RU2586860C2 - Registration and control of moving objects flights - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: test and measurement equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to technical means of registration and control of flights moving objects. System of registration and monitoring of mobile objects flights contains controlled moving objects, RFID tags containing piezoelectric crystal, microstrip antenna system, electrodes, two tires, and set of reflectors and control point. At mobile unit is installed: pressure sensors, body position, fuel consumption, distance traveled, element I, encoding transmitter, high-frequency generator, phase manipulator, power amplifier, transmission-reception antenna, circulator, high-frequency amplifier, phase detector, adder, timer and code generator. At control point set: receiving antenna, high frequency amplifier, search unit, two local oscillators, two amplifiers, two mixers, two intermediate frequency amplifier, amplitude detector, two multiplier, notch filter, low pass filter, panoramic receiver, decoder, register unit, element prohibition generator pulse duration, two key correlator threshold unit, frequency, fuel consumption meter, odometer and an additional registration unit.

EFFECT: technical result - monitor implementation schedule specified route of movement.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The proposed system relates to the field of technical means of registration and control of flights of moving objects and can be used to take into account the effectiveness of the use of vehicles when automatically accounting for the shipment of products in trade or taking into account the acceptance of raw materials, shipment of products in agriculture, and for transportation of municipal solid waste and bulk cargo.

Known systems and devices for registration and control of moving objects (ed. Certificate of the USSR No. 215.536, 318.971, 477.330, 498.636, 696.508, 769581, 830.447, 1.123.041, RF patents No. 2.100.843, 2.184.992, 2.225.642 , 2.234.735, 2.243.592; French patent No. 2.658.341; EP patents No. 0.249.487, 0.989.525, etc.).

Of the known systems and devices, the closest to the proposed one is a device for recording flights of dump trucks (RF patent No. 2.234.735, G07C 5/08, 2002), which is selected as a prototype.

The known device provides increased noise immunity and selectivity of the panoramic receiver by suppressing false signals (interference) received via additional channels.

An object of the invention is to expand the functionality of the system by monitoring the implementation of the schedule of a given route of movement.

The problem is solved in that the system of registration and control of flights of moving objects, containing, in accordance with the closest analogue, on each controlled moving object a pressure sensor connected in series, element I, the second input of which is connected to the output of the body position sensor, a coding unit, a second and the third inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the fuel consumption sensor and the sensor of the traveled distance, respectively, a phase manipulator, the second input of which is connected to the first output of the high generator s, and a power amplifier, and at the control point, a receiving antenna, a high-frequency amplifier, a first mixer, the second input of which through the first local oscillator is connected to the output of the search unit, the first intermediate frequency amplifier, the second key, the first multiplier, the second input of which is connected to low-pass filter output, a narrow-band filter, a second multiplier, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second key, a low-pass filter and a decoder, to the outputs of which are connected according to the number of monitored moving objects, executive units, each of which consists of a prohibition element, a registration unit and a pulse shaper connected in series to the decoder, the output of which is connected to the prohibition input of the prohibition element, and a second mixer connected to the output of the high-frequency amplifier, the second input of which is connected through the second local oscillator with the output of the search unit, a second intermediate-frequency amplifier, a correlator, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first intermediate-frequency amplifier you, and a threshold block whose output is connected to the second input of the second key, the first key is connected in series to the second input of the first local oscillator, the second input of which is connected through the amplitude detector to the output of the second key, a frequency meter and an additional recording unit, whose second, third and fourth inputs connected directly and through the fuel consumption meter and the traveled distance meter with the corresponding outputs of the decoder, while the local oscillator frequencies are spaced twice the intermediate frequency

