ Cos (w ₂ t + φ ₂ ), 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

which is allocated by the narrow-band filter 21.2 and arrives at the second (reference) input of the phase detector 22.2. As a result of synchronous detection, a low-frequency voltage is generated at the output of the phase detector 22.2 (Fig. 10, and)

u _H2 (t) = U _H2 Cosφ _K2 (t), 0≤t≤T _{1, 1}

;Where $${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="U\; H"\; filenames="00000023.png,00000024.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">U\; </figure-callout>}}_H=\frac{\mathrm{one}}{2}{U}_{\mathrm{four}}\cdot {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="8"\; label="U"\; filenames="00000025.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">U</figure-callout>}}_8$$

;

proportional to the modulating code M ₂ (t) (Fig. 10, a).

The operation of the phase detector 22.2 described above corresponds to the ideal case when there is no interference and the phenomenon of “reverse operation”.

Under the influence of interference and other destabilizing factors, the phenomenon of “reverse operation” arises, which is explained by the unstable operation of the phase divider 20.2 into two. In equiprobable values of the manipulated signal _K2 phase φ (t) = {0, π} offline feature which would allow the tie phase φ _{2 8} reference voltage U (t) to one of the signal phases. Therefore, the phase φ _{2 of the} reference voltage U ₈ (t) always has two stable states φ ₂ and φ ₂ + π. This is easy to show analytically.

If we divide similarly to the previous one, but after adding the angle 2π to the argument, which does not change the initial voltage, then after dividing by two we get the voltage shifted in phase by π

Therefore, the ambiguity of the phase of the voltage obtained follows from the process of division. The physically indicated two-valuedness is explained by the unstable operation of the phase divider 20.02 into two.

The phenomenon of “reverse work” is due to spasmodic transitions of the phase of the reference voltage u ₈ (t) (Fig. 10, d) from one state φ ₂ to another φ ₂ + π under the influence of interference, short-term termination of reception and other destabilizing factors. These transitions during the reception of the PSK signal occur at random times, for example t ₁ , t ₂ . At the same time, at the output of the phase detector 22.2, a distorted low-frequency voltage u _H2 (t) (Fig. 10, a) is not proportional to the modulating code M ₂ (t) (Fig. 10, a), which reduces the reliability of remote monitoring of railway transport .

In addition, paragraph 42 of the collection and processing of information is constructed according to a superheterodyne circuit in which the same value of the intermediate frequency ω _up can be obtained by receiving signals at two frequencies ω _c and ω _s , etc.

ω _up = ω _c -ω _g and ω _up = ω _g -ω _h .

Therefore, if the tuning frequency ω _to take over the main receiving channel, along with it will be a mirror receiving channel frequency ω _of which differs from the frequency ω _with 2ω _up and positioned symmetric (mirrored) with respect to the frequency ω _r oscillator (FIG. 9). The conversion on the mirror channel of the reception occurs with the same conversion coefficient K _ol as on the main channel of the reception. Therefore, it most significantly affects the selectivity and noise immunity of the panoramic receiver.

In addition to the mirror, there are other additional (combinational) reception channels. In general terms, any combination receive channel takes place when the following conditions are met:

,

,

where ω _Ki is the frequency of the i-th Raman channel;

ω, n, i are positive integers.

The most harmful Raman reception channels are those generated by the interaction of the first harmonic of the signal frequency with the harmonics of the small order local oscillator frequency (second, third), since the sensitivity of the panoramic receiver through these channels is close to the sensitivity of the main reception channel. So, two combination channels with m = 1 and n = 2 correspond to frequencies:

ω _K1 = 2ω _g -ω _up and ω _K2 = 2ω _g + ω _up .

The presence of false signals (interference) received via additional channels leads to a decrease in noise immunity and reliability of monitoring of railway transport.

An object of the invention is to increase the noise immunity and reliability of remote monitoring of railway transport by eliminating the phenomenon of "reverse operation" and false signals (interference) received via additional channels.

The problem is solved in that the method of radio-frequency identification and positioning of railway transport, consisting in the fact that at each section of the railway track at the entrance to the stopping point, in each direction of travel, at least two radio-frequency tags are placed, with the first tag being placed on the entrance to the stopping area, and the second is placed at the stopping place, and the control device located on the railway vehicle processes the information received from the change device rhenium of speed and through a radio frequency reader from a first radio frequency tag located on a section of a railway track when approaching a stopping point at a known distance from a second radio frequency tag on a given section of a track, and a control signal is generated for the brake system of a railway vehicle, which implements according to a predetermined law braking process so that by the time the railway vehicle reaches the second radio frequency mark, the railway speed of a different vehicle would be close to zero, and the railway vehicle should be stopped by a signal received by an RF reader from a second RF tag, while the characteristics of the path to the stop will be encoded in the first RF tag, and the information of the second RF tag will be logically associated with the information of the first tag , while on the way of the railway vehicle on both sides of the railway set additional radio frequencies tags with a shift relative to each other, in the RF reader form three harmonic oscillations with frequencies w ₁ , w ₂ and w _3, respectively, amplify them in power and radiate them with three transceiver antennas, respectively, while irradiating the first one with harmonic oscillation with frequency w ₁ and the second radio-frequency tags at the entrance of the railway vehicle to the place of stop, and two other harmonic vibrations with frequencies w ₂ and w ₃ irradiate additional radio-frequency tags located on the left and to the right of the railway track, respectively, the indicated harmonic vibrations are received by radio-frequency tags tuned to the corresponding frequencies, in each radio-frequency tag, the harmonic vibration is converted into an acoustic wave, ensure its propagation over the surface of the piezocrystal and back reflection, transform the reflected acoustic wave into a complex signal with phase shift keying , the internal structure of which corresponds to the structure of the interdigital transducer, re-emit it on the air, ul The receiver receiver is multiplied, the phase of the received complex signal with phase shift keying is multiplied and divided by two, the harmonic oscillation is isolated and used as a reference voltage for synchronous detection of the received complex signal with phase shift keying, a low-frequency voltage corresponding to the structure of the interdigital transducer is isolated, a complex signal with phase shift keying received by the third receiver is multiplied with a complex signal with phase shift keying received by the second receiver and skip nym through the first flow adjustable delay, emit a low-frequency voltage, thereby forming a first cross-correlation function R ₁ (τ), where τ - current time delay, the change delay τ maintaining the first cross-correlation at the maximum level function, fixed time delay τ ₁ between the signals received by the second and third receivers, the complex signal with phase shift keying received by the second receiver is multiplied with the complex signal with phase shift keying received by the third receiver and passed through the second block of adjustable delay, a low-frequency voltage is isolated, thereby forming a second cross-correlation function R ₂ (τ), by varying the delay τ, the second cross-correlation function is maintained at the maximum level, the time delay τ ₂ between the signals received by the third and second receivers is recorded according to the received values of τ ₁ and τ ₂ values determined speeds V _1, V _2, S distance traveled and heading of a railway vehicle, the measured values are converted into digital codes, are formed from oduliruyuschy code M (t), manipulating them high frequency oscillation with a frequency w _c, forming a complex signal with phase shift keying, increase its power emit the air, capture point of collection and processing of information, is converted by frequency using a local oscillator which is tunable in a given frequency range, the voltage of the intermediate frequency is isolated, the spectrum width of the complex signal with phase shift keying at the intermediate frequency and the width of the spectrum of its second harmonic are measured, and they are compared with each other in the case of their significant differences record the fact of detecting a complex signal with phase shift keying, stop tuning the local oscillator frequency and carry out synchronous detection of the detected complex signal with phase shift keying, isolate a low-frequency voltage proportional to the modulating code M (t), fix and analyze it, and the first transmitter-receiver antenna is installed on the bottom of the railway vehicle, the second and third transceiver antennas are installed on the left and right on the cab respectively, and the transmitting antenna is mounted on top of the driver’s cab, differs from the closest analogue in that the harmonic oscillation extracted in each reader receiver is frequency-detected and, in the case of spasmodic changes in the phase of the harmonic oscillation under the influence of noise and other destabilizing factors, short bipolar pulses are emitted, form with their help, a positive rectangular pulse whose duration is equal to the duration of the distorted segment of the harmonic oscillations, they affect the phase of the distorted segment of the harmonic oscillation, returning it to its original state and ensuring the stability of the harmonic oscillation phase, the obtained harmonic oscillation with a stable phase is used as a reference voltage for synchronous detection of the received complex signal with phase shift keying, at the collection and processing point information simultaneously with intermediate frequency voltage

