RU211326U1 - Simulator-sweep of the cube for group classes on the restoration and preventive training of intellectual activity, spatial perception and spatial memory - Google Patents

Abstract

Utility model Cube-sweep simulator for group classes on restoration and preventive training of intellectual activity, spatial perception and spatial memory refers to medicine in the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in neurorehabilitation departments of neurological and neurosurgical clinics during group classes on restoration and preventive training intellectual activity, spatial perception and spatial memory in neurological patients. The utility model contains a flat plastic base (1) in the form of a cube scan, which consists of six identical squares, in each of which on the front and back surfaces of the base (1) there are identical cells-recesses (2) of a square shape, which are located in each base square (1) in horizontal and vertical rows, with the same number of recessed cells (2) in each row; at the same time, the cell-recesses (2) are made with the possibility of inscribing various images into them with a water marker, and on the end surface of the base (1) an eyelet (3) with a through hole is made. Thus, due to its structural elements, the simulator-scan cube provides for long courses of classes on the restoration and preventive training of intellectual activity, spatial perception and spatial memory with a wide contingent of neurological patients, including patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of hand tremor. The claimed Simulator-sweep of the cube introduces an element of novelty into the process of rehabilitation classes, turning them into an interesting and attractive neuropsychological training for patients. Due to the simplicity of design and ease of use, the cube simulator can be widely used in clinical practice.

Description

This utility model relates to medicine in the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in the neurorehabilitation departments of neurological and neurosurgical clinics during classes for the restoration and preventive training of intellectual activity, spatial perception and spatial memory in neurological patients.

Important for the effectiveness of restorative education is played by the forms of its organization used in the course of classes with neurological patients with disorders of various mental functions.

Methods and forms of organizing restorative education should take into account the social nature of a person and create conditions for maximizing the use of all the capabilities and abilities of a person, using the influence of the social environment and other social factors on a sick person (Tsvetkova L.S. Aphasia and restorative education. M .; Moscow Psychologist -social institution Voronezh: Publishing house NPO "MODEK", 2001).

One of the forms of organization of restorative education, which is based on the use of the social environment and other social factors, is a group form of classes, which helps to increase the efficiency of the restoration of impaired mental functions, expanding and supplementing individual classes with a specialist and independent studies of patients during their stay in a neurological clinic. .

Group classes make it possible, first of all, to realize the activity of communication and influence on the personality of the patient through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competitiveness, etc. (Tsvetkova L.S. Aphasia and restorative education. M.; Moscow Psychological and Social Institute Voronezh: NPO MODEK Publishing House, 2001).

According to group dynamics specialist Marvin Shaw, a small social group is a community consisting of two or more interacting and influencing individuals (Myers D. Social psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 1997).

The use of a group form of classes contributes to an increase in the effectiveness of restorative training when working on the restoration of various mental functions in neurological patients, including intellectual activity, spatial perception and spatial memory.

In domestic psychology, intellectual activity or thinking is considered as a specific, but complex mental activity that has its own structure and functions (L.S. Tsvetkova, Neuropsychological rehabilitation of patients. Speech and intellectual activity, M .: Publishing House of MPSI, Voronezh: Modek, 2004 ).

Spatial perception is a person's ability to perceive the spatial characteristics of the surrounding world: the size and shape of objects, as well as their relative position (Wikipedia. Psychology of space perception, https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology_of_space_perception).

Spatial memory is one of the types of memory aimed at memorizing the spatial arrangement of objects, people, physical stimuli (National Psychological Encyclopedia. Spatial memory, http://vocabulary.ru/termin/prostranstvennaja-pamjat.html).

Intellectual activity, spatial perception and spatial memory are impaired in various neurological diseases of the brain, primarily associated with damage to the tertiary parietal-temporal-occipital regions of the cerebral cortex, which ensure the implementation of the spatial neuropsychological factor.

Therefore, these processes are systemically connected with each other, and it is desirable to work on their restoration jointly.

To restore impaired intellectual activity in neurological patients, simulators and devices are used to ensure the inclusion of the patient in the process of solving various tasks that arise during gaming activities, one of which is the traditional game "Tic-tac-toe".

