RU204053U1 - Simulator-cube for exercises to restore fine motor skills, spatial perception and spatial memory in neurological patients - Google Patents

Abstract

The useful model "Cube simulator for training in the restoration of fine motor skills, spatial perception and spatial memory in neurological patients" refers to medicine in the field of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in neurorehabilitation departments of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting training in the restoration of fine motor skills, spatial perception and spatial memory in neurological patients with organic brain lesions of various etiology. The simulator contains a hollow body (1) made of plastic, having the shape of a cube, in the central part of each face of which there is a square recess (2), around which a rim (3) is located, on the surface of which there are notches (5); the square recesses (2) have the same dimensions and depth, and are made with the possibility of inscribing different images in them by means of a water marker, and in the central part of each rib of the body (1) bevels are made, forming the same platforms (4). On the surface of one of the edges of the body (1) there is a mark (6). Thus, the "Simulator-cube", due to its structural elements, provides the possibility of conducting long courses of training to restore motor functions (fine motor skills) and mental functions (spatial perception and spatial memory) with a wide contingent of neurological patients, including patients with hand tremors. The declared "Simulator-cube" introduces an element of novelty into the process of recovery exercises, turning them into an interesting and attractive neuropsychological training for patients. Due to its simplicity of design and ease of use, the "Simulator-cube" can be widely used in clinical practice. 1 wp f-ly, 6 dwg

Description

This useful model relates to medicine in the field of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in neurorehabilitation departments of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting classes on the restoration of fine motor skills, spatial perception and spatial memory in neurological patients with organic brain lesions of various etiologies.

Fine motor skills is "a set of coordinated human actions aimed at performing precise small movements with the hands and fingers" (Wikipedia. Fine motor skills, found 02/10/2021 on the Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Small_motorics).

For exercises to restore fine motor skills, various devices and simulators are used that ensure the inclusion of hands and fingers with fine motor skills impairment in various movements associated with the implementation of any activity.

So, from the existing level of technology known device "Double-sided simulator-square for group exercises to restore fine motor skills and intellectual activity in patients with neurological clinic" (Patent RU 194573 U1 dated 16.12.2019).

Structurally, this device is a square plate, on both sides of which there are square cells-recesses, forming a single playing field for playing "Tic-tac-toe", which is carried out by inscribing "crosses" and "zeroes" with a water marker into the cells-recesses.

At the same time, in the course of playing activity, patients are forced to make various movements (tilts, turns, etc.) with the hand and fingers of the hand holding the device, allowing them to see both sides of the playing field, which contributes to the restoration of fine motor skills.

The disadvantages of this device when used for exercises to restore fine motor skills, spatial perception and spatial memory in neurological patients are:

a) this device is not intended for exercises to restore spatial perception and spatial memory;

b) This device is intended for use in group activities only.

Along with fine motor impairment, neurological patients with organic brain lesions may also experience impaired spatial perception and spatial memory.

Spatial perception is the ability of a person to perceive the spatial characteristics of the surrounding world: the size and shape of objects, as well as their relative position (Wikipedia. The free encyclopedia. Psychology of space perception, found on 10.02.2021 on the Internet at https: //ru.wikipedia .org / wiki / Psychology_of_space_perception).

Spatial memory is one of the types of human memory aimed at memorizing the spatial arrangement of objects, people, physical stimuli (National Psychological Encyclopedia, Spatial memory, found on February 10, 2021 on the Internet at http://vocabulary.ru/termin/ prostranstvennaja-pamjat.html).

Various exercises are used to restore impaired spatial perception and spatial memory, one of which is an exercise based on the use of a cube and its flat reamers.

So, from the existing level of technology known device "Trainer-cube for exercises to restore spatial memory in patients with neurological clinic" (Patent RU 187361 U1 from 01.03.2019).

Structurally, this device is a cube-shaped body fixed to a handle, on each of the faces of which a square recess is made, designed to inscribe various images with an easily erased water marker.

In the course of training with this device, working cards are used containing images of a scan of a cube, consisting of six squares, in which various images are located, which the patient must reproduce from memory in the corresponding recesses on the edges of the device.