ω _up = ω _c -ω _g ,

emit the voltage of the total frequency

ω _Σ = ω _c + ω _g ,

where ω _с is the frequency of the main reception channel, ω _g is the local oscillator frequency, it is detected and used to resolve further processing of the intermediate frequency voltage, to synchronously detect the detected complex signal with phase shift keying, multiply and divide its phase into two, isolate harmonic oscillation at the intermediate frequency ω _up and use it as a reference voltage, harmonic oscillation at an intermediate frequency ω _{up is} subjected to frequency detection and, in the case of spasmodic phase changes, oscillations under the influence of interference and other destabilizing factors emit short bipolar pulses, form with them a positive rectangular pulse whose duration is equal to the duration of the distorted segment of the harmonic oscillation of the intermediate frequency ω _up , they affect the phase of the distorted segment of the harmonic oscillation of the intermediate frequency ω _up , returning it to the initial state and ensuring the stability of the phase of harmonic oscillation, the resulting harmonic oscillation with a stable phase at an intermediate frequency, ω _{up is} used as a reference voltage for synchronously detecting a received complex signal with phase shift keying at an intermediate frequency ω _up .

The problem is solved in that the system of radio-frequency identification and positioning of the railway transport, containing at least two radio-frequency tags on each section of the track, where a stop is required, installed at known places on the railway track, and a speed measuring device connected in series to the railway vehicle a railway vehicle, a control device, the second input of which is connected to the output of the radio frequency reader, and a device for controlling the speed of a railway vehicle, additional radio frequency tags installed along the railway vehicle on both sides of the railway with a shift relative to each other, and an information collection and processing point, wherein the radio frequency reader is made in the form of a series-connected device for controlling a radio frequency reader, master oscillator, first power amplifier, first circulator, the input-output of which is connected to the first a transceiver antenna, a first band-pass filter, a first phase doubler, a first phase divider into two and a first narrow-band filter, and a first phase detector, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first band-pass filter, and the output is connected to the input of the RF control device, connected in series to the output of the master oscillator of the first frequency converter, the second power amplifier, the second circulator, the input-output of which is connected to the second transceiver antenna, of the second a band-pass filter, a second phase doubler, a second phase divider into two and a second narrow-band filter, and a second phase detector, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second band-pass filter, adder, phase manipulator, the second input of which is connected to the output of the high-frequency oscillation generator, fourth amplifier power and transmitting antenna, connected in series to the output of the master oscillator of the second frequency converter, third power amplifier, third circulator, the input-output of which connected to a third transceiver antenna, a third bandpass filter, a third phase doubler, a third phase divider into two and a third narrowband filter, and a third phase detector, the second input of which is connected to the output of the third bandpass filter, and the output is connected to the second input of the adder, connected in series to the output of the second band-pass filter of the first variable delay unit, the first multiplier, the second input of which is connected to the output of the third band-pass filter, the first low-pass filter, p the first extreme controller, the first block of adjustable delay, the block for determining the direction of movement, the first analog-to-digital converter and the first delay line, the output of which is connected to the third input of the adder, connected in series to the output of the third bandpass filter of the second block of adjustable delay, the second multiplier, the second input of which connected to the output of the second band-pass filter, the second low-pass filter, the second extreme regulator, the second adjustable delay unit, the block an even current speed, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first adjustable delay unit, the second analog-to-digital converter and the second delay line, the output of which is connected to the fourth input of the adder, connected in series to the output of the current speed calculator of the integrator, the third analog-to-digital converter and the third the delay line, the output of which is connected to the fifth input of the adder, the second input of the unit for determining the direction of movement is connected to the output of the second block of adjustable delay, and the reader’s transmitter-receiver antenna is mounted on the bottom of the railway vehicle, the second and third transmitter-receiver antennas are installed on the driver’s cab on the left and right, respectively, and the transmitter antenna is mounted on the driver’s cab at the top, the data collection and processing station is made in the form of a receiving antenna and a high-frequency amplifier mixer, the second input of which is connected through the local oscillator to the output of the search unit and the intermediate frequency amplifier, connected in series to a phase protector, a second spectrum analyzer, a comparison unit, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first spectrum analyzer, a threshold block, the second input of which is connected via its delay line to its output, the first key, phase detector, and a computer connected in series to the output of the phase doubler of the phase divider on two and a narrow-band filter, while the input of the search unit is connected to the output of the threshold unit, each radio-frequency tag is made in the form of a piezocrystal with thin-walled aluminum deposited on its surface an interdigital transducer connected to the microstrip antenna and a set of reflectors, while the interdigital transducer contains two comb systems of electrodes, the electrodes of each of the combs are connected to each other by buses connected to the microstrip antenna, differs from the closest analogue in that it equipped with four frequency detectors, four triggers, four double balanced switches, a total frequency amplifier, an amplitude detector and a second key, and the output is narrow the frequency filter, trigger and double balance switch, the second input of which is connected to the output of the narrow-band filter, and the output is connected to the second input of the phase detector, the total frequency amplifier is connected in series to the output of the mixer, an amplitude detector and a second switch, the second input of which is connected to the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier, and the output is connected to the inputs of the phase doubler and Vågå spectrum analyzer and to the second input of the first key.

In FIG. 1 shows an example of the arrangement of RF tags 1 and 2 near platform 3. FIG. 2 shows an example of the location of the first transceiver antenna 14.1 on the bottom of a railway vehicle. In FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a portion of a system located on a railway vehicle. In FIG. 5 shows an example implementation of paragraph 42 of the collection and processing of information. In FIG. 6 shows an example of the arrangement of RF tags 61j. and 62j to the left and right of the train track. In FIG. 7 and 8 show an example of the implementation of the RF tags 61j and 62.j (j = 1, 2, ..., m, where m is the number of additional RF tags). A frequency diagram illustrating the formation of additional receive channels is shown in FIG. 9. Timing diagrams explaining the operation of the system are shown in FIG. 10.