So, from the existing level of technology, a two-sided square simulator for group exercises to restore fine motor skills and intellectual activity in patients with a neurological clinic is known (Patent RU 194573 U1 dated 12/16/2019), which is a square-shaped plastic base, on both sides of which there are identical square cells-recesses forming a two-sided playing field for the game "Tic-tac-toe".

The disadvantages of this device when used for group exercises for the restoration and preventive training of intellectual activity, spatial perception and spatial memory in neurological patients are

a) this device is not intended for rehabilitation and preventive training of spatial perception;

b) this device is not intended for recovery and preventive training of spatial memory.

Also known from the existing state of the art is a cube game simulator device for group exercises to restore intellectual activity in patients of a neurological clinic (Patent RU 194507 U1 dated 12/12/2019), which is a plastic case of a cubic shape, on each of the faces of which the same number of squares is made. cells-recesses, forming a single playing field for the game "Tic-tac-toe".

The disadvantages of this device when used for group exercises for the restoration and preventive training of intellectual activity, spatial perception and spatial memory in neurological patients are

a) this device is not intended for rehabilitation and preventive training of spatial perception;

b) this device is not intended for recovery and preventive training of spatial memory.

For classes on the restoration of disturbed spatial perception, various printed simulators are used, containing exercises, among which exercises based on performing various actions with images of the cube scans are widespread and effective.

The effectiveness of these exercises is due to the fact that performing exercises with the unfolding of the cube requires those involved in the mental transformation of the flat unfolding of the cube into a volumetric three-dimensional cube, which contributes to the restoration of disturbed spatial perception.

Thus, a printing simulator is known, on the pages of which images of cube scans are presented, the squares of which contain various images (animals, geometric shapes, numbers), and next to the cube scan there are several options for images of cubes (with similar images on the faces), of which the student must choose a cube corresponding to the presented cube scan (Dmitrieva V.G. 1000 exercises for the development of logic, attention, memory. For children from 3 to 6 years old, - Moscow: AST Publishing House, 2017, pp. 77, 91, 158).

The disadvantages of this printed simulator when used for group exercises for the restoration and preventive training of intellectual activity, spatial perception and spatial memory in neurological patients are

a) the tasks of this printed simulator are not intended for use during group classes.

b) these tasks are not intended for the restoration and preventive training of intellectual activity;

c) these tasks are not intended for restoration and preventive training of spatial memory.

Also known from the existing state of the art is a cube-sweep simulator for training in restoring spatial perception and spatial memory in neurological patients (Patent RU 205713 U1 dated July 29, 2021), which is a plastic base shaped as a cube sweep, which consists of six identical squares, in each of which the same square cells-recesses are made.

In the course of classes with this device, a set of working cards is used, containing images of cube scans of different shapes, in the squares of which there are various symbols, geometric shapes, arrows, which the trainee must copy or enter from memory into the cell-recesses of the device.

The disadvantages of this device when used for group exercises for the restoration and preventive training of intellectual activity, spatial perception and spatial memory in neurological patients are

a) this device is not intended for use in group activities;

b) this device is not intended for the restoration and preventive training of intellectual activity;

c) the need to use additional elements in the form of work cards.

In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned simulators and devices, as well as to provide the possibility of conducting group classes for the restoration and preventive training of intellectual activity, spatial perception and spatial memory in neurological patients, a cube simulator-sweep device has been developed for group classes for the restoration and preventive training of intellectual activity, spatial perception and spatial memory (hereinafter referred to as the training cube scan).

The tasks to be solved by the claimed technical solution are

a) ensuring the possibility of conducting classes on the restoration and preventive training of intellectual activity, spatial perception and spatial memory as interrelated mental processes;

b) providing the possibility of conducting rehabilitation classes by methods based on the use of a cube sweep;

c) ensuring the possibility of conducting classes with patients in a group form;

d) maintaining the interest of patients in the process of training through the use of a new device;

e) providing the opportunity to conduct classes for patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of hand tremor due to the fact that the cells of the cube simulator-scan are made in the form of recesses that do not allow the writing instrument to go beyond them;

f) the simplicity of the design of the simulator-reamer of the cube, which contributes to its widespread introduction into clinical practice.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is to provide the possibility of conducting group classes for the restoration and preventive training of intellectual activity, spatial perception and spatial memory in neurological patients, implemented through the structural elements of the claimed cube-sweep simulator, which provide the possibility of conducting long courses of group classes for recovery and preventive training of intellectual activity, spatial perception and spatial memory by methods based on the use of a cube sweep.

