RU2129197C1 - Multilevel garage setup - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction engineering. SUBSTANCE: this garage setup relates to vertical multistory garage structures which can be underground, buried, and ground surface type. Such structures are intended for parking various types of motor vehicles. Multilevel garage setup is made up of at least two vertical shafts located one inside other. Arranged between walls of these vertical shafts on interfloor coverings are separate parking lots for motor vehicles and approach lines leading to them. Made parallel to walls are two symmetrical spiral-type roads. They are left-hand one and right-hand one. One of these roads goes along parking lots located along walls of external shaft, other spiral road is arranged along parking lots located along walls of internal shaft. Traffic on these spiral roads is only unidirectional. At locations where left-hand and right-hand spiral roads are contiguous with each other, provided are common sections of roadways on which downgrade movement of vehicles can be changed to upgrade movement and vice versa. Aforesaid embodiment of garage setup allows for maximal utilization of internal cubical capacity and floor area of structure. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 6 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of construction of underground (buried or ground) vertical structures intended for placement in them garages (parking) for vehicles.

 The ground-based multi-tier garage parking lots [1-3], which combine the advantages of multi-storey buildings and a separate garage-box, are well-known; separate parking spaces are located on the tiers of multi-storey parking lots, isolated from each other. For this, a constructive scheme of volumetric block modules is usually used, which allows efficient use of the territory, varying the number of storeys. To supply vehicles to the parking lot, special freight elevators and shafts are provided for them, a variety of external and internal ring platforms, special flyovers with counterweights, vertical lifts with platforms or other handling equipment. Perhaps the device of internal ramps. The planning flexibility of this system gives a wide range of capacity without limiting the configuration of the building in plan.

 In many large cities, underground and semi-underground garages and parking lots occupying a small area are gaining ground, the construction of which allows to eliminate ground parking and improve the sanitary and hygienic condition of the air. Compared to land, material costs are about 1.5-2 times higher, but are compensated by the savings in urban areas and the creation of the greatest amenities for car owners. As a rule, underground garages are located in multi-storey shallow structures, the construction of which is an open way. At the same time, disturbances in the movement of public transport and pedestrians, laborious work on the reconstruction of underground utilities and the strengthening of foundations located near buildings are inevitable.

 In this regard, there were parking lots and garages of the tunnel type [4], constructed in a closed way with virtually no surface damage. Such underground structures in the form of segments of tunnels of 150-200 m are shallow and deep. Parking tunnels and garages of a shallow type are located under streets and driveways in a densely built-up part of the city, where opening the surface is fraught with many difficulties. To connect the underground tiers with the surface of the earth, direct or spiral ramps, stairs, elevators or escalators (for drivers and passengers) are arranged. For example, in a tunnel with a diameter of 10-11 m you can place no more than two tiers of 2.1 m high with cars installed in one row perpendicular to the axis of passage, and in a tunnel with a diameter of 12-13 m three tiers with two-sided arrangement (oblique and straight along the axis of passage ) cars on the middle and one-sided (perpendicular to the axis of passage) - on the upper and lower tiers. To provide four-tier parking, the tunnel should have a diameter of 15-16 m.

The construction of the tunnel type, designed for parking lots and garages, in its essence and the achieved result is the closest to this invention and is taken as a prototype. However, it has the following disadvantages:
1) the need to build not one, but at least two separate underground structures to accommodate the entrance and exit ramps for cars,
2) the installation of special freight elevators, a variety of external and internal ring rotating platforms, special mobile flyovers with counterweights, vertical lifts with various drives and platforms, etc., which significantly increases the cost of the structure as a whole and worsens its operational performance,
3) the need to conduct an additional set of expensive engineering and geological surveys [5, 6] before starting underground tunnels in the construction area, without which it is impossible to calculate rock stability, select the type of tunneling equipment and the structure of the tunnel lining, as well as determine the main and additional loads lining the tunnel, develop a project for the production of works, guarantee the quality of penetration and give a comprehensive assessment of the possible consequences of the construction of this underground mine zheniya for neighboring buildings,
4) the need to lay complex and expensive tunnels of large diameter to accommodate a large number of cars in several tiers,
5) for the sinking of horizontal tunnels of large diameters, the development and manufacture of new types of lining, as well as various equipment (paneling units, tunneling machines, pavers, etc.) is required, which in turn leads to a significant increase in the cost of construction,
4) installation work inside the tunnel at a depth is a very expensive, time-consuming and complicated process,
5) the need to install bulky and complex technological and special technical systems inside the tunnels: water supply and sewerage, ventilation and air conditioning, electrical equipment and lighting, fire extinguishing systems, alarms, etc.,
6) the need to perform auxiliary underground workings for laying transverse tunnels, allowing to connect the main tunnels into one closed transport highway and organize the movement of vehicles in at least one direction, since the organization of two-way traffic requires huge additional costs due to the increase in the width of the carriageway, which means diameter of the main tunnels.