The first RF tag 1 is located on a section of the railway track when approaching the stopping point, for example to platform 3, at a known distance from the second RFID tag 2, which is located at the stopping point, so that the beginning of the railway vehicle is located on stop line 4 (FIG. . one).

The control device 7, located on the railway vehicle, processes the information received from the speed measuring device 8 and through the radio frequency reader 6 from the first radio frequency tag 1. Based on the received information, the control device 7 generates a control signal to the railway vehicle speed control device 9, which implements the braking process according to a predetermined law (Fig. 3). Braking is carried out in such a way that by the time the railway vehicle 5 reaches the second radio frequency mark 2, the speed of the railway vehicle 5 is close to zero, and the railway vehicle is stopped by the signal received by the radio frequency reader 6 from the second radio frequency mark 2 (Fig. 2) .

The radio-frequency reader 6 comprises serially connected control device 10, a master oscillator 15, a first power amplifier 17.1, a first circulator 13.1, an input-output of which is connected to a first transceiver antenna 14.1, a first bandpass filter 18.1, a first phase doubler 19.1, a first phase divider 20.1 into two , the first narrow-band filter 21.1, the first frequency detector 73.1, the first trigger 74.1, the first double balanced switch 75.1, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first narrow-band filter 21.1, and the first phase detector 22.1, in The input of which is connected to the output of the first band-pass filter 18.1, and the output is connected to the input of the device 10 for controlling the RF reader 6. The first frequency converter 16.1, the second power amplifier 17.2, and the second circulator 13.2, the input-output of which is connected to the output of the master oscillator 15, are connected in series second transceiver antenna 14.2, second band-pass filter 18.2, second phase doubler 19.2, second phase divider 20.2 into two, second narrow-band filter 21.2, second frequency detector 73.2, second trigger 74.2, second double a balance switch 75.2, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second narrow-band filter 21.2, the second phase detector 22.2, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second band-pass filter 18.2, adder 37, phase manipulator 39, the second input of which is connected to the output of the high-frequency oscillation generator 38, the fourth a power amplifier 40 and a transmitting antenna 41. A second frequency converter 16.2, a third power amplifier 17.3, a third circulator 13.3, the input-output of which is connected to the output of the master oscillator 15, are connected in series An antenna with a third transceiver antenna 14.3, a third bandpass filter 18.3, a third phase doubler 19.3, a third phase divider 20.3 into two, a third narrow-band filter 21.3, a third frequency detector 73.3, a third double balanced switch 75.3, the second input of which is connected to the output of the third narrow-band filter 21.3 and a third phase detector 22.3, the second input of which is connected to the output of the third band-pass filter 18.3, and the output is connected to the second input of the adder 37. The first control unit 24.1 is connected in series to the output of the second band-pass filter 18.2 adjustable delay, the first multiplier 25.1, the second input of which is connected to the output of the third band-pass filter 18.3, the first low-pass filter 26.1, the first extreme regulator 27.1, the first adjustable delay unit 24.1, the direction determination unit 29, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second block 24.2 adjustable delay, the first analog-to-digital Converter 31 and the first delay line 34, the output of which is connected to the third input of the adder 37. The second block is connected in series to the output of the third band-pass filter 18.3 24.2 adjustable delay, the second multiplier 25.2, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second band-pass filter 18.2, the second low-pass filter 26.2, the second extreme regulator 27.2, the second adjustable delay unit 24.2, the current speed calculation unit 28, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first block 24.1 adjustable delay, the second analog-to-digital Converter 32 and the second delay line 35, the output of which is connected to the fourth input of the adder 37. To the output of the block 28 for calculating the current speed are integrated atator 30, a third analog-to-digital converter 33 and a third delay line 36, the output of which is connected to the fifth input of the adder 37.

The master oscillator 15, the first 16.1 and the second 16.2 frequency converters, the first 17.1, the second 17.2 and the third 17.3 power amplifiers form a request signal generator 11. Band-pass filter 18.1 (18.2, 18.3), phase doubler 19.1 (19.2, 19.3), phase divider 20.1 (20.2, 20.3) into two, narrow-band filter 21.1 (21.2, 21.3) and phase detector 22.1 (22.2, 22.3) form the first 12.1 ( second 12.2, third 12.3) receiver. The first adjustable delay unit 24.1, the first multiplier 25.1, the first low-pass filter 26.1 and the first extreme controller 27.1 form the first correlator 23.1. The second adjustable delay unit 24.2, the second multiplier 25.2, the second low-pass filter 26.2 and the second extremal regulator 27.2 form a second correlator 23.2.

The first transceiver antenna 14.1 of the reader 6 is mounted on the bottom of the railway vehicle 5, the second 14.2 and third 14.3 transceiver antennas are installed on the left and right on the driver’s cab, respectively, and the transmitter antenna 41 is mounted on top of the driver’s cab.

Item 42 of the collection and processing of information (concentrator) contains serially connected receiving antenna 43, high-frequency amplifier 44, mixer 47, the second input of which is connected through the local oscillator 46 to the output of search unit 45, the total frequency amplifier 76, amplitude detector 77, and the second key 78, the second input of which, through an intermediate frequency amplifier 48, is connected to the output of the mixer 48, a phase doubler 51, a second spectrum analyzer 52, a comparison unit 53, the second input of which is connected through the first spectrum analyzer 50 to the output of the second switch 78, then burn block 54, the second input of which is connected through the delay line 55 to its output, the first key 56, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second key 78, a phase detector 59 and a computer 60. A phase divider 57 into two is connected in series to the output of the phase doubler 51, a narrow-band filter 58, a frequency detector 73, a trigger 74, and a double balance switch 75, the second input of which is connected to the output of the narrow-band filter 58, and the input is connected to the second input of the phase detector 59.

The first 50 and second 52 spectrum analyzers, a phase doubler 51, a comparison unit 53, a threshold unit 54, and a delay line 55 form a detector (selector) 49 of the FMN signals.

Each RFID tag 61.j (62.j) is made in the form of a piezocrystal with an aluminum thin-film interdigital transducer deposited on its surface connected to a microstrip antenna 63.j (64.j) and a set of reflectors 71.j (72.j ) In this case, the interdigital transducer (IDT) contains two comb systems of electrodes 65.j (66.j), the electrodes of each of the combs are connected to each other by buses 67.j (68.j) and 69.j (70.j), associated with the microstrip antenna 63.j (64.j) (j = 1, 2, ..., m, where m is the number of additional RF tags).

A system that implements the proposed method of radio frequency identification and positioning of railway transport, operates as follows.