This technical result is ensured due to the fact that the simulator-cube sweep contains a flat plastic base, having the shape of a cube sweep, which consists of six identical squares, in each of which identical square-shaped cells-depressions are made on the front and back surfaces of the base, which are located in each square of the base in horizontal and vertical rows, with the same number of recessed cells in each row; at the same time, the cells-recesses are made with the possibility of inscribing various images into them with a water marker, and an eyelet with a through hole is made on the end surface of the base.

In the preferred version of the simulator-sweep cube, the cells-recesses are highlighted in a color that differs from the color of the base.

The essence of the utility model Simulator-scan cube for group classes for the restoration and preventive training of intellectual activity, spatial perception and spatial memory is illustrated by drawings, which shows

In FIG. 1 - general view of the cube simulator;

In FIG. 2 - paper layout of the simulator-scan cube.

The claimed simulator cube scan (see Fig. 1) is a flat plastic base (1), having the shape of a cube scan, which consists of six identical squares, in each of which identical cells are made on the front and back surfaces of the base (1) - recesses (2) of a square shape, designed for inscribing various images (icons in the form of "crosses" and "zeroes", letters, numbers, arrows, etc.) with an easily erasable water marker during classes.

A cube unfold is an image of its shell that allows you to see the cube from all sides. The unfolding of the cube consists of six identical squares, and the total number of possible variants of the unfolding of the cube is eleven types (Internet site "Start in Science". The cube and its unfoldings, found on December 22, 2021 on the Internet at https://science- start.ru/ru/article/view?id=1223).

Thus, the base (1) can take the form of any of the possible options for the unfolding of the cube, which are described in the literature, for example, in the work “On the unfolding of the cube” (Franz Herman. On the unfolding of the cube, found on December 22, 2021 on the Internet at the address http://new-idea.kulichki.net/pubfiles/100523103002.pdf).

The following dimensions of this particular cube simulator are not intended to limit the scope of legal protection, as they may change during its creation.

The side length of each square constituting the base (1) of the cube reamer simulator is 40-80 mm, and the thickness of the base (1) is 4-8 mm.

Made on the front and back surfaces of the base (1) cells-recesses (1) are located in each square of the base (1) in horizontal and vertical rows, with the same number of cells-recesses (2) in each row.

Thus, the number of cells-recesses (2) in each square of the base (1) is the same and can be: 4 (four) pcs. (2x2); 9 (nine) pcs. (3x3); or 16 (sixteen) pcs. (4x4).

At the same time, the total number of cells-depressions (2) on each of the base surfaces (1) of the simulator-scan cube is the same and can be 24 (twenty-four) pieces. (6 squares with 4 recessed cells (2) in each square); 54 (fifty four) pcs. (6 squares with 9 recessed cells (2) in each square); or 96 (ninety six) pcs. (6 squares with 16 recessed cells (2) in each square).

The cells-recesses (2) made on the front and reverse surfaces of the base (1) are separated from each other and from the edges of the base (1) by jumpers 2-6 mm wide. At the same time, the width of the jumpers between adjacent cells-recesses (2) located in each of the squares of the base (1) is the same.

Thus, the cells-recesses (2) located on each of the surfaces of the base (1) of the simulator-scan cube form a playing field intended for playing "Tic-tac-toe" by entering icons in the form of "crosses" and "tac-toes" with a water marker into recessed cells (2).

At the same time, the playing field of the simulator-scan cube can be used in the process of restoring intellectual activity in two different ways:

a) in the form of a playing field, similar in its properties to the playing field located on six faces of the “Playing Cube Simulator ...” discussed above (RU 194507 U1), but differing from it in that the playing field of the claimed cube unfolding simulator is located not on six faces of a three-dimensional cube, but on six squares of a flat unfolded cube, when working with which it is necessary to mentally transform the squares of a flat unfolded cube into a three-dimensional three-dimensional cube;

b) in the form of a double-sided playing field, similar in its properties to the playing field, located on both sides of the above "Two-sided square simulator ..." (RU 194573 U1), when using which the game process is carried out simultaneously on two sides of the playing field.