 7) the need for continuous sanitary-hygienic monitoring of air quality inside horizontal tunnels.

 The objective of the invention is the creation of such a structure design - a multi-tiered garage complex (underground, buried or ground-based), which will allow you to build underground structures by known methods ("wall in the ground", mining method "lowering well", the usual open, etc.), eliminate the need a complex of complex engineering and geological surveys in the area at a greater depth before tunneling, to eliminate the need to lay expensive underground tunnels of any diameter Tra, to create maximum amenities for the operation of each garage: convenient entry and exit, elimination of traffic jams, traffic jams, queues and in cramped conditions inside the structure, to organize the movement of transport inside the structure (from the moment the car enters to its exit) in only one direction (one-sided) in order to increase road safety and ensure reliable safety of the supporting structures of the structure (to minimize the risk of collision of cars), erect multi-tier garage complexes (underground, deep or ground) of arbitrary planned configuration, taking into account the general plan of the construction area (housing estate), and not only round or rectangular, maximize the use of the entire internal volume of the structure, eliminate the need for installation of freight elevators, various external and internal ring rotating platforms, special movable flyovers with counterweights, vertical hoists with various drives and platforms and other complex and bulky technological equipment for car abandonment in the garage (to the parking place) and delivery back.

 This problem is solved in the invention due to the fact that the multi-tier garage complex consists of at least two vertical wells located one inside the other. Separate garages (parking lots) are located along the inner surface of the wall of the outer well, as well as along the outer surface of the wall of the inner well. Along the garages (parking lots), two symmetrical (left and right) spiral roads are laid - external and internal, each with two-lane traffic of cars and one pedestrian walkway (sidewalk passing along the garages). Traffic on the roads is provided only in one direction (one-way), and on the areas adjacent to the carriageway of the external road to the carriageway of the internal road (at diametrically opposite points of the connection between the two helical symmetrical spirals inserted one into the other), platforms common for both roads are provided exit - sections of the carriageway that allow the descent to be changed to uphill (or vice versa) without a U-turn if necessary for the driver.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a vertical section along I-I of an underground multi-tiered garage complex and its plan; in FIG. 2 - node N 1 (see Fig. 1); in FIG. 3 - node N 2 (see Fig. 1); in FIG. 4 - a fragment of a vertical section according to 2-2 (see Fig. 1); in FIG. 5 - scheme of conditional breakdown of the structure into sectors 1-3; in FIG. 6 - vertical scan of the structure (along an external helical road).

Positions in the drawings (Fig. 1-6) denote:
1 - external walls (lowering well), 2 - internal walls (lowering well), 3 - pillar (column) of the supporting frame, 4 - longitudinal beam (connection between the columns), 5 - transverse beam (crossbar), 6 - floor between the floors of the garage 7 - the carriageway, 8 - the stairwell, 9 - the passenger elevator, 10 - the enclosing structures of the garage, 11 - the partition between the garages, 12 - the garage door, 13 - the sidewalk (pedestrian walkway), 14 - the curb between the carriageway and sidewalk, 15 - security barrier, 16 - congress sites, 17 - engineering communications channel.