f _r2 -f _r1 = 2f _pr

selected symmetrical with respect to the carrier frequency of the main channel

f ₁ -f _G1 = f _G2 -f ₁ = fpr

and are tuned in synchronously, differs from the closest analogue in that it is equipped with radio frequency tags installed at control points along the movement path of a moving object, which is equipped with a transceiver antenna, a circulator, a high-frequency amplifier, a phase detector, an adder, a code generator and a timer, and to the output a power amplifier is connected in series with a circulator, the input-output of which is connected to a transceiver antenna, a high-frequency amplifier, a phase detector, the second input of which is connected inen with the second output of the high-frequency generator, and the adder, the second input of which is connected through the code generator to the timer output, and the output is connected to the fourth input of the coding unit, each radio-frequency tag is made in the form of a piezocrystal with a thin-film aluminum interdigital transducer deposited on its surface and a set of reflectors, the interdigital transducer of surface acoustic waves contains two comb systems of electrodes connected to each other by buses connected to microfields Osche transceiver antenna, also made on the surface of the piezocrystal.

The block diagram of the equipment installed on a moving object is shown in FIG. 1. The block diagram of the equipment installed at the control point, in FIG. 3. A functional diagram of the RFID tag is shown in FIG. 2. A frequency diagram explaining the process of forming additional reception channels is shown in FIG. four.

The equipment installed on a moving object contains a pressure sensor 1 connected in series, element I 3, the second input of which is connected to the output of the body position sensor 2, an encoding unit 4, the second and third inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the fuel consumption sensor 11 and the distance sensor 12 accordingly, a phase manipulator 14, the second input of which is connected to the first output of the high-frequency generator 13, a power amplifier 15, a circulator 39, the input-output of which is connected to a transceiver antenna 16, a high-frequency amplifier 40 Toty, phase detector 41, a second input coupled to the second output of the generator 13, high frequency, and an adder 42, whose second input is through code generator 44 is connected to the output of the timer 43, and an output connected to a fourth input of block 4 coding.

The radio frequency tag is made in the form of a piezocrystal 45 with a thin-film aluminum interdigital transducer deposited on its surface and a set of 50 reflectors. The interdigital transducer (IDT) of surface acoustic waves (SAWs) contains two comb systems of electrodes 47 connected to each other by buses 48 and 49 connected to a microstrip transceiver antenna 46, also made on the surface of the piezoelectric crystal 45.

The equipment installed at the control point contains a receiving antenna 17 connected in series, a high-frequency amplifier 18, a first mixer 21, the second input of which is connected through the first local oscillator 20 to the output of the search unit 19, the first intermediate frequency amplifier 22, the second switch 38, the first multiplier 24 the second input of which is connected to the output of the low-pass filter 27, a narrow-band filter 26, the second multiplier 25, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second key 38, the low-pass filter 27 and the decoder 7, to the outputs of which execution units are each determined by the number of controlled movable objects, each of which consists of a prohibition element 9, a registration unit 8, and a pulse width generator 10, the output of which is connected to the prohibition input of the prohibition element 9, connected in series to the decoder 7. A second mixer 34 is sequentially connected to the output of the high-frequency amplifier 18, the second input of which is connected through the second local oscillator 33 to the output of the search unit 19, the second intermediate-frequency amplifier 35, the correlator 36, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first intermediate-frequency amplifier 22, and the threshold block 37, the output of which is connected to the second input of the second key 38. The first key 28 is connected in series to the second input of the first local oscillator 20, the second input of which is connected through the amplitude detector 23 to the output of the second key 38, a frequency meter 29 and an additional recording unit 32, the second, third and fourth inputs of which are connected directly and through a fuel consumption meter 30 and a distance meter 31 with the corresponding outputs of the decoder 7.

The system of registration and control of flights of moving objects works as follows.

When lifting a body with a load, the pressure in the oil line of the lifting body increases, the pressure sensor 1 gives a signal that goes to the first input of the logical element And 3. The latter gives a signal only when the second input receives a signal from the body position sensor 2, which gives signal only when the body is raised to the upper position. If there are two signals from the pressure sensor 1 and the sensor 2 of the body position element And 3 gives a signal that is fed to the first input of coding unit 4.

The system operation described above corresponds to the case when a dump truck is used as a moving object.