When a railway vehicle 5 approaches a stopping place, for example, to a platform 3, a radio-frequency reader 6, which works continuously or is turned on by the commands of the control device 7 in accordance with the track map laid down in it, reads information from the first radio-frequency tag 1 through the first transceiver antenna 14.1, decodes it in the first response signal receiver 12.1, extracts the necessary data in the control device 10 of the radio frequency reader 6, and transfers it to the control device 7. The first radio-frequency tag 1 contains and transmits to the control device 7 all the necessary information in one form or another about the distance to the second radio-frequency tag 2. The control device 7 is based on the algorithm embedded in it and based on data on the speed of a railway vehicle received from device 8 measuring the speed, generates a control signal, which is fed to the speed control device 9 of the railway vehicle 5, which implements the braking process according to a predetermined the law in such a way that when approaching the second RF tag 2, have a speed of the order of 2-5 km / h. When approaching the second RF tag 2, it falls into the radiation pattern 15 of the first transceiver antenna 14.1 of the RF reader 6. The read information is processed and checked by the control device 7 that this RF tag is a stopping point and when a certain criterion is met, for example, the maximum power of the response signal, gives a control signal to the speed control device 9 to completely stop the railway vehicle 5. In this case, the radio frequency tags 1 and 2 mounted on the railway track, in particular, can be attached to sleepers, and the first transceiver antenna 14.1 of the radio frequency reader 6 is mounted on the bottom of the railway vehicle 5, while its radiation pattern is directed downward (Fig. 2). The remaining elements of the radio frequency reader 6 can be installed in the driver's cab.

As the device 8 for measuring the speed and the device 9 for controlling the speed, standard devices of the railway vehicle 5 can be used. The control device 7 can be made on the basis of a standard microprocessor unit. The width of the radiation pattern 15 will determine the accuracy of the stop of the railway vehicle 5 relative to the stop line 4.

For remote monitoring of a railway vehicle when it follows a given route, additional RF tags 61.j and 62.j are placed on both sides of the railway track with a shift relative to each other (Fig. 6). In this case, each label 61.j (62.j) is a piezocrystal with an aluminum thin-film interdigital transducer (IDT) deposited on its surface connected to a microstrip antenna 63.j (64.j) and a set of reflectors 71.j ( 72.j). The interdigital transducer contains two comb systems of electrodes 65.j (66.j), the electrodes of each of the combs are connected to each other by buses 67.j (68j) and 69.j (70.j) connected to the microstrip antenna 63.j (64.j) 0 = 1, 2, ..., m, where m is the number of additional RF tags, i is the distance between adjacent adjacent RF tags, i = 1, 2, ..., n.

The RFID tags 61.j located to the left of the railway track are tuned to the frequency w ₂ , and the RFID tags 62.j located to the right of the railway track are tuned to the frequency w ₃ . The resonant frequency of the RFID tag is determined by the distance between the electrodes, and the order of the electrodes determines the identification number of the RFID tag (Fig. 7, 8).

The master oscillator 15 of the reader 6 generates a harmonic oscillation

u ₁ (t) = U ₁ Cos (w ₁ t + φ ₁ ), 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

where U ₁ , w ₁ , φ ₁ , T ₁ - amplitude, carrier frequency, initial phase and duration of harmonic oscillation, which is supplied to the inputs of the first 16.1 and second 16.2 frequency converters. The latter form harmonic oscillations:

u ₂ (t) = U ₂ Cos (w ₂ t + φ ₂ ),

u ₃ (t) = U ₃ Cos (w ₃ t + φ ₃ ), 0≤t≤T ₁ .

Where $${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="w"\; filenames="00000023.png,00000024.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">w</figure-callout>}}_2=\frac{n}{m}{w}_{\mathrm{one}}$$

$${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="w"\; filenames="00000023.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">w</figure-callout>}}_3=\frac{n}{m}{w}_{\mathrm{one}}$$

In this case, the frequency ratios n ₁ / m ₁ and n ₂ / m ₂ are selected rationally to exclude harmonic coupling. For this, regenerative dividers are used in converters 16.1 and 16.2 (Fundamentals of Radio Navigation Measurements. / Ed. By N.F. Klyuev. - Ministry of Defense of the USSR, 1987, p. 269).

Harmonic vibrations u ₁ (t), u ₂ (t) and u ₃ (t) are amplified in amplifiers 17.1, 17.2 and 17.3 and through circulators 13.1, 13.2, and 13.3 come into transceiving antennas 14.1, 14.2 and 14.3, respectively, and are radiated by them ester . The first transceiver antenna 14.1 is installed on the bottom of the railway vehicle 5, while its radiation pattern is directed downward, it reads information from the RF tags 1 and 2, which are tuned to the frequency w ₁ and are installed on the railway track, in particular, can be attached to sleepers.

The second 14.2 and third 14.3 transceiver antennas are installed on the driver’s cab on the left and right, respectively, while their radiation patterns illuminate the radio frequency labels 61.j and 62.j (j = 1, 2, ..., m) installed to the left and right of the railway and tuned to frequencies w ₂ and w _3, respectively (Fig. 6).

The harmonic oscillations u ₂ (t) and u ₃ (t) are captured by the transceiver antennas 63.j and 64.j, the IDT are converted into acoustic waves that propagate along the surface of the piezoelectric crystals, are reflected from the set of reflectors 71.j and 72.j, and are again converted into complex signals with phase shift keying (PSK):

u ₄ (t) = U ₄ Cos [(w ₂ t + φ _k2 (t) + φ ₂ ],

u ₅ (t) = U ₅ Cos [(w ₃ t + φ _k3 (t) + φ ₃ ], 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

where φ _k2 (t) = {0; π}, φk ₃ (t) = {0; π} are the manipulated phase components that display the law of phase manipulation in accordance with the internal structure of the IDT, which are the identification numbers of additional RF tags (Fig. 7, 8).

Formed complex PSK signals u ₄ (t) and u ₅ (t) emitted by microstrip antennas 63.j and 64.j broadcast, received by antennas 14.2 and 14.3 of the reader through the circulators 6 and 13.2 and 13.3 to the inputs of bandpass filters 18.2 and 18.3 , the tuning frequencies of which are selected as follows: w _n2 = w ₂ , w _n3 = w ₃ . Complex PSK signals u ₄ (t) and u ₅ (t) are distinguished by bandpass filters 18.2 and 18.3, and are fed to the first (information) inputs of phase detectors 22.2 and 22.3 and to the inputs of phase doublers 19.2 and 19.3, respectively. At the output of the latter, harmonic oscillations are formed:

u ₆ (t) = U ₆ Cos (2w ₂ t + 2φ ₂ )

u ₇ (t) = U ₇ Cos (2w ₃ t + 2φ ₂ ), 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

Where $${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="6"\; label="U"\; filenames="00000025.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">U</figure-callout>}}_6=\frac{\mathrm{one}}{2}{U}_{\mathrm{four}}^2$$

$${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="7"\; label="U"\; filenames="00000025.png,00000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">U</figure-callout>}}_7=\frac{\mathrm{one}}{2}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="U"\; filenames="00000024.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">U</figure-callout>}}_5^2$$

Since φ _k2 (t) = {0; π} and φ _k3 (t) = {0; π}, then in these oscillations phase manipulation is already absent. Harmonic oscillations u ₆ (t) and u ₇ (t) are fed to the inputs of the phase divisors 20.1 and 20.2 into two, at the output of which harmonic oscillations are formed:

u ₈ (t) = U ₈ Cos (w ₂ t + φ ₂ )

u ₉ (t) = U ₉ Cos (w ₃ t + φ ₃ ), 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

which are allocated by narrow-band filters 21.1 and 21.2, respectively, are used as reference voltages and are supplied to the second (reference) inputs of phase detectors 22.2 and 22.3 through switches 75.2 and 75.3, respectively.