The disadvantages of this device when used for exercises to restore fine motor skills, spatial perception and spatial memory in neurological patients are:

a) this device is not intended for exercises to restore fine motor skills;

b) this device is originally intended only for the restoration of spatial memory and is not intended for the restoration of spatial perception;

c) the need to constantly hold the device by the handle during the lesson;

d) the presence of a handle increases the dimensions of the device, limiting the possibilities of its use in various conditions, for example, on walks for patients.

In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above devices and simulators, as well as to provide the possibility of conducting exercises to restore fine motor skills, spatial perception and spatial memory, a "Cube simulator for training in restoring fine motor skills, spatial perception and spatial memory in neurological patients" was developed (hereinafter referred to as "Simulator-cube").

The tasks to be solved by the claimed technical solution are:

a) ensuring the possibility of conducting classes for the simultaneous recovery of: motor functions - fine motor skills, and mental functions - spatial perception and memory;

b) ensuring the convenience of holding the "Trainer-cube" due to the presence of structural elements that prevent it from slipping out of the hands of patients with fine motor skills;

c) ensuring the possibility of conducting exercises with the "Trainer-cube" for patients with hand tremors;

d) ensuring the convenience of inserting images into the cells of the "Trainer-cube" due to the fact that they are made in the form of recesses that do not allow the water marker rod to go beyond their limits;

e) ensuring the possibility of using the "Trainer-cube" in various conditions due to its compactness, achieved by the absence of structural elements that increase the size;

f) the simplicity of the design of the "Simulator-cube", contributing to its widespread implementation in clinical practice.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is to provide the possibility of conducting exercises to restore motor functions - fine motor skills, and mental functions - spatial perception and spatial memory, provided by the structural elements of the claimed "Trainer-cube", allowing to conduct long courses of training to restore fine motor skills, spatial perception and spatial memory in various conditions with a wide contingent of neurological patients, including patients with hand tremors.

This technical result is provided due to the fact that the "Trainer-cube" contains a hollow body made of plastic, having the shape of a cube, in the central part of each face of which a square recess is made, around which a rim is located, on the surface of which notches are made; in this case, the square depressions have the same dimensions and depth, and are made with the possibility of inscribing different images in them by means of a water marker, and in the central part of each rib of the body there are bevels that form the same platforms.

In the preferred embodiment of the "Trainer-cube", notches are made on the surfaces of the platforms.

In a preferred embodiment of the "Trainer-cube", a mark is applied to the surface of one of the edges of the body.

In the preferred embodiment of the "Trainer-cube", the recessed cells are highlighted in a color that differs from the color of the body.

The essence of the utility model "Cube simulator for exercises to restore fine motor skills, spatial perception and spatial memory in neurological patients" is illustrated by drawings, which show:

FIG. 1 - view of the "Trainer-cube" from the side of one of the faces;

FIG. 2 - section A-A;

FIG. 3 - 6 - examples of work cards for training with the "Trainer-cube".

The declared "Trainer-cube" (see Fig. 1, 2). is a hollow body (1) made of plastic, having the shape of a cube, in the central part of each face of which a square recess (2) is made, around which a rim (3) is located, intended for holding the "Trainer-cube" with the fingers, and square recesses (2) are intended for inscribing images of various symbols (letters, numbers), geometric shapes, arrows, etc. into them by means of an easily erased water marker during the course of the exercises.

The dimensions of this particular "Trainer-cube" indicated below are not indications that narrow the scope of legal protection, since they may change in the process of its creation.

The length of the rib of the body (1) of the "Cube simulator" is 50-90 mm, and the thickness of the walls of the body (1) can be from 2 to 8 mm.

The dimensions of the square recesses (2) on each face of the body (1) are the same.

The width of the rim (3) is the same, it can be from 8 to 15 mm, which makes it possible to comfortably hold the "Exercise machine-cube" with your fingers by the rims (3) located on opposite sides of the body (1).

