RU2070370C1 - Grain crop sowing method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: ridges are made on untilled soil. Seeds are placed on ridge tops and a thin mulching layer of soil is applied on the seeds. The ridge profile depth is equal to the spacing between tops of two neighboring ridges. EFFECT: simpler method; improved growing conditions. 1 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods of sowing grain crops.

 There is a known method of sowing grain crops, described in (1) USSR copyright certificate 1764544, class. A 01 C 7/00, c. 12/22/89, op. 09/30/92 and including pre-sowing treatment of the surface soil layer, the formation of a furrow for seeds by shifting the soil layer into the inter-tape space, compaction of the bed, sowing of seeds and their incorporation by reverse transfer of soil displaced into the inter-tape space.

 The disadvantage of this method is the irrational use of energy reserves of seeds with deep seeding, which significantly reduces the yield of grain crops.

 Closest to the proposed method is the method (2) described in the copyright certificate of the USSR N 1802986, class. A 01 C 7/00 and including continuous loosening of the soil to a depth finer than the depth of seed placement, the formation of sowing furrows, the laying of seeds on the bottom of the furrow, seed placement, as well as the formation of additional furrows in the aisles.

 The main disadvantage of this method is the difficulty in accessing the seeds of air, heat and moisture both from the soil and from the atmosphere, leading to a decrease in yield, especially in dry years.

 The task of creating the proposed method is to increase the yield of grain crops by creating optimal conditions favorable for seed germination and plant growth and at the same time unfavorable for weed growth.

 The technical result, which consists in increasing the yield, is achieved by the fact that in the method of sowing seeds, including the formation of a comb profile on untouched soil, the seeds are laid on the tops of the ridges of the profile and sprinkled with a thin mulching layer of soil, and the depth of the comb profile is equal to the distance between the vertices of the adjacent ridges of the profile .

 Thus, the proposed combination of features provides, in contrast to the prototype, an increase in the yield of grain crops by creating optimal conditions, namely, favorable for seed germination and plant growth and at the same time unfavorable for weed growth due to the emerging ability to receive moisture through the seeds of the natural capillary system of compacted intact soil, located directly under the seeds in the zone of their germination or through a thin mulching layer from the atmosphere and vice versa due to destruction the capillary system of a loose layer of soil located between the lateral surfaces of the ridges of the profile, which prevents the germination of weeds in the aisles, since the loosened layer dries to a great depth and at the same time is an additional source of heat and fresh air for cultivated seeds and plants, in particular seeds and cereal plants crops, as well as due to the optimal depth of the comb profile. Consequently, the exit of soil moisture to the day surface through the capillary system is localized by seed zones, at night these same zones covered with a thin mulching layer of soil (or organic matter) are favorable for dew, and during the day the seeds are actively warmed up by the sun and warm air from loose neighboring layers, as a result of which the seeds give more friendly seedlings, and at the same time the seed yield increases.

 Performing the depth of the comb profile more than the distance between the peaks of adjacent profile ridges is not technologically advanced, since the propagation angle of soil deformation from the action of the working body will destroy the top of the ridges of the untouched soil and disrupt their natural capillary system, which will lead to a decrease in the amount of moisture received by the seeds necessary for sprouting and growth of plants and will negatively affect yield.

 Performing the depth of the comb profile less than the distance between the vertices of the adjacent profile ridges worsens the conditions of plant germination and development in a row, since the probability of penetration of warm and fresh air to their roots decreases, dense soil along the entire lower horizon impedes the development of the root system, and weeds in the aisles receive moisture according to the undestructed capillary system and can successfully develop, which also negatively affects the productivity of the cultivated crop.

 From the foregoing, we can conclude that the proposed set of essential features of the invention is not obvious from the achieved technical level and, therefore, the proposed technical solution meets the criterion of "Inventive step".

 When conducting a search for the novelty of the claimed object, the methods of sowing seeds of grain crops according to the claimed formula from the prior art were not found, from which we can conclude that the proposed technical solution is new.

 An analysis of the interaction of the features of the proposed method when used in a production environment allows us to conclude that it is industrially applicable.

 The proposed method is as follows. A comb profile is formed on untouched soil, the hollows of which contain loosened soil, the seeds are laid on the tops of the crests of the profile and sprinkled with a thin mulching soil layer, and the depth of the crest profile is equal to the distance between the peaks of the adjacent crests of the profile.

 The proposed method is illustrated by an example of a specific application for crops and pattern.

 Using a grain or grain-fertilizer seeder (for example, C3-3.6), retrofitted with passive or milling cultivators, a comb profile 1 with a depth of 15 cm equal to the distance between the vertices of 2 adjacent profile ridges is formed on untouched soil with a natural capillary system, which it is also 15 cm, then seeds 3 are laid on the tops of 2 ridges of profile 1 using anchor keel-shaped openers. Then, with adjustable passive coulters of the openers, the sown seeds are sprinkled with a thin mulching layer of soil 4 , the thickness of which does not exceed 1 cm. The mulching layer 4 can be formed by organic fertilizers. During the formation of comb profile 1 in the aisles, a loosened layer 5 is formed, which contributes to the spread of soil moisture through the capillaries to the peaks 2 of comb profile 1 (in Fig. The moisture movement is shown by arrows).

 Field experiments on barley confirm the advantages of the proposed method of sowing (table. 1 and 2).

 Table 1 shows that field germination and yield are greatest, and weed infestation is the smallest when the profile depth is equal to the row spacing or the distance between the peaks of adjacent profile ridges.

 From table 2 it can be seen that field germination and yield by the proposed method is much greater than by the prototype method, and weed infestation is significantly less by the proposed method than by the prototype method.

Claims (1)

 A method of sowing seeds of grain crops, including the formation of a comb profile of the soil, seed placement and seeding, characterized in that the comb profile is formed on untouched soil, the seeds are laid on top of the crests of the profile and sprinkled with a thin mulching soil layer, the depth of the comb profile being equal to the distance between peaks of adjacent profile ridges.