As a result of synchronous detection at the output of phase detectors 22.2 and 22.3, low-frequency voltages are distinguished:

u _H2 (t) = U _H2 Cosφ _k2 (t),

u _H3 (t) = U _H3 Cosφ _k3 (t), 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

Where $${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="U\; H"\; filenames="00000023.png,00000024.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">U\; </figure-callout>}}_H=\frac{\mathrm{one}}{2}{U}_{\mathrm{four}}\cdot {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="8"\; label="U"\; filenames="00000025.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">U</figure-callout>}}_8$$

, $${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="U\; H"\; filenames="00000023.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">U\; </figure-callout>}}_H=\frac{\mathrm{one}}{2}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="U"\; filenames="00000024.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">U</figure-callout>}}_5\cdot {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="9"\; label="U"\; filenames="00000025.png,00000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">U</figure-callout>}}_9$$

,

proportional to the identification numbers of the additional RFID tags 61.j and 62.j. Low-frequency voltage u _n2 (t) and u _n3 (t) are fed to two inputs of the adder 37.

The operation of the receivers 12.2 and 12.3 described above corresponds to the case of the absence of interference and, hence, the phenomenon of “reverse operation”.

(фиг. 10, г) из одного состояния φ₂ в другое φ₂+π. Эти переходы за время приема ФМН сигнала происходят в случайные моменты времени, например t₁, t₂. Для обнаружения указанных переходов предназначен частотный детектор 73.2. При скачкообразном изменении фазы опорного напряжения на +180° в момент времени t₁ на выходе частотного детектора 73.2 появляется короткий положительный импульс, а при скачке фазы на -180° в момент времени t₂ (возвращение фазы опорного напряжения в первоначальное состояние) отрицательный короткий импульс (фиг. 10, е). Знакочередующие импульсы с выхода частотного детектора 73.2 управляют работой триггера 74.2, выходное напряжение которого (фиг. 10, ж), в свою очередь, управляет работой двойного балансного переключателя 75.2.Under the influence of interference and other destabilizing factors, the phenomenon of "reverse operation" occurs, which is accompanied by spasmodic phase transitions, for example, the reference voltage $$u_8^{\text{'}\text{'}}(t)$$

(Fig. 10, d) from one state φ ₂ to another φ ₂ + π. These transitions during the reception of the PSK signal occur at random times, for example t ₁ , t ₂ . To detect these transitions, a frequency detector 73.2 is intended. When the phase of the reference voltage jumps by 180 ° at time t ₁ , a short positive pulse appears at the output of the frequency detector 73.2, and when the phase jumps by -180 ° at time t ₂ (the phase of the reference voltage returns to its initial state), a negative short pulse (Fig. 10, e). Alternating pulses from the output of the frequency detector 73.2 control the operation of the trigger 74.2, the output voltage of which (Fig. 10, g), in turn, controls the operation of the double balanced switch 75.2.

In a stable state, when the phase of the reference voltage u ₈ (t) (Fig. 10, h) coincides, for example, with the zero phase of the received PSK signal u _Н (t) (Fig. 10, b) a negative voltage is generated at the output of trigger 74.2 ( Fig. 10, g) and the balance switch 75.2 is in its original position, in which the reference voltage u ₈ (t) (Fig. 10, h) is supplied from the output of the narrow-band filter 21.2 to the reference input of the phase detector 22.2 without change.

When the phase of the reference voltage u ₈ (t) (Fig. 10, d) abruptly changes by + 180 °, due, for example, to the unstable operation of the phase divider 20.2 into two under the influence of noise, the trigger is transferred by a positive short pulse from the output of the frequency detector 73.2 to another steady state. The output voltage 74.2 flip-flop (Fig. 10, x) at time t ₁ becomes and remains positive up to the next phase jump at time t _2, which returns a reference voltage phase u ₈ (t) (FIG. 10, g) in initial condition. The positive output voltage of the trigger 74.2 (Fig. 10, g) transfers the balance switch 75.2 to another stable state, in which the reference voltage with the output of the narrow-band filter 21.2 is supplied to the reference input of the phase detector 22.2 with a phase change of -180 °. This eliminates the instability of the phase of the reference voltage caused by its abrupt change under the influence of interference, and the associated "reverse work".

Therefore, the frequency detector 73.2 provides detection of the moment of occurrence of "reverse operation", and the trigger 74.2 and double balanced switch 75.2 eliminates it.

The frequency detector 73.1, trigger 74.1 and double balance switch 75.1 in the first receiver 12.1 work the same way, the frequency detector 73.3, trigger 74.3 and double balance switch 75.3 in the third receiver 12.3, the frequency detector 73, trigger 74 and double balance switch 75 in collection point 42 and information processing.

The first transceiver antenna 14.1 works in a similar way, which reads information from the first 1 and second 2 radio-frequency tags when braking the railway vehicle 5. In this case, the first receiver 12.1 works, the information from which comes to the control device 7. In this case, the frequency w _{1 is used} .

Complex QPSK signals u ₄ (t) and u ₅ (t) simultaneously arrive at the inputs of two correlators 23.1 and 23.2. The voltages obtained at the output of multipliers 25.1 and 25.2 are passed through low-pass filters 26.1 and 26.2, respectively, at the outputs of which cross-correlation functions R ₁ (τ) and R ₂ (τ) are formed, where τ is the current time delay. Extreme controllers 27.1 and 27.2, designed to maintain the maximum value of the cross-correlation functions R ₁ (τ), R ₂ (τ), and connected to the output of the low-pass filters 26.1, 26.2, act on the control inputs of the adjustable delay units 24.1, 24.2 and support the input of delay equal to τ ₁ and τ ₂ τ (τ = τ _1, τ ₂ = τ ₂₎ that corresponds to the maximum cross-correlation functions R ₁ (τ) and R ₂ (τ). The values of τ ₁ and τ ₂ from the corresponding outputs of the adjustable delay units 24.1 and 24.2 are fed to the inputs of the current speed calculation unit 28, where the current speeds are determined:

$$V_{\mathrm{one}}=\frac{l_{\mathrm{one}}}{{\tau }_{\mathrm{one}}}$$

$${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="V"\; filenames="00000023.png,00000024.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_2=\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="l"\; filenames="00000023.png,00000024.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}}_2}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\tau "\; filenames="00000023.png,00000024.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\tau </figure-callout>}}_2}$$

where l ₁ is the distance between adjacent adjacent RF tags 61.j and 62.j located to the left and to the right of the railway track;

l ₂ is the distance between adjacent adjacent RF tags 62.j and 61.j located to the right and left of the railway track.

The values of speed V ₁ and V ₂ are fed to the input of the integrator 30, the output of which is formed by the value of the path traveled S.