When the truck is moving, signals from the fuel consumption sensor 11 and the sensor 12 of the distance traveled in the form of a series of pulses also arrive at the second and third inputs of the coding unit 4. The coding unit 4 generates a modulating code M ₁ (t), in which information about the license plate number of the dump truck, the amount by lifting the body with cargo, fuel consumption and the distance traveled is “sewn”. The modulating code M ₁ (t) contains N ₁ chips of duration τ _E. In this case, the first n elementary parcels carry digital information about the license plate number of the dump truck, m elementary parcels are assigned to the number of body lifts with cargo, l elementary parcels report fuel consumption and z elementary parcels reflect the distance traveled by the dump truck (N ₁ = n + m + l + z).

The modulating code M ₁ (t) from the output of the coding unit 4 is fed to the first input of the phase manipulator 14, to the second input of which harmonic oscillation is fed from the first output of the high-frequency generator 13

U ₁ (t) = V ₁ * Cos (2πf ₁ t + φ ₁ ), 0≤t≤T ₁

where V ₁ , f ₁ , φ ₁ , T ₁ - amplitude, carrier frequency, initial phase and duration of harmonic oscillation.

At the output of the phase manipulator 14, a phase-manipulated (f _Mn ) signal is formed

U ₂ (t) = V ₁ * Cos (2πf ₁ t + φ _k1 (t) + φ ₁ ), 0≤t≤T ₁

where φ _k1 (t) = {0, π} is the manipulated component of the phase, which reflects the law of phase manipulation in accordance with the modulating code M ₁ (t), and φ _k1 (t) = const for kτ _Э <t <(k + 1 ) τ _E and can change abruptly at t = kτ _E , i.e. at the borders between elementary premises (k = 1, 2, ... N ₁ -1);

τ _E , N ₁ - the duration and number of chips that make up a signal of duration T ₁ (T ₁ = N ₁ * τ _E ),

which after amplification in the power amplifier 15 through the circulator 39 enters the transceiver antenna 16 and is broadcast.

It should be noted that each truck has its own modulating code M _i (t) and carrier frequency f _i (i = 1, 2, ..., S),

where S is the number of controlled dump trucks.

When the dump trucks pass the control point at which the RF tag is installed, the F _Mn signal U ₂ (t) is captured by the microstrip antenna 46, the IDT is converted into an acoustic wave, which propagates along the surface of the piezoelectric crystal 45, is reflected from a set of 50 reflectors, and is again converted into a signal with phase shift keying

U ₃ = V ₃ * Cos (2πf ₁ t + φ _k2 (t) + φ ₁ ), 0≤t≤T ₁

where φ _k2 (t) = {0, π} is the manipulated phase component that reflects the phase manipulation law in accordance with the IDT topology M ₂ (t), which, in turn, determines the serial number and location of the control point,

which is radiated by the microstrip transceiver antenna 46 into the air, is captured by the transceiver antenna 16 of the dump truck and, through the circulator 39 and the high-frequency amplifier 40, is fed to the first (information) input of the phase detector 41, to the second (reference) input of which harmonic oscillation U ₁ is supplied as the reference voltage (t) from the second output of the high-frequency generator 13. As a result of synchronous detection, a low-frequency voltage is generated at the output of the phase detector 41

U _H1 (t) = V _H1 * Cosφ _k2 (t), 0≤t≤T ₁

where U _H1 (t) = ½V ₃ * V ₁ ,

proportional to the modulating code M ₂ (t), which determines the serial number and location of the control point.

This voltage is applied to the first input of adder 42.

The current time from the output of the timer 43 is supplied to the input of the code generator 44, which generates the modulating code M ₃ (t). This code is fed to the second input of the adder 42, the output of which is formed by the total code

M _Σ (t) = M ₂ (t) + M ₃ (t),

which from the output of the adder 42 is fed to the fourth input of the coding unit 4. The coding unit 4 generates a modeling code M ₄ (t), which contains information about the modulating codes M ₁ (t) and M _Σ (t). The modulating code M ₄ (t) contains N ₂ ′ elementary premises of duration τ _E. [N ₂ = N ₁ + p, where p is the number of elementary premises containing M _Σ (t)] in the modulating code.

