RU2009100931A - Способ получения базового масла - Google Patents

Способ получения базового масла Download PDF

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RU2009100931A
RU2009100931A RU2009100931/04A RU2009100931A RU2009100931A RU 2009100931 A RU2009100931 A RU 2009100931A RU 2009100931/04 A RU2009100931/04 A RU 2009100931/04A RU 2009100931 A RU2009100931 A RU 2009100931A RU 2009100931 A RU2009100931 A RU 2009100931A
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stage
base oil
catalysts
hydrogenated
fatty alcohols
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RU2009100931/04A
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RU2427564C2 (ru
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Эйя КОЙВУСАЛМИ (FI)
Эйя КОЙВУСАЛМИ
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Несте Ойл Ойй (Fi)
Несте Ойл Ойй
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Abstract

1. Способ получения разветвленных насыщенных углеводородов, отличающийся тем, что на первой стадии сырье, содержащее, по меньшей мере, одну жирную кислоту, этерифицируют, по меньшей мере, одним жирным спиртом с получением сложных эфиров, на второй стадии полученные сложные эфиры гидрируют до жирных спиртов, на третьей стадии полученные жирные спирты дегидратируют до альфа-олефинов, на четвертой стадии альфа-олефины олигомеризуют в олигомеры, а на пятой стадии олигомеры гидрируют. ! 2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что общее количество атомов углерода в жирной кислоте составляет от 8 до 26, предпочтительно, от 12 до 20. ! 3. Способ по пп.1 и 2, отличающийся тем, что сырье производят из биологического сырья. ! 4. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что на первой стадии, по меньшей мере, одну жирную кислоту этерифицируют под давлением 0-0,1 МПа и при температуре 120-320°С вместе с 1-2-кратным молярным избытком жирного спирта, общее количества атомов углерода в котором составляет от 8 до 26, предпочтительно, от 12 до 20. ! 5. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что на второй стадии сложный эфир или сложные эфиры гидрируют до жирного спирта или жирных спиртов в присутствии водорода при температуре 100-350°С и под давлением 10-40 МПа в присутствии катализатора гидрирования, выбранного из медных катализаторов и медь-хромитных катализаторов. ! 6. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что часть жирных спиртов, полученных на второй стадии, возвращают в цикл на первую стадию. ! 7. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что на третьей стадии жирные спирты, полученные на второй стадии, дегидратируют до альфа-олефинов в присутствии катализатора, выбранного из катализаторов на осн

Claims (16)

1. Способ получения разветвленных насыщенных углеводородов, отличающийся тем, что на первой стадии сырье, содержащее, по меньшей мере, одну жирную кислоту, этерифицируют, по меньшей мере, одним жирным спиртом с получением сложных эфиров, на второй стадии полученные сложные эфиры гидрируют до жирных спиртов, на третьей стадии полученные жирные спирты дегидратируют до альфа-олефинов, на четвертой стадии альфа-олефины олигомеризуют в олигомеры, а на пятой стадии олигомеры гидрируют.
2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что общее количество атомов углерода в жирной кислоте составляет от 8 до 26, предпочтительно, от 12 до 20.
3. Способ по пп.1 и 2, отличающийся тем, что сырье производят из биологического сырья.
4. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что на первой стадии, по меньшей мере, одну жирную кислоту этерифицируют под давлением 0-0,1 МПа и при температуре 120-320°С вместе с 1-2-кратным молярным избытком жирного спирта, общее количества атомов углерода в котором составляет от 8 до 26, предпочтительно, от 12 до 20.
5. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что на второй стадии сложный эфир или сложные эфиры гидрируют до жирного спирта или жирных спиртов в присутствии водорода при температуре 100-350°С и под давлением 10-40 МПа в присутствии катализатора гидрирования, выбранного из медных катