RU2139398C1 - Multitier garage complex - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction engineering. SUBSTANCE: this particularly relates to building of underground, sunk in ground or ground surface vertical multistory structures. Multitier garage complex has two separate, divided from each other in vertical symmetrical interstory spiral flooring which carries vehicle stalls and approach roads with one-way traffic. Adjacent interstory flooring sections at sites of their adjoining at similar level mark have common horizontal platforms for movement of vehicles from one road to another. Aforesaid embodiment of multitier garage complex allows for simplification of structure and reducing operational expenses. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of construction of underground (buried or surface) vertical rectangular multi-storey buildings intended for placement in them garages or parking for vehicles.

 Famous are the ground-level multi-tier garage parking lots / 1 - 3 /, combining the advantages of multi-storey buildings and individual box garages: separate parking spaces are located on the tiers of multi-storey parking lots, isolated from each other. For this, a structural volumetric scheme is usually used, varying the number of storeys. To supply vehicles to the parking lot, special freight elevators and shafts are provided for them, a variety of external and internal ring platforms, special flyovers with counterweights, vertical lifts with platforms or other handling equipment.

 Also known are parking lots and garages of the tunnel type / 4 /, constructed in a closed way with virtually no surface damage. Such underground structures in the form of segments of tunnels of 150 - 200 m are shallow and deep. Parking tunnels and garages of a shallow type are located under streets and driveways in a densely built-up part of the city, where opening the surface is fraught with many difficulties. To connect the underground tiers with the surface of the earth, direct or spiral ramps, stairs, elevators or escalators (for drivers and passengers) are arranged. For example, in a tunnel with a diameter of 10 - 11 m, no more than two tiers of 2.1 m can be placed with cars installed in one row perpendicular to the axis of passage, and in a tunnel with a diameter of 12 - 13 m, three tiers with two-way arrangement (oblique and straight along the axis of passage ) cars on the middle and one-sided (perpendicular to the axis of passage) - on the upper and lower tiers. To provide four-tier parking, the tunnel should have a diameter of 15 -16 m [5,6].

The well-known is the underground 3.5-storey circular structure - an underground garage for 656 parking lots with a total area of 5385 m ² built in Pirmasens (Germany) on the Exercirplatz / 7 / square during the renovation of the city center. The garage with a diameter of 82.8 m is screwed into the rock like a spindle. The light and air courtyard has a diameter of 18 m. In its center are an elevator and a stair tower. Entry and exit are organized in one-way traffic without the formation of traffic jams along a four-road slope 11.50 m wide. The parking lots are at an angle of 60 degrees to the right and left of the roadway. This allows for optimal entry and exit. Check-in and check-out are shortened due to additional reversal options.

Such a structure in its essence and the achieved result is the closest to this invention and is taken as a prototype. However, it has the following disadvantages:
1. Underground garages and parking lots are urgently needed mainly in densely populated areas of the city with a high density of residential and administrative buildings with a dense network of roads, underground subways, utilities, etc. Nevertheless, it is always extremely difficult to find a large area for the construction of such a structure.

 2. Perhaps and there is a need to use the central part of the structure as a "light and air yard" in the event that the underground structure is intended only for the device of parking of cars. But neither natural light nor air flow into the structure through a deep underground central "well" will produce the desired effect if separate closed garages are provided inside the structure.

 3. Placement in the central part of the elevator shaft and stair tower construction is advisable only for small-diameter structures, as and the elevator shaft and stair tower occupy a small area. On the other hand, in the construction of a small diameter, the slope of a helical ramp will turn out to be unacceptably steep and inconvenient for circular automobile traffic.

 4. Entry and exit of cars are provided on a four-road slope (two lanes down, two up). But this leads to the formation of oncoming traffic flows of vehicles inside the structure, which will adversely affect the safety of traffic in the cramped conditions of an underground structure with circular traffic on helical roads.

 5. Providing opportunities for a convenient turn of cars inside the structure (with the goal, for example, of changing the direction of movement, or the day of reducing the total path from a particular garage to the exit) requires large additional areas, which ultimately reduces the efficiency of use of usable area and the volume of the structure as a whole.

The objective of the invention is:
the creation of such a construction structure - a multi-tiered garage complex (underground, buried or ground-based), which will allow:
- to erect structures using well-known traditional methods (for underground, for example, using the "wall in soil" method or the mining method "lowering well", an ordinary open one, etc.);
- eliminate the need for laying expensive underground tunnels of any diameter and carrying out the whole complex of complex engineering and geological surveys in the construction area at great depths before their penetration;
- to create maximum convenience for the operation of each garage: convenient entry and exit, the exclusion of traffic jams, traffic jams, queues in cramped conditions inside the building:
- organize the movement of transport inside the structure in only one direction (one-way) and exclude car turns by 180 degrees in order to improve road safety and ensure reliable safety of the supporting structures of the structure (i.e., minimize the risk of collision of vehicles);
- to use the entire internal volume and area of the structure with the highest possible efficiency, including as much as possible to reduce the surface area of the external walls of the structure;
- eliminate the need for the installation of freight elevators, various external and internal ring rotating platforms, special mobile flyovers with counterweights, vertical lifts with various drives and platforms, and other complex and cumbersome technological equipment designed for one purpose - delivering each car to the garage (to the place parking) and issuing it back;
This problem is solved in the invention due to the fact that the multi-tier garage complex of underground, in-ground or ground-based execution contains two vertically divided, symmetrical inter-storey spiral floors, with garages (car parks) located on them and access roads with one-way traffic, while adjacent Interfloor ceilings in the places of their interfacing at the same elevation have common horizontal platforms for moving cars from one road to another.