The modulating code M ₄ (t) from the output of the coding unit 4 is fed to the first input of the phase manipulator 14, to the second input of which harmonic oscillation U ₁ (t) is supplied from the first output of the high-frequency generator 13.

At the output of the phase manipulator 14 in this case, the following f _Mn signal is generated

U ₄ (t) = V ₁ * Cos [2πf ₁ t + φ _k3 (t) + φ ₁ ], 0≤t≤T ₁

where φ _k3 (t) = {0, π} is the manipulated component of the phase, reflecting the law of phase manipulation in accordance with the modeling code M ₄ (t),

which after amplification in the power amplifier 15 through the circulator 39 enters the transceiver antenna 16 and is broadcast.

At the control point, the search for f _Mn signals belonging to various moving objects (dump trucks) is carried out using a panoramic receiver 6. For this, the search unit 19 periodically with a period T _p according to the sawtooth law synchronously changes the frequencies f _Г1 and f _{Г2 of the} local oscillators 20 and 33.

Received f _Mn signal U ₄ (t) from the output of the receiving antenna 17 through the high-frequency amplifier 18 is supplied to the first inputs of the mixers 21 and 34, the second inputs of which are the voltage of the local oscillators 20 and 33:

U _G1 (t) = V _G1 * Cos (2πf _T1 t + πγt ² + φ _r1)

U _Г2 (t) = V _Г2 * Cos (2πf _Г2 t + πγt ² + φ _Г2 ), 0≤t≤T ₁

where V _G1 , V _G2 , f _G1 , f _G2 , φ _G1 , φ _G2 , T _p - amplitudes, initial frequencies, initial phases and the period of repetition (tuning) of the local oscillator voltages;

γ = D _f / T _p - rate of change of local oscillator frequencies (speed of viewing a given frequency range D _f ).

In this case, the frequencies f _Г1 and f _{Г2 of the} local oscillators 20 and 33 are spaced apart by a double value of the intermediate frequency

f _r2 -f _r1 = 2f _pr

selected symmetrical with respect to the carrier frequency f _{1 of the} main receiving channel

f ₁ -f _Г1 = t _Г2 -f ₁ = f _pr

and rebuild synchronously (Fig. 4).

This circumstance leads to a doubling of the number of additional receiving channels, but creates favorable conditions for their suppression due to the correlation processing of channel voltages.

At the output of the mixers 21 and 34, voltages of combination frequencies are generated. The amplifiers 22 and 35 of the intermediate frequency distinguish the following voltages:

_Pr1 U (t) = V _pr1 Cos (2πf _ave t + φ _k3 (t) -πγt _pr1 + φ ^2),

_Np2 U (t) = V _np2 Cos (2πf _{ave t + φ k3 (t) +} πγt _np2 ² + φ), 0≤t≤T ₁

where V _pr1 = ½V ₁ * V _Г1 ; V _pr2 = ½V ₁ * V _Г2 ;

f _CR = f ₁ -f _G1 = f _G2 -f ₁ - intermediate frequency;

φ _pr1 = φ ₁ -φ _G1 ; φ _pr2 = φ _Г2 -φ ₁ ;

which are complex signals with combined phase shift keying and linear frequency modulation (f _Mn- LFM).

These voltages are supplied to the two inputs of the correlator 36, at the output of which a correlation function R (τ) is formed, which is compared with the threshold voltage V _pores in the threshold block 37. The threshold level V _{pores is} exceeded only at the maximum value of the correlation function R (τ).

Since the channel voltage U _CR1 (t) and U _CR2 (t) are formed by the same complex f _Mn signal U ₄ (t), received on two channels at the same frequency f ₁ , then between the indicated channel voltages strong correlation. The correlation function R (τ) Ф _Mn- signals has a pronounced main lobe that exceeds the threshold level V _pores in the threshold block 37. When the threshold level V _pores is exceeded, a constant voltage is generated in the threshold block 37, which is supplied to the control input of the key 38, opening him. In the initial state, keys 28 and 38 are always closed.

