RU2012190C1 - Method for production of persian walnut seedlings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: pomiculture. SUBSTANCE: after winter grafting, plants are planted outdoors in trenches. The trenches are 1.5-2.0 m in depth and 4.0-5.0 m in width. The rate of planting is 25-20 cm. The seedlings are grown for 1-2 years. EFFECT: simpler and more efficient method.

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to fruit growing.

 Known methods for growing grafted seedlings of walnut (1,2,3). The closest of them, adopted by the authors as a prototype, includes winter table vaccination of plants indoors, planting vaccinations in open ground and growing them (4).

 The disadvantage of this method is the low survival rate of seedlings in an arid climate. Thus, the yield of seedlings in Moldova is 50-70% of the number of planted vaccinations (5), and when using this method in an arid climate, in particular in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, the yield of seedlings is only 25-31% of the number of planted vaccinations. The death of vaccinations occurs after they land from the premises in the open ground under the influence of drying winds, high temperatures and a decrease in air humidity.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the method by increasing the safety of vaccinations and the survival rate of seedlings after planting them in the ground.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that grafted plants are planted in trenches with a depth of 1.5-2 m and a width of 4-5 m with a planting density of 25x20 cm and they are grown in the microclimate of the trench for at least one growing season (1-2 years).

 The method includes the following steps: - perform vaccination of plants; - grafted plants are planted in pre-prepared open trenches 1.5-2 m deep and 4-5 m wide with a planting density of 25x20 cm; - grafted seedlings are grown in the microclimate of the trench for at least one growing season (1-2 years).

 In experiments on testing various types of trenches conducted over several years in Tajikistan, the best results on the safety of grafted seedlings were obtained in trenches with a width of 4-5 m and a depth of 1.5-2 m.

 Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the proposed method differs from the known one in that grafted plants are planted in trenches 1.5-2 m deep, 4-5 m wide with a planting density of 25x20 cm and grown in trenches for 1-2 years . Thus, the claimed solution meets the criteria of the invention of "novelty." The claimed technical solution as a new set of features (1) planting of grafted plants in open trenches according to the scheme 25x20 cm; 2) the dimensions of the trench: depth 1.5-2 m, width 4-5 m; 3) the cultivation of grafted seedlings in a trench for 1-2 years) can be recognized as relevant to the criterion of "significant differences", because these distinctive features provide a positive effect, achieved by using the proposed solution, increasing the efficiency of the method due to a significant increase the survival rate of seedlings and the safety of vaccinations.

 PRI me R. To verify the proposed method, the experiments are carried out in the conditions of Tajikistan in 1988-1990. Winter desktop vaccination of walnut variety Durmensky 1 and local forms (form 34, 35) is carried out by the method of improved English copying from mid-November to February.

 Vaccinations are stored until they are planted in the soil in a known manner. For planting grafted plants and growing seedlings, trenches are formed with a depth of 1.5-2 m, a width of 4-5 m and a length of 30 m.

In such trenches, the necessary conditions are created for growing seedlings, a certain microclimate: the absence of strong drying winds, the optimal level of solar radiation and air humidity achieved by irrigation is (60-70%). In the spring, 10-15 days before the planting of grafted seedlings in the trench and for the period of the possible return of late frosts, the trench is covered with plastic wrap in order to warm the soil and protect it from frost. The soil for planting is prepared in the fall: 25-30 kg of humus and 40 g of the active substance of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers are applied per 1 m ² , which are thoroughly mixed with the soil. The depth of the soil pan is 30 cm.

 In the second decade of March, grafted seedlings are planted in trenches prepared in this way according to the 25x20 cm pattern (distance between rows is 25 cm, between grafts in a row is 20 cm). Planting is carried out in such a way that the vaccination site is at the level of the soil surface. After planting, they carry out hilling and plentiful watering. During the summer, 10-12 irrigations are carried out. Caring for seedlings is common. Trenches grown under microclimate conditions up to 1.5 years of age seedlings are transplanted into the nursery. For comparison, tests of the known method are carried out in parallel with the proposed method.

 The obtained experimental data are summarized in the table.

 As can be seen from the table, the survival rate of seedlings obtained by the proposed method increased by more than 3 times compared with the known method, i.e., when growing grafted plants, their yield reaches 91-97% of the number of planted plants, while cultivation in open ground - outside the trench - the yield was 25-31%.

 The dimensions of the trench (depth 1.5–2 m, width 4–5 m) and the scheme for planting walnut grafts (25x20 cm) were experimentally established, upon observing which a special microclimate is formed in the trench, which favors the efficient cultivation of walnut seedlings in an arid climate Central Asia. Compliance with the conditions for growing seedlings by the proposed method can improve the safety of vaccinations and increase the survival rate of seedlings.

 Studies show that when growing grafted plants in trenches less than 1.5 m deep, the percentage of vaccine survival is sharply reduced, because the growing conditions are the same as in a regular nursery, and there is an effect of a complex of negative natural factors ( drying winds, high air temperatures and insufficient humidity). Vaccinations are grown in trenches more than 2 m deep, while the plants grew weakened, frail due to insufficient solar radiation. The proposed trench width of 4-5 m also has a decisive effect on achieving a positive effect.

 So, with a trench width of more than 5 m, its microclimate worsens, because in this case there is an increase in evaporation and an increase in the negative effect of wind on seedlings. In addition, there is a need for an additional - second - track for caring for plants, which consists in removing weeds and loosening the soil. The large width of the trench requires additional efforts to install vertical supports to hold the plastic film that covers the trench. When the width of the trench is less than 4 m, the plants do not receive the necessary lighting due to shading inside the trench.

 The most convenient is the length of the trench of 30 m, however, it can be of other sizes (more or less than 30 m).

 The experimentally revealed planting pattern of 25x20 cm is optimal, because when the stand is denser due to the deterioration of the light regime, the seedlings are weakened, poor-quality, and with a lesser planting density, the economic efficiency of the method is reduced due to the irrational use of the trench area.

 The advantages of the proposed method are to increase the safety of vaccinations and increase the survival rate of walnut seedlings.

 These advantages provide an increase in the efficiency of the method for producing walnut seedlings in an arid climate. This makes it possible to increase the volume of industrial cultivation of high-quality planting material for walnut culture.

Claims (1)

 METHOD FOR PRODUCING GREECE NUTS SEEDLINGS, including grafting plants, planting and growing them, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency of the method by increasing the safety of vaccinations and the survival rate of seedlings, grafted plants are planted in trenches with a depth of 1.5 - 2.0 m, width 4 - 5 m, with a planting density of 25 · 20 cm and they are grown for 1 - 2 years.

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