Correlation-extreme processing of complex FMN signals u ₄ (t) and u ₅ (t) allows us to determine the direction of railway traffic by searching for an extremum in the zone of positive and negative arguments of the cross-correlation functions R ₁ (τ) and R ₂ (τ). The presence of an extremum in the zone of a positive argument indicates the movement of the railway vehicle in the forward direction and vice versa. Information about the sign of the argument of the cross-correlation functions R ₁ (τ) and R ₂ (τ) comes from the sign outputs of the adjustable delay units 24.1 and 24.2 to the inputs of the railway vehicle direction determination unit 29. Information from the outputs of blocks 28, 29, and 30 goes to the inputs of analog-to-digital converters 31, 32, and 33, where it is converted to digital codes, which, through delay lines 34, 35, and 36, go to the corresponding inputs of adder 37. Delay time τ _s1 , τ _s2 and τ _{s3 by} the delay line 34, 35 and 36 are selected so as to sum the generated digital codes in the adder 37 without overlapping, i.e. to place them sequentially on the time axis. At the output of the adder 37, a modulating code M (t) is generated containing information about the identification numbers of the additional RF tags, the speed, the distance traveled and the direction of the railway vehicle.

The generated modulating code M (t) is fed to the second input of the phase manipulator 39, the first input of which is supplied with a high-frequency voltage from the output of the generator 38

u _c (t) = U _c Cos (w _c t + φ _c ), 0≤t≤T _c ,

where U _c , w _c , φ _c , T _c - amplitude, carrier frequency, initial phase and duration of high-frequency voltage.

The output of the phase manipulator 39 produces a complex FMN signal

, 0≤t≤T_c, $$u_c^{\text{'}\text{'}}(t)=U_{c}Cos[w_{c}t+{\varphi }_k(t)+{\varphi }_c]$$

, 0≤t≤T _c ,

where φ _k (t) = {0; π} is the manipulated component of the phase that displays the law of phase manipulation in accordance with the modulating code M (t), and φ _k (t) = const for Kτ _e <t <(K + 1) τ _e and can change stepwise at t = K _τe , i.e. at the borders between elementary premises (K = 1, 2, ..., N); (K = 1, 2, ..., N);

τ _e , N is the duration and number of chips that make up a signal of duration T _c (T _c = N · τ _e ),

which, after amplification in the power amplifier 40, enters the transmitting antenna 41, is radiated by it, is captured by the receiving antenna 43 of the information collection and processing point 42 (concentrator), and through the high-frequency amplifier 44 it is supplied to the first input of the mixer 47, the second input of which is supplied with voltage local oscillator 46 ramp

u _g (t) = U _g Cos (w _g t + πγt ² + φ _g ), 0≤t≤T _p ,

where U _g , w _g , φ _g , T _p - amplitude, carrier frequency, initial phase and the repetition period of the local oscillator voltage;

- скорость перестройки частоты гетеродина в заданном диапазоне частот Д_f. $$\gamma =\frac{D}{T}$$

- the speed of tuning the frequency of the local oscillator in a given frequency range D _f .

The transmit antenna 41 is located on top of the driver’s cab.

The search for complex PSK signals emitted by railway vehicles in a given frequency range D _{f is} carried out by a search unit 45, which linearly according to the periodic law with a period T _p tunes the frequency of the local oscillator 46. A sawtooth voltage generator can be used as the search unit 45.

At the output of the mixer 47, voltages of combination frequencies are generated. Amplifiers 48 and 76 are distinguished by the voltage of the intermediate (difference) and total frequencies, respectively:

U _up (t) = U _up Cos [w _up t + φ _k (t) -πγt ² + φ _up ],

U _Σ (t) = U _up Cos [(w _Σ t + φ _k (t) + πγt ² + φ _Σ ], 0≤t≤T _c ,

Where $$U_{up}=\frac{\mathrm{one}}{2}{U}_c\cdot U_g;$$

ω _up = ω _c -ω _g is the intermediate (difference) frequency;

ω _Σ = ω _c + ω _g is the total frequency (Fig. 9).

The voltage of the total frequency U _∑ (t) is supplied to the input of the amplitude detector 77, which selects its envelope. The latter enters the control input of key 78, opening it. In the initial state, the key 78 is always closed.

In this case, the voltage U _up (t) of the intermediate frequency, which is a complex signal with combined phase shift keying and linear frequency modulation (FMN-LFM), from the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier 48 through the public key 78 is fed to the input of the detector (selector) 49 FMN- signals, consisting of the first 50 and second 52 spectrum analyzers, a phase doubler 51, a comparison unit 53, a threshold unit 54 and a delay line 55.

A voltage is generated at the output of the phase doubler 51

u ₁₀ (t) = U ₁₀ Cos (2w _up t-2πγt ² + 2φ _up ), 0≤t≤T _c ,

in which phase manipulation is already absent.

The width of the spectrum Δf _{2 of the} second harmonic of the signal is determined by the duration T _{c of the} signal

$$\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\Delta \; f"\; filenames="00000023.png,00000024.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\Delta \; </figure-callout>}{f}_{}{}_2=\frac{\mathrm{one}}{T_c}$$

whereas the width of the spectrum Δf _{c of the} input FMN signal is determined by the duration τ _{e of} its elementary premises.

$$\Delta f_c=\frac{\mathrm{one}}{{\tau }_{\mathrm{uh}}}$$

those. spectrum width Δf _{2 of the} second harmonic of the signal is N times smaller than the spectrum width Δf _{c of the} input signal

$$\frac{\Delta f_{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="c\; \Delta \; f"\; filenames="00000023.png,00000024.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">c\; </figure-callout>}}}{\Delta f_{}}=N$$

Therefore, when the phase of a complex FM signal is doubled, its spectrum width “folds” N times. This circumstance makes it possible to detect and select an FMN signal even when its power at the receiver input is less than the power of noise and interference.

The spectral width Δf _{c of the} input FMN signal is measured using the first spectrum analyzer 50, and the spectral width Δf _{2 of the} second harmonic of the signal is measured using the second spectrum analyzer 52. Voltages U _I and U _II proportional to Δf _c and Δf _2, respectively, from the outputs of the analyzers 50 and 52 are fed to the two inputs of the comparison unit 53. At the output of the latter, voltage is generated only when the voltages supplied to its inputs vary significantly in amplitude. Since U _I >> U _II , a positive voltage is generated at the output of the comparison unit 53, which exceeds the threshold level U _then in the threshold block 54. The threshold voltage U _then is selected so that it does not exceed random interference. When the threshold level U _pores is exceeded, a constant voltage is generated in the threshold block 54, which is supplied to the control input of the search unit 45, turning it off, to the input of the delay line 55, and to the control input of the key 56, opening it. In the initial state, the key 56 is always closed.