In this case, the voltage U _pr1 (t) from the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier 22 through the public key 38 is supplied to the first inputs of the multipliers 24 and 25. The voltage from the output of the narrow-band filter 26 is supplied to the second input of the multiplier 25:

U ₅ (t) = V ₅ Cos (2πf _pr t-πγt ² + φ _pr1 ), 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

at the output of the multiplier 25, a low-frequency voltage is formed

U _H2 (t) = V _H2 Cosφ _k3 (t), 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

where V _H2 (t) = ½V ₁ * V ₅ ;

proportional to the modeling code M ₄ (t).

This voltage is supplied to the second input of the multiplier 24, at the output of which a voltage U ₅ (t) is formed, which is released by the narrow-band filter 26.

The voltage U _H2 (t) simultaneously from the output of the low-pass filter 27 is supplied to the input of the decoder 7, which, depending on the code of the moving object (dump truck), gives a signal through the entry banning element 9 of the registration unit 8. The check-in block 8, having received and remembering the signal that the flight has been made, gives a signal to the former 10, which closes with the help of the ban element 9 the check-in block 8 from the decoder 7 for the minimum flight time, excluding the false offset of the flight in the check-in block 8 when the body is lifted again in case of sticking of material to the walls of the body. In addition, when lifting an empty body, the pressure sensor 1 does not give a signal.

The voltage U _pr1 (t) is simultaneously supplied to the input of the amplitude detector 23, the detected video signal of which is supplied to the control input of the key 28, opening it. The voltage of the local oscillator 20 through the public key 28 is fed to the input of the frequency meter 29, where the carrier frequency f _{1 of the} received f _Mn signal is measured.

, $$f_{\mathrm{one}}=f_{R\mathrm{one}}^{\text{'}\text{'}}+f_{PR}$$

,

- частота первого гетеродина 20 в данный момент времени.Where $$\text{'}\text{'}{f}_{R\mathrm{one}}^{\text{'}\text{'}}$$

- the frequency of the first local oscillator 20 at a given time.

The measured value of the carrier frequency is recorded by an additional registration unit 32, where the board number of the moving object (dump truck), the distance traveled, fuel consumption, serial numbers and the location of the control points through which the dump truck proceeded are simultaneously recorded.

The above operation of the system corresponds to the case of receiving useful f _Mn signals through the main channel at a frequency f ₁ .

If a complex signal (interference) is received through the first mirror channel at a frequency fz ₁ , then in mixers 21 and 34 it is converted to voltages of the following frequencies:

fz ₁₁ = f _Г1 + γ ₁ t-fз ₁ = f _pr + γ ₁ t,

fz ₁₂ = f _Г2 + γ ₁ t-fз ₁ = 3f _pr + γ ₁ t,

;

;

,

,

where the exponent denotes the second harmonic of the local oscillator frequencies.

However, only voltage with a frequency of fz ₁₁ falls into the passband Δf _{1 of the} intermediate frequency amplifier 22. The output voltage of the correlator 36 is zero, the key 38 does not open, and the spurious signal (interference) received on the first mirror channel at a frequency fz ₁ is suppressed.

For a similar reason, false signals (interference) received on the second mirror channel at a frequency f ₃₂ , along the first combinational channel at a frequency f _k1, and other additional channels are also suppressed.

If complex signals (interference) are simultaneously received on the first and second mirror channels at frequencies f ₃₁ and f ₃₂ , then the voltages fall into the passband Δf ₁ and Δf _{2 of the} amplifiers 22 and 35 of the intermediate frequency. But the key 38 in this case does not open. This is because different false signals (interference) are received at different frequencies f ₃₁ and f ₃₂ , so there is a weak correlation between channel voltages. In addition, it should be noted that the correlation function of interference does not have a pronounced main lobe, as is the case with complex f _Mn signals. The output voltage of the correlator 36 in this case does not exceed the threshold level V _pores in the threshold block 37, the key 38 does not open, and false signals (interference) received simultaneously on the first and second mirror channels at frequencies f ₃₁ and f ₃₂ are suppressed.

For a similar reason, false signals (interference) received simultaneously on two other additional channels are suppressed.