Thus, the rims (3) provide the following functions:

a) serve as the boundaries of square depressions (2), making the process of inscribing images into them convenient, as well as accessible for patients with hand tremors;

b) protect from erasure the image inscribed in a square recess (2) located on the edge of the body (1) in contact with the surface of the desktop;

c) provide the ability to hold the "Trainer-cube" in the process of training.

The depth of the square depressions (2) is the same and amounts to 1-2 mm, which does not prevent the removal of the images inscribed in them by means of a sponge intended for erasing water markers.

For the convenience of holding the "Trainer-cube" in the process of training, in the central part of each rib of the body (1) bevels are made, forming platforms (4) of the same size, intended for holding the body (1) with the fingers.

The length of each platform (4) is 20-30 mm, and the distance from the edge of the body rib (1) to the platform (4) is 2-6 mm.

Thus, the platforms (4) provide the convenience of holding the "Trainer-cube", which is carried out by the patients not by its ribs, but by the platforms (4), which fix the fingers of the patient's hand and prevent the body (1) from slipping out of the hands.

Thus, holding the "Trainer-cube" during the sessions can be carried out in two ways, which provide the convenience of carrying out recovery sessions for patients with fine motor skills:

a) for the rims (3) located on opposite edges of the body (1);

b) behind the platforms (4) located in the central part of the opposite edges of the body (1).

At the same time, holding the "Trainer-cube" by the patients by the rims (3) and platforms (4) prevents accidental erasure of the images inscribed in the square recesses (2).

To ensure a more reliable holding of the "Trainer-cube" by the rims (3), notches (5), 0.25-1 mm deep, are made on the surfaces of the rims (3), preventing the "Trainer-cube" from slipping out of the patient's hands.

Notches can also be made on the surfaces of the platforms (4) (not shown in the figures).

On the surface of one of the edges of the body (1) there is a mark (6), which provides the spatial orientation of the "Trainer-cube" in the process of recovery exercises.

For a better perception by patients of the square depressions (2), they are highlighted with a color (for example, by means of paint), which differs from the color of the body (1) of the "Trainer-cube".

To conduct exercises with the "Trainer-cube", a methodological manual is used, which includes working cards (7) with images of sweeps (8) of a cube in the form of six squares, in which images of various symbols (letters, numbers) are located (see Fig. 3 , 4), geometric shapes (see Fig. 5), multidirectional arrows (see Fig. 6), etc.

In this case, on one of the squares of the sweep (8) of the cube there is an image of the mark, similar to the mark (6) on one of the faces of the body (1) of the "Trainer-cube".

The degree of difficulty of each work card (7) depends on:

a) the total number of images located in the squares of the sweep (8) of the cube, for example, if the squares of the sweep (8) contain one symbol (letter, number) each (see Fig. 3), then it is simpler than the sweep (8) containing two-digit numbers (see Fig. 4);

b) features of the images, for example, if the squares of the scan (8) of the cube contain images of geometric figures (see Fig. 5), then it is simpler than the scan (8), which contains images of oppositely directed arrows (see Fig. 6 ).

To ensure a variety of tasks, the images of the sweeps (8) of the cube are presented on working cards (7) in various versions (Sweeps of the cube, found on 02/10/2021 on the Internet at http://uslide.ru/images/12/18852/ 960 / img15.jpg).

Work with the "Cube simulator for exercises to restore fine motor skills, spatial perception and spatial memory in neurological patients" is carried out as follows:

Before starting a lesson on the restoration of fine motor skills and spatial perception, the specialist chooses a work card (7), the degree of complexity of which corresponds to the degree of impairment of the patient's spatial perception.

After that, the patient takes the "Exercise cube" with the fingers of his hand with fine motor skills (fine motor skills restoration) by the rims (3) or platforms (4), and looking at the work card (7) copies the images contained in the squares of the scan (8) cube by inscribing them with a water marker into the square recesses (2) of the body (1) of the "Trainer-cube" (restoration of spatial perception).

At the same time, in the course of inscribing images into square depressions (2) located on different edges of the body (1), the patient must perform various movements (tilts, turns, etc.) with the hand holding the "Trainer-cube" (restoration of fine motor skills) ...

If necessary, the patient can place the "Trainer-cube" on any surface, and then take it in a different way.