When the tuning of the local oscillator 46 ceases, the forced linear frequency modulation (LFM) disappears and the following voltage is allocated by the intermediate frequency amplifier 48

U _up1 (t) = U _up Cos [w _up t + φ _k (t) + φ _up ],

which through the public key 56 enters the first (informational) input of the phase detector 59. In this case, a voltage is generated at the output of the phase doubler 51

u ₁₁ (t) U ₁₀ Cos (2w _up t + 2φ _up ), 0≤t≤T _c ,

which is fed to the input of the phase divider 57 into two. The output of the latter forms a voltage

u ₁₂ (t) = U ₁₂ Cos (w _up t + φ _up ), 0≤t≤T _c ,

which is allocated by a narrow-band filter 58, is used as a reference voltage and supplied through a frequency detector 73, a trigger 74, and a balance switch 75 to the second (reference) input of the phase detector 59. As a result of synchronous detection, a low-frequency voltage is generated at the output of the phase detector 59

u _H (t) = U _H Cosφ _k (t), 0≤t≤T _c ,

,Where $$U_H=\frac{\mathrm{one}}{2}{U}_{up}\cdot {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="12"\; label="U"\; filenames="00000027.png,00000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">U</figure-callout>}}_{12}$$

,

proportional to the modulating code M (t). This voltage is supplied to the input of the computer 60, where the movement of the railway vehicle is analyzed and can be observed visually by the operator on the screen of his monitor. The delay time τ _{s of} the delay line 55 is selected so that it is possible to fix and analyze the detected complex PSK signal. After this time, the voltage from the output of the threshold block 54 is supplied to the control input of the threshold block 54 and resets its contents to zero. From this moment, the search unit 45 is turned on, and the key 56 is closed, i.e. they are transferred to their original state. Upon detection of the next PSK signal emitted by another railway vehicle at a different carrier frequency, the operation of the information collection and processing section 42 proceeds in a similar manner as described above.

The system operation described above corresponds to the case of receiving useful PSK signals along the main channel at a frequency ω _s (Fig. 9)

If a false signal (interference)

U _s (t) = U _s Cos (w _s t + φ), 0≤t≤T,

arrives at the input point 42 of the collection and processing of information, the amplifiers 48 and 76 are allocated the following voltages, respectively:

U _up2 (t) = U _up2 Cos [w _up t + πγt ² + φ _up1 ],

U _Σ2 (t) = U _up2 Cos [(w _Σ1 t + πγt ² + φ _Σ1 ], 0≤t≤T,

Where $${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="U\; u\; p"\; filenames="00000023.png,00000024.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">U\; </figure-callout>}}_{up}=\frac{\mathrm{one}}{2}{U}_s\cdot U_g;$$

ω _up = ω _g -ω _s - intermediate frequency;

ω _∑1 = ω _s -ω _g is the total frequency;

φ _up1 = φ _g -φ _z , φ _Σ1 = φ _z -φ _g .

Moreover, the total voltage U _∑2 (t) does not fall into the passband of the amplifier 76 of the total frequency. This is due to the fact that ω _Σ tuning frequency different from the frequency ω _Σ1 to twice the value of the intermediate frequency w _Σ -w _z1 = 2w _up. The key 78 in this case does not open and a false signal (interference) received on the mirror channel at a frequency w _s is suppressed.

For a similar reason, false signals (interference) received on the first w _k1 and second w _k2 combined channels are also suppressed.

The proposed technical solutions provide not only an aimed stop of railway vehicles, but also allow you to determine the direction, speed, distance traveled and location of railway vehicles. This is achieved by using additional radio-frequency tags placed along the railway vehicle on both sides of the railway track with a shift relative to each other, the point of collection and processing of information and the radio channel using complex FMN signals.

These measures provide remote monitoring of the movement of railway vehicles, the implementation of a given schedule, increase the intensity and safety of railway traffic, which is especially important for high-speed railway vehicles.

Complex FMN signals have high energy and structural secrecy.

The energy secrecy of these signals is due to their high compressibility in time and spectrum with optimal processing, which reduces the instantaneous radiated power. As a result, a complex PSK signal at the receiving point may be masked by noise and interference. Moreover, the energy of a complex FMN signal is by no means small; it is simply distributed over the time-frequency domain so that at each point of this region the signal power is less than the power of noise and interference.

The structural secrecy of complex FMN signals is caused by a wide variety of their forms and significant ranges of parameter changes, which makes it difficult to optimally or at least quasi-optimally process complex FMN signals of an a priori unknown structure in order to increase the sensitivity of the receiver.

Complex FMN signals open up new possibilities in the technique of transmitting messages from railway vehicles to a collection and processing point of information. These signals allow the use of a new type of selection - structural selection. This means that there is a new opportunity to separate signals operating in the same frequency band and at the same time intervals.

Thus, the proposed method and system in comparison with prototypes and other technical solutions of a similar purpose provide increased noise immunity and reliability of remote monitoring of railway transport. This is achieved by eliminating the phenomenon of "reverse work" and false signals (interference) received via additional (mirror and Raman) channels. Moreover, frequency detectors are used to detect the occurrence of “reverse operation”, and triggers and double balanced switches are used to eliminate it. To suppress false signals (interference) received by additional channels, a total frequency amplifier, an amplitude detector and a second key are used that implement the narrow-band filtering method.

Claims (2)