To transfer the operational performance of mobile objects (dump) on the control point uses sophisticated F _MN -alert signals with high noise immunity, energy and structural secrecy.

The system provides increased noise immunity and selectivity of the panoramic receiver. This is achieved by suppressing false signals (interference) received via additional channels due to correlation processing.

Thus, the proposed system in comparison with the prototype provides remote control over the implementation of the schedule of a given route of movement of moving objects (dump trucks). This is achieved by using control points on which radio frequency tags are mounted on surface acoustic waves.

Fixing the time passing by moving objects (dump trucks) of certain control points allows you to remotely control the schedule of their movement along a given route and promptly make decisions on restoring the rhythm of movement.

The main characteristics of the used radio frequency tags on surface acoustic waves include the following:

- the average transmitter power of the scanning device is not more than 100 mW;

- frequency range - 400-420 MHz (900-920 MHz);

- type of artificial signal - a complex signal with phase shift keying;

- the number of code combinations - 2 ³² -2 ¹²⁸ ;

- dimensions 8 * 15 * 5 mm;

- service life - at least 20 years;

- power consumption 0 W;

- range (distance) - at least 100 m.

The main distinguishing feature of RFID tags on surface waves is their small size and lack of power sources. Thus, the functionality of the system is expanded.

Claims (1)

A system for registering and controlling flights of moving objects, containing on each controlled moving object a pressure sensor connected in series, element I, the second input of which is connected to the output of the body position sensor, a coding unit, the second and third inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the fuel consumption sensor and the traveled distance sensor accordingly, a phase manipulator, the second input of which is connected to the first output of the high-frequency generator, and a power amplifier, and at the control point, series-connected pr antenna, high-frequency amplifier, first mixer, the second input of which is connected to the output of the search unit through the first local oscillator, the first intermediate-frequency amplifier, the second key, the first multiplier, the second input of which is connected to the output of the low-pass filter, narrow-band filter, second multiplier, second the input of which is connected to the output of the second key, a low-pass filter and a decoder, the outputs of which are connected by the number of monitored objects, executive units, each of which consists of sequentially connected to the decoder of the prohibition element, the registration unit and the pulse shaper, the output of which is connected to the prohibiting input of the prohibition element, the second mixer is connected in series to the output of the high-frequency amplifier, the second input of which is connected to the output of the search unit through the second local oscillator, the second intermediate-frequency amplifier, correlator, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first intermediate frequency amplifier, and the threshold block, the output of which is connected to the second input of the second key, the first key, connected to the second input of the first local oscillator, the second input of which is connected through the amplitude detector to the output of the second key, the frequency meter and an additional registration unit, the second, third and fourth inputs of which are connected directly and through the fuel consumption meter and the distance meter with the corresponding outputs of the decoder while the frequencies of the local oscillators are spaced by twice the value of the intermediate frequency
f _Г2 -f _Г1 = 2f _пр , where f _Г2 and f _Г1 are the frequencies of the second and first local oscillators, respectively; f _CR - intermediate frequency, selected symmetrical relative to the carrier frequency of the main channel
f ₁ -f _G1 = f _G2 -f ₁ = f _CR , where f ₁ - carrier frequency,
and are tuned synchronously, characterized in that it is equipped with radio frequency tags installed at control points along the movement path of a movable object, which is equipped with a transceiver antenna, a circulator, a high frequency amplifier, a phase detector, an adder, a code generator and a timer, and to the output of the power amplifier in series a circulator is connected, the input-output of which is connected to the transceiver antenna, a high-frequency amplifier, a phase detector, the second input of which is connected to the second output ohm of the high-frequency generator, and an adder, the second input of which is connected through the code generator to the timer output, and the output is connected to the fourth input of the coding unit, each radio-frequency tag is made in the form of a piezocrystal with a flat-film aluminum interdigital converter and a set of reflectors deposited on its surface, the interdigital transducer of surface acoustic waves contains two comb systems of electrodes connected to each other by buses connected to a microstrip receiver giving antenna, also made on the surface of the piezocrystal.

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