All cells-recesses (2) of the base (1) have the same depth, which is 1-2 mm.

Thus, the design features of recessed cells (2) ensure the implementation of the following functions:

a) facilitate the process of entering images into them for patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of hand tremor;

b) protect images inscribed in recessed cells (2) on the front surface of the base (1) from erasing when the cube unfolding simulator is turned over during the exercise.

At the same time, the small depth of the cells-recesses (2) does not prevent the removal of the images inscribed in them by means of a sponge intended for erasing water markers.

To ensure the convenience of lifting the cube reamer from the surface of the desktop, on the end surface of the base (1) an eyelet (3) with a through hole can be made, into which a metal ring can be installed.

"Earlet - a device on the side of various objects for their more convenient lifting, holding, hanging, etc." (Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language Efremova. The meaning of the word ear, found on December 22, 2021 on the Internet at https://www.efremova.info/word/ushko.html#.XkdSQxtn3IU).

The thickness of the ear (3) is 2-4 mm less than the thickness of the base (1), the width is 8-14 mm, and the diameter of the through hole is 4-10 mm.

For the convenience of lifting and holding the simulator-reamer of the cube when it is turned over, notches (not shown in the figures) with a depth of 0.5-1 mm can be made on the end surfaces of the base (1), which prevent the simulator-reamer of the cube from slipping out of the hands of the patient.

For a better perception by patients of the boundaries between adjacent squares of the base (1), they are separated from each other by dividing lines (4) applied (for example, by means of dark paint) on the front and back surfaces of the base (1) of the simulator-scan cube.

For the convenience of conducting classes, a mark (5) can be applied (for example, using dark paint) on the front surface of the base (1).

For better perception by patients of cells-recesses (2), they are highlighted in color (for example, by means of paint) that differs from the color of the base (1).

For a better understanding by patients of the spatial structure of the playing field of the cube unfolding simulator, at the initial stage of training, a paper mock-up (6) of the cube unfolding simulator can be used, which is an image of the front side of the cube unfolding simulator cut out of thick paper (or cardboard) (see Fig. . 2), which patients can bend along the dividing lines, giving it the shape of a three-dimensional cube, which allows you to see which rows of recessed cells (2) located in different squares of the base (1) are a continuation of each other.

Working with a useful model simulator-scan cube for group classes on the restoration and preventive training of intellectual activity, spatial perception and spatial memory is carried out as follows.

Before conducting classes to restore the intellectual activity of spatial perception and spatial memory, the specialist forms a group of two neurological patients with approximately the same degree of impairment of these mental processes.

If the classes are aimed at preventive training of the intellectual activity of spatial perception and spatial memory, the specialist forms a group of two neurological patients in whom there are no disturbances in these mental processes or are observed to a slight extent.

When conducting classes for the restoration or preventive training of intellectual activity and spatial perception using the playing field on six squares of the base (1) of the cube simulator, one of the patients writes the image of a “cross” into one of the recessed cells (2) with an easily erased water marker on the front surface of the base (1).

After that, the other patient makes the next move, inscribing the image of the "zero" in another cell-depression (2) on the same surface of the base (1).

With the further inscribing of icons in the cells-recesses (2) located in the squares of the front surface of the base (1), patients need to mentally convert the squares of the simulator-cube scan into a volumetric three-dimensional cube in order to understand which rows of cells-recesses (2) located in different squares bases (1) are continuations of each other.

For a better understanding by patients of the spatial structure of the playing field of the cube unfolding simulator, at the initial stage of training, a paper model (6) of the cube unfolding simulator can be used, which patients can bend along the dividing lines, giving it the shape of a three-dimensional cube.

The game ends with the victory of one of the patients, who, in accordance with the rules of the game "Tic-tac-toe", made a row of a certain number of "crosses" or "tac-toe" in cells-recesses (2) located on the surfaces of one or more squares of the front surface of the base ( 1) a cube-sweep simulator or in a draw, when none of the patients managed to make a row.

After the end of the game, the icons inscribed in the recessed cells (2) are removed with a sponge to erase water markers, after which the cube simulator can be used for a new game.