1. The method of radio-frequency identification and positioning of railway transport, which consists in the fact that at each section of the railway track at the entrance to the stopping point, in each direction of movement, at least two radio-frequency tags are placed, the first marking being placed at the entrance to the stopping station and the second is placed at the stopping place, and the control device located on the railway vehicle processes the information received from the speed measuring device and through the radio frequency the first reader from the first RF tag located on the section of the railway track when approaching the stopping point at a known distance from the second RF tag on this section of the track, while the characteristics of the path to the stopping point are encoded in the first RF tag, and the information of the second RF tag is logically linked with the information of the first mark, while on the way of the railway vehicle on both sides of the railway set additional radio frequency nye tags shifted relative to each other in the radio frequency reader is formed with three harmonic oscillations with frequencies w _1, w ₂ and w ₃ respectively amplify their power and emit ether three transceiver antennas, respectively, wherein the harmonic oscillation with frequency w ₁ is irradiated with the first and a second RFID tags at the entrance of a rail vehicle to a place of the stop, and the other two harmonic oscillations with frequencies w ₂ and w ₃ is irradiated with the additional RFID tags on the left and to the right of the railway track, respectively, the indicated harmonic vibrations are received by radio-frequency tags tuned to the corresponding frequencies, in each radio-frequency tag, the harmonic vibration is converted into an acoustic wave, ensure its propagation over the surface of the piezocrystal and back reflection, transform the reflected acoustic wave into a complex signal with phase shift keying , the internal structure of which corresponds to the structure of the interdigital transducer, re-emit it on the air, The receiver receiver is multiplied, the phase of the received complex signal with phase shift keying is multiplied and divided by two, the harmonic oscillation is isolated and used as a reference voltage for synchronous detection of the received complex signal with phase shift keying, a low-frequency voltage corresponding to the structure of the interdigital transducer is isolated, a complex signal with phase shift keying received by the third receiver is multiplied with a complex signal with phase shift keying received by the second receiver and run through the first block of adjustable delay, a low-frequency voltage is isolated, thereby forming the first cross-correlation function R ₁ (τ), where τ is the current time delay, by changing the delay τ, the first cross-correlation function is maintained at the maximum level, the time delay τ ₁ between the signals is fixed received by the second and third receivers, the complex signal with phase shift keying received by the second receiver is multiplied with the complex signal with phase shift keying received by the third receiver and ennym through the second flow adjustable delay, emit a low-frequency voltage, thereby forming a second cross-correlation function R ₂ (τ), the change in τ delay support a second cross-correlation function at a maximum, fixed time delay τ ₂ between the signals received by the third and second receivers using the values τ ₁ and τ ₂ values determined speeds V _1, V _2, S distance traveled and heading of a railway vehicle, the measured values are converted into digital codes, the odds iruyut one modulating code M (t), manipulating them high frequency oscillation with a frequency w _c, forming a complex signal with phase shift keying, increase its power emit the air, capture point of collection and processing of information, is converted by frequency using a local oscillator, which they are tuned in frequency in a given frequency range, the voltage of the intermediate frequency is isolated, the spectrum width of the complex signal with phase shift keying at the intermediate frequency and the width of the spectrum of its second harmonic are measured, and they are compared between oh and in the case of their significant difference, they record the fact of detecting a complex signal with phase shift keying, stop tuning the local oscillator frequency and carry out synchronous detection of the detected complex signal with phase shift keying, isolate a low-frequency voltage proportional to the modulating code M (t), fix and analyze it, the first the reader’s transceiver antenna is installed on the bottom of the railway vehicle, the second and third transceiver antennas are installed on the left and Ava on the driver’s cab, respectively, and the transmitting antenna is mounted on top of the driver’s cab, characterized in that the harmonic oscillation allocated in each reader receiver is frequency-detected and, in the case of spasmodic changes in the phase of the harmonic oscillation, under the influence of noise and other destabilizing factors, short bipolar pulses are emitted, form with their help, a positive rectangular pulse whose duration is equal to the duration of the distorted segment of the harmonic fluctuations, they affect the phase of the distorted segment of harmonic oscillation, returning it to its original state and ensuring the stability of the phase of harmonic oscillation, the obtained harmonic oscillation with a stable phase is used as a reference voltage for synchronous detection of the received complex signal with phase shift keying, at the point of collection and processing of information simultaneously with the intermediate frequency voltage w _up = w _c -w _g , the total frequency voltage w _∑ = w _c + w _g , where w _c is the frequency of the main channel, is received a, w _g is the local oscillator frequency, it is detected and used for further processing of the intermediate frequency voltage, for synchronous detection of the detected complex signal with phase manipulation, multiply and divide its phase into two, isolate the harmonic oscillation at the intermediate frequency w _up and use it as reference voltage, a harmonic oscillation at intermediate frequency w _up is subjected to a frequency detection and in case of sudden changes in phase under the influence of noise and other destabilizing actors secrete short bipolar pulses form them using positive square pulse whose duration is equal to the length of the distorted segments harmonic oscillations of the intermediate frequency w _up, returning it to its original condition and ensuring the stability of the phase of a harmonic oscillation, resulting harmonic oscillation with a stable phase at the intermediate frequency w _up used as a reference voltage for synchronously detecting a received complex signal with phase shift keying internal frequency w _up. 2. A system for radio-frequency identification and positioning of railway vehicles, comprising at least two radio-frequency tags on each section of the track where a stop is required, installed at known places on the railway, and a control device, the second input of which is connected to the output of the radio-frequency reader, additional radio-frequency marks set along the railway vehicle on both sides of the railway with a shift relative to each other, and paragraph collecting and processing information, while the radio frequency reader is made in the form of a series-connected device for controlling a radio frequency reader, a master oscillator, a first power amplifier, a first circulator, the input-output of which is connected to the first transceiver antenna, the first bandpass filter, the first phase doubler, the first phase divider on the two and the first narrow-band filter, as well as the first phase detector, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first band-pass filter, and the output is connected to the input radio-frequency reader control devices connected in series to the output of the master oscillator of the first frequency converter, the second power amplifier, the second circulator, the input-output of which is connected to the second transceiver antenna, the second bandpass filter, as well as the second phase doubler, the second phase divider into two, the second narrowband filter, the second phase detector, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second band-pass filter, adder, phase manipulator, the second input of which is connected with the output of a high-frequency oscillation generator, a fourth power amplifier and a transmitting antenna, connected in series to the output of a second frequency converter, a third power amplifier, a third circulator, the input-output of which is connected to a third transceiver antenna, a third band-pass filter, a third phase doubler, and a third divider phase into two, the third narrow-band filter, as well as the third phase detector, the second input of which is connected to the output of the third band-pass filter, and the output connected to the second input of the adder, connected in series to the output of the second band-pass filter of the first adjustable delay unit, the first multiplier, the second input of which is connected to the output of the third band-pass filter, the first low-pass filter, the first extreme regulator, the first adjustable delay unit, the direction determination unit, the first analog-to-digital converter and the first delay line, the output of which is connected to the third input of the adder, connected in series to the output of the track a second bandpass filter of the second adjustable delay unit, a second multiplier, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second bandpass filter, the second low-pass filter, the second extreme controller, the second adjustable delay unit, the current speed calculation unit, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first adjustable delay unit , the second analog-to-digital converter and the second delay line, the output of which is connected to the fourth input of the adder, connected in series to the output of the calculation unit the current speed of the integrator, the third analog-to-digital converter and the third delay line, the output of which is connected to the fifth input of the adder, the second input of the motion direction determining unit is connected to the output of the second adjustable delay unit, the first transceiver antenna of the reader mounted on the bottom of the railway vehicle, the second and the third transceiver antenna is installed on the left and right on the driver’s cab, respectively, and the transmit antenna is installed on top of the driver’s cab, pu The information acquisition and processing ct is made in the form of a series-connected receiving antenna, a high-frequency amplifier, a mixer, the second input of which is connected through the local oscillator to the output of the search unit and an intermediate-frequency amplifier, a phase doubler, a second spectrum analyzer, and a comparison unit, the second input of which is connected with the output of the first spectrum analyzer, a threshold block, the second input of which through the delay line is connected to its output, the first key, phase detector and computer, the follower about connected to the output of the phase doubler of the phase divider into two and a narrow-band filter, while the input of the search unit is connected to the output of the threshold unit, each radio-frequency tag is made in the form of a piezocrystal with an aluminum thin-film interdigital transducer applied to its surface connected to a microstrip antenna, and a set of reflectors, while the interdigital transducer contains two comb systems of electrodes, the electrodes of each of the combs are connected to each other by buses connected to micro antenna, characterized in that it is equipped with four frequency detectors, four triggers, four double balanced switches, a total frequency amplifier, an amplitude detector and a second key, and a frequency detector is connected in series to the output of the narrow-band filter of each reader receiver and information collection and processing point, a trigger and a double balanced switch, the second input of which is connected to the output of the narrow-band filter, and the output is connected to the second input of the phase detector, to Exit mixer connected in series with the sum frequency amplifier, an amplitude detector and a second key, the second input of which is connected to the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier, and an output connected to the outputs of the first phase and the doubler spectrum analyzer and to the second input of the first key.

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