After completing the task, the specialist checks the correctness of its implementation, after which all images inscribed by the patient in the square recesses (2) of the "Trainer-cube" are removed with a sponge to erase water markers.

Further, the above-described sequence of actions is repeated with another work card (7).

Classes for the restoration of fine motor skills and spatial perception using the "Trainer-cube" can be carried out without the use of work cards (7).

In this case, the specialist draws a scan of the cube in the patient's workbook, in the squares of which he writes images of various symbols (letters, numbers), geometric shapes or multidirectional arrows, after which the patient copies the image data by inscribing them into the corresponding square recesses (2) Cuba".

Before starting a lesson on the restoration of fine motor skills and spatial memory, the specialist selects a working card (7), the degree of complexity of which corresponds to the degree of impairment of the patient's spatial memory.

Further, the patient, during a time interval specified by a specialist (from 20 seconds or more), memorizes (restoration of spatial memory) the location of images in the scan squares (8) of the cube, and then closes the working card (7) used with a blank sheet of paper.

After that, the patient takes the "Simulator-cube" with the fingers of his hand with fine motor skills disorder (restoration of fine motor skills) by the rims (3) or platforms (4), and writes with a water marker the images he memorized from memory (restoration of spatial memory) into the corresponding square grooves (2) buildings (1) "Trainer-cube".

At the same time, to fit images into square depressions (2) located on different sides of the body (1), the patient must perform various movements (tilts, turns, etc.) with the hand holding the "Trainer-cube" (restoration of fine motor skills).

If necessary, the patient can place the "Trainer-cube" on any surface, and then take it in a different way.

If the patient has difficulties in entering images, the specialist can re-present to the patient a used work card for a short time (7).

After completing the task, the specialist checks the correctness of its implementation, after which all images inscribed by the patient in the square recesses (2) of the "Trainer-cube" are removed with a sponge to erase water markers.

Further, the above-described sequence of actions is repeated with another work card (7).

Lessons for the restoration of fine motor skills and spatial memory using the "Trainer-cube" can be carried out without the use of work cards (7).

In this case, the specialist draws a scan of the cube in the patient's workbook, in the squares of which he writes images of various symbols (letters, numbers, geometric figures or multidirectional arrows, after which the patient remembers their location within the time interval specified by the specialist and enters them from memory into the corresponding square indentations (2) "Cube simulator".

An important feature of the declared "Trainer-cube" is that, due to its compactness, it provides the possibility of carrying out recovery exercises not only at the work table, but in various other conditions, for example, when walking patients.

Along with the use of the "Trainer-cube" for exercises to restore fine motor skills, spatial perception and spatial memory in neurological patients, it can be widely used in the following cases:

a) when conducting correctional and developmental classes with children who have disorders in the formation of fine motor skills, spatial perception and spatial memory;

b) when conducting neuropsychological trainings with elderly people;

c) as a trainer for the development and training of spatial perception and spatial memory in healthy children.

Thus, the "Simulator-cube", due to its structural elements, provides the opportunity to conduct long-term courses of training to restore motor functions (fine motor skills) and mental functions (spatial perception and spatial memory) with a wide contingent of neurological patients, including patients with hand tremors.

The declared "Simulator-cube" introduces an element of novelty into the process of recovery exercises, turning them into an interesting and attractive neuropsychological training for patients.

Due to its simplicity of design and ease of use, the "Simulator-cube" can be widely used in clinical practice.

Claims (2)

1. Simulator-cube for exercises to restore fine motor skills, spatial perception and spatial memory in neurological patients, characterized by the fact that it contains a hollow cube-shaped body made of plastic, in the central part of each face of which a square depression is made, around which a rim is located , on the surface of which notches are made; moreover, the square depressions have the same dimensions and depth and are made with the possibility of inscribing different images in them by means of a water marker, and in the central part of each rib of the body there are bevels that form the same platforms; in this case, a mark is applied to the surface of one of the edges of the body. 2. Exercise cube according to claim 1, characterized in that the recessed cells are highlighted in a color that differs from the color of the body.

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