 To implement the described device, the outer well 1 and the inner 2 (load-bearing walls of the structure) are erected (see Fig. 1-4) by any known method (for example, a buried or underground structure is erected using an open or mining method, with excavation only between the walls of the wells, since the volume inside the well 2 is not used for the construction of the structure). Then, the installation of the internal supporting frame for interfloor garages and roads is carried out: racks 3 (columns), interconnected by longitudinal beams 4 (ties) and transverse beams 5 (crossbars). The spatial arrangement of structures 3, 4 and 5 is geometrically calculated in such a way as to enable subsequent installation of interfloor ceilings 6 (for garages or parking lots of cars) and carriageways of internal and external roads 7 along two symmetrical helical paths (see Fig. 5-6 ) At the same time, on each tier of a multi-storey garage complex in diametrically opposite maximally distant places where the carriageways of the external and internal roads are joined together, the exit platforms 16 are common for both roads — sections of the carriageway that allow the downhill to change to a rise (or vice versa) without turning the car. For the descent of people on each tier of the structure, two stairwells 8 and two passenger elevators 9 are provided. Then, the enclosing structures of garages 10 and partitions 11 between them are erected. For separate entry into and exit from the garage, gates 12 are installed, for example, vertical or horizontal blinds, 2 pcs each. on each garage to exclude an exit from a garage in reverse.

 To highlight parking lots (without building separate boxes for each car), special strips are applied to the floors or light barriers are installed. In densely populated residential areas, in the central parts of the city, etc., it is advisable to use several of the closest land surfaces of tiers for parking lots, and to build closed garages on more remote tiers.

 The carriageway of each of the roads (see Fig. 2-4), divided, for example, into two lanes for car traffic, is separated from the sidewalk 13 (pedestrian walkway) by curbs 14, and on the opposite side, each road is protected by safety barriers 15, designed to prevent accidental exit of the car from the road and its fall on the adjacent carriageway, for the most part passing at a different level. On each tier in diametrically opposite places of the structure, where the external and internal roads are adjacent to each other, exit platforms 16 (sections of the carriageway combined at the same elevation) are made without dividing borders, designed to ensure that the driver can change his character at any time movement (descent - to rise or vice versa) without turning the car. This is necessary, for example, in the case when you need to return back to the garage at the moment of movement to exit the structure, as well as to be able to perform a minimum complexity maneuver to get into the desired garage if the driver accidentally passed him. To ensure the safety and livelihoods of the multi-tier garage complex, all the necessary special technical engineering systems are being installed, for which channel 17 is provided.

 The proposed invention eliminates the above disadvantages characteristic of the prototype and allows you to make a multifunctional garage complex for any number of vehicles (varying only the size of the wells), using traditional methods of excavation and construction works. The main achievement of the invention is to provide maximum comfort for drivers, provided the ability to maneuver for cars inside the structure, the requirements for ensuring road safety (due to the organization of only one-way traffic of all vehicles in the structure) are met. In addition, the refusal (due to uselessness) of complex handling equipment for moving cars to and from the garage reduces the cost of the structure, simplifies its operation and reduces maintenance costs.

Sources of information
1. RF patent N 2059781 "Prefabricated garage", 1983

 2. RF patent N 2060333 "Automated garage-warehouse".

 3. Application for invention N 94025782/33 "Automated garage complex".

 4. L. Makovsky "Parking lots and garages of the tunnel type", the magazine "Metrostroy", N 6 - 1983 p. 30-31.

 5. "Building norms and rules. Design standards. Engineering surveys for construction. Basic provisions." SNiP 11-9-78, Gosstroy of the USSR, Moscow, Stroyizdat, 1979 - 22 p.

 6. "Building norms and rules. Design norms. Underground mining", SNiP 11-94-80, Gosstroy of the USSR, Moscow, Stroyizdat, 1982 - 30 p.

Claims (1)

 A multi-storey garage complex, consisting of at least two vertical wells located one inside the other, between the walls of which on the floor floors there are separate garages - parking lots and access roads to them, characterized in that two symmetrical ones are laid parallel to the walls - left and right helical roads, one of which runs along garages located at the walls of the outer well, and the other along garages located at the walls of the inner well, while moving along izovano in only one direction, and the junction of the left and right helical roads to each other provides general of the carriageway.

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