Thus, in the process of conducting a lesson using a working field located on the front surface of the base (1) of the simulator-scan cube, patients perform the following actions:

a) solve various game tasks that arise during the game "Tic-tac-toe", which contributes to the restoration or preventive training of intellectual activity;

b) carry out in the course of the game the mental transformation of the squares of a flat cube scan into a three-dimensional three-dimensional cube, which contributes to the restoration or preventive training of intellectual activity.

When conducting classes for the restoration or preventive training of intellectual activity using a playing field that includes cells-recesses (2) on both surfaces of the base (1), one of the patients enters the image of a “cross” into one of the cells-recesses with an easily erased water marker (2) on any of the surfaces of the base (1).

After that, the other patient makes the next move, inscribing the image of the "zero" in another cell-depression (2) of any of the surfaces of the base (1).

A feature of this game is that the rows of "crosses" or "toes" inscribed in the cells-recesses (2) on one surface of the base (1) can be continued in the cells-recesses (2) on the other surface of the base (1) of the simulator - cube sweep.

The game ends with the victory of one of the patients, who, in accordance with the rules of the game "Tic-tac-toe", made a row of a certain number of "crosses" or "tac-toes" in cells-recesses (2) located on one or two surfaces of the base (1) of the simulator -sweeping the cube or in a draw, when none of the patients managed to make a row.

After the end of the game, all the icons inscribed in the recessed cells (2) are removed with a sponge to erase water markers, after which the cube simulator can be used for a new game.

Before the start of a lesson on the restoration or preventive training of spatial perception and spatial memory, the specialist appoints one of the patients in the group to “form the task”, and the other patient to “perform the task”.

Further, the patient, “forming the task”, inscribes with a water marker into the cells-recesses (2) on the front surface of the base (1) images in the form of icons, letters, numbers, arrows, etc., the total number and type of which is set by the specialist.

After that, the patient, "performing the task", during the time interval specified by the specialist (from 20 seconds or more) analyzes and remembers the images written out in the recessed cells (2) and their location.

Next, the simulator-scan of the cube is turned face down, after which the patient, "performing the task", tries to reproduce from memory the images he memorized, inscribing them in the corresponding cells-recesses (2) on the reverse surface of the base (1).

In case of difficulties, the patient, "performing the task", can turn over the Simulator-scan of the cube for a short time, thus receiving a hint.

Checking the correctness of the task is carried out by a specialist by comparing the images inscribed in the cells-recesses (2) on the front and back surfaces of the base (1) of the simulator-scan cube.

Further, all the images inscribed in the recessed cells (2) are removed with a sponge to erase water markers, the patient forming the task and the patient performing the task change roles, and the entire sequence of actions is repeated the number of times specified by the specialist.

Along with classes for the restoration and preventive training of intellectual activity, spatial perception and spatial memory, the cube simulator can be effectively used

a) when conducting correctional and developmental classes with children who have impaired formation of intellectual activity, spatial perception and spatial memory;

b) when conducting neuropsychological trainings with elderly people;

c) as an educational game aimed at developing and training intellectual activity, spatial perception and spatial memory in healthy children;

d) as an original gaming device that enables the implementation of the game "Tic-tac-toe" on the playing field, which has the shape of a cube.

Thus, due to its structural elements, the simulator-scan cube provides the possibility of conducting long courses of classes on the restoration and preventive training of intellectual activity, spatial perception and spatial memory with a wide contingent of neurological patients, including patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of hand tremor.

The claimed simulator-scan of the cube introduces an element of novelty into the process of rehabilitation classes, turning them into an interesting and attractive neuropsychological training for patients.

Due to the simplicity of design and ease of use, the cube simulator can be widely used in clinical practice.

Claims (2)

1. Simulator-scan cube for group exercises for the restoration and preventive training of intellectual activity, spatial perception and spatial memory, characterized in that it contains a flat plastic base, having the shape of a cube sweep, which consists of six identical squares, each of which on the front and the reverse surfaces of the base are made of the same cells-recesses of a square shape, which are located in each square of the base in horizontal and vertical rows, with the same number of cells-recesses in each row; at the same time, the cells-recesses are made with the possibility of inscribing various images into them with a water marker, and an eyelet with a through hole is made on the end surface of the base. 2. Simulator-scan cube according to claim 1, characterized in that the cells-recesses are highlighted in a color that differs from the color of the base.

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