RU2178633C2 - Potato cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves autumn skim plowing combined with harrowing; soil plowing combined with mellowing by means of rotary harrow; leveling soil surface; spring plowing by means of rotary harrow or vibratory cultivator to 6-8 cm depth with following soil rotavation to 10- 12 cm depth; planting potato tubers to 7-9 cm depth; forming triangular ridge; rotavation of soil in spacings 10-20 days after planting and simultaneously forming final ridge profile. Method allows additional soil cultivation operations and chemical weed control operations to be avoided. EFFECT: increased efficiency and improved potato yield. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the cultivation of potatoes.

 The purpose of the invention is the improvement of agro-technical conditions for the cultivation of potatoes.

 There is a method of preparing soil for planting potato dump and subsurface chisel processing, 1-2 cultivation, the formation of the ridge at the same time as planting (1).

 However, it is well known that this applied set of techniques for soil cultivation does not provide a sufficient fuzzy soil structure and conditions for the conservation of moisture in the soil.

 The closest method to the same purpose is the method of cultivating potatoes, including cultivating the soil during the formation of the ridge with leaving an untreated zone at the base of the ridge (2).

 The disadvantage of this method is the formation of ridges in the planting process itself, which necessitates a separate chemical or agrotechnical destruction of weeds and the fact that a completely untreated zone at the base of the ridge makes it difficult for penetrating the feeding roots of potatoes.

 The Dutch and German methods of cultivating potatoes because of the difficult soil and climatic conditions are unacceptable in Russia: they require energy-intensive additional tillage and an abundance of chemical methods.

 The above agricultural disadvantages in the known solutions are eliminated in the following method of cultivating potatoes (see drawing).

 The first soil cultivation operation for planting potatoes is the autumn stubble cultivation by stubble cultivators. However, they leave clumps in dry weather, and in wet - chip-like ribbons, and in both cases - furrows. These factors contribute poorly to the emergence of weeds. These agrotechnical disadvantages are eliminated if the disk cultivators are equipped with plank-tooth harrows. In this case, the resulting finely lumpy soil structure at a depth of 4-5 cm and a good leveling of the field contribute to stable heat, moisture, and air conditions in the soil and provoke weeds, which will limit the use of herbicides in the future.

 The next autumn tillage is autumn tillage to the depth adopted in the zone, not with a simple plow that collects weed seeds, but with a combined plow equipped with a rotary conical disc-tooth, either needle or disk, instead of a tooth harrow. At the same time, the best indices are provided by a non-moldboard plow or plane cutter. This technique agrotechnically provides better alignment of the field surface.

 In spring, instead of the traditional harrowing with tooth harrows, the soil is loosened using a rotary harrow with a conical spike or needle, or a cultivator with vibrating working bodies to a depth of 6-8 cm.This operation eliminates the appearance of lumps from unripe soil and draining furrows on the surface of the field. The proposed method, due to the guaranteed finely lumpy structure of the soil, accelerates its ripening while eliminating the blowing of moisture and provokes the emergence of weeds, which also limits the use of herbicides.

 The next operation is continuous milling to a depth of 10-12 cm. This operation finally forms a small-lumpy soil structure - the main condition for maintaining winter moisture reserves in the soil, warming the soil, provoking subsequent shoots of weeds, eliminating irregular tuberization.

 The next operation - the planting itself is done on the same day, if the fields are relatively clean of weeds. If the fields are clogged, then 2-3 days are given for the emergence of weeds in the threadlike stage of development in order to destroy them during planting itself, which once again limits the use of herbicides in the future. When planting, the tubers are laid not on the very bottom of the treated layer with a mill, but on the sole about 2 cm high, which causes the seeds to contact the soil and attach the first roots to it to accelerate nutrition. On top of the tubers, the soil is not laid in a thick layer, but only 7-9 cm, which contributes to a better thermal regime to accelerate the emergence of potatoes in the ridges of a triangular shape. In this case, weeds also sprout together. They are eliminated during subsequent milling-combing, which is carried out after 18-20 days in the case when the seed tubers were not germinated, and after 10-15 days, when germinated. This operation again limits the use of herbicides in the future.

 Milling-combing finally forms the profile of the ridge, taking soil for this in the row spacing from the layer lower than that processed by continuous milling to a depth of 10-12 cm, but within the layer where the autumn plowing was carried out, and not from the untreated layer, as suggested in prototypes, because shrinkage of the soil after chaffinch plowing, having a higher density than above the tubers, already directs tuberization not down, but up into the ridge of sufficient height of 22-26 cm and a width of 12-18 cm. The finely crumbly massive ridge accumulates heat and moisture And delivers it from the lower layers as a "wick" preserved intact soil layer after autumn plowing through temperature spread between the bottom of the soil layer and the surface layer, which is very important in dry conditions.

 Under conditions of moisture loss, this "wick", on the contrary, helps to exclude the tubers from getting a new crop soaked, and to filter out excess rainfall into the lower layers of the soil. In case of loss, the digging organ of the digger or combine goes over this “wick” of the ridge, which eliminates the ingress of unnecessary soil and uncrushed lumps into the combine.

 The tested and proposed method of potato cultivation was tested under production conditions for 7 years and ensured the excess of yield over control to 180 kg / ha due to improved agrotechnical conditions for its cultivation.

 Thus, the above information confirms the novelty of the invention - a method of cultivating potatoes, the possibility of its implementation, as described in the following claims, the ability to achieve the goal perceived by the applicant.

 Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement to grant a patent under applicable law.

Sources of information
1. SU, copyright certificate, 1653569, cl. A 01 B 79/02, 1991. "A method of preparing soil for planting potatoes in the ridges."

 2. SU, copyright certificate, 1658667, cl. A 01 B 79/02, 1991. "Method for the cultivation of potatoes."

Claims (1)

 A method of cultivating potatoes, including autumn stubble cultivation and plowing, spring loosening of the soil, planting tubers and forming a ridge from loosened soil, characterized in that in the fall, simultaneously with stubble cultivation, harrowing is carried out, and simultaneously with plowing, the soil is loosened with a rotary harrow and the surface is leveled, this spring loosening of the soil is carried out by a rotary harrow or a vibrating cultivator to a depth of 6-8 cm, followed by milling of the soil to a depth of 10-12 cm, and the tubers are planted to a depth of 7-9 cm with the formation of a ridge of a triangular shape, and 10-20 days after planting, soil is milled in the row-spacing with the simultaneous formation of the final profile of the ridge.