 The multi-storey garage complex of underground, in-ground or ground-based construction is a rectangular construction. Inside it, separate garages (car parks) and access roads to them with one-way traffic are located on symmetrical spiral floors with ceilings made in each of the two parts of the vertically divided structure. Adjacent interfloor ceilings in the places of their conjugation at the same elevation have common horizontal platforms for moving cars from one road to another. Traffic on both symmetrical helical roads having one, two or more lanes is provided in only one direction (without turns and oncoming traffic of cars).

 The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 is a plan of a rectangular underground multi-tiered garage complex; in FIG. 2 - section 1-1 and 2-2 (see Fig. 1); in FIG. 3 - section 3-3 (see Fig. 1); FIG. 4 - section 4-4 (see Fig. 1).

Positions in the drawings (Fig. 1-4) denote:
1 - external walls of the structure; 2 - internal load-bearing walls; 3 - floor between the floors of the garage; 4 - carriageway; 5 - platforms for moving from one road to another; 6 - stairwell: 7 - passenger elevator; 8 - enclosing structures of the garage; 9 - a partition between garages; 10 - garage door;
To implement the described device (see Fig. 1-4), the external walls 1 of the structure are erected by any known method. Then, the internal bearing walls 2, interfloor ceilings 3, which can be made as monolithic reinforced concrete without beams, and beams, and the carriageway 4 on them, are erected. The structure is divided vertically into two halves by the bearing walls. Interfloor ceilings in each of them are made symmetrical helical. Garages (parking lots) are located on floors between the perimeter of the structure along the outer walls, as well as on both sides of the internal load-bearing walls. The movement of all vehicles in the structure is one-way. On both symmetrical roads having one, two or more lanes, traffic along the garages is provided in only one direction (without oncoming traffic of cars and their turn by 180 degrees). At the places of passage of roads in each part of the structure at the same elevation, they are interconnected by common segments of the carriageway 5, which enable each vehicle to move downhill (to lower tiers) by moving uphill (to upper tiers) and vice versa.

 For the descent of people on each tier of the garage complex, two stairwells 6 and two passenger elevators 7. The garages have enclosing structures 8 and are separated by partitions 9. There are garage gates 10 for entering and leaving each garage. .

 To highlight parking lots (without building separate boxes for each car), special strips are applied on the floor or light barriers are installed. In densely populated residential areas, in the central part of the city, it is advisable to use several tiers closest to the surface of the earth for parking vehicles, and to build closed garages on more remote tiers.

 The proposed invention eliminates the above disadvantages, which are characteristic of well-known structural solutions, including the prototype, and allows you to create a multi-tiered garage complex of rectangular plan shape for any number of vehicles, varying only by the size of the structure, using traditional methods of excavation and construction works. The main and necessary condition for the implementation of the invention is that it should be divided into two parts vertically, and adjacent interfloor ceilings should be symmetrical helical and have common sections of roads. A complete refusal due to the unnecessary use of complex handling equipment and from separate structures or areas for the installation of special screw ramps and ramps with two-way traffic to move cars to the garage and vice versa reduces the cost of the structure, simplifies its operation and reduces maintenance costs. The main achievement of the invention is to provide maximum comfort for drivers, there is the possibility of maneuvering cars inside the structure without turning 180 degrees, the requirements for improving road safety due to the organization of only one-way traffic of all vehicles in the structure (without oncoming traffic) are met.

Sources of information:
1. RF patent N 2059781 "Prefabricated garage", 1983

 2. RF patent N 2060333 "Automated garage-warehouse".

 3. Application for invention N 94025782/33 "Automated garage complex".

 4. L. Makovsky "Parking lots and garages of the tunnel type", the magazine "Metrostroy", N 6 - 1983, p. 24.

 5. "Building norms and rules. Design standards. Engineering surveys for construction. Basic provisions." SNiP 11-9-78, Gosstroy of the USSR. Moscow, Stroyizdat, 1979 - 22 p.

 6. "Building norms and rules. Design standards. Underground mine workings" SNiP 11-94-80, Gosstroy of the USSR, Moscow, Stroyizdat, 1982 - 30 p.

 7. "New ways in the construction of underground garages. An example of Pirmasens." Peri. Formwork and scaffolding. "Directory'92. Successfully build with the company PERI", edition 2'92.

Claims (1)

 A multi-tier garage complex of underground, in-ground or ground-based construction, characterized in that within the rectangular construction plan, garages and access roads to them with one-way traffic are located on symmetrical inter-storey screw-shaped ceilings made in each of two parts of a vertically divided structure, while inter-floor ceilings in places of passage of roads at one altitude they are interconnected and form common sections of the carriageway for moving from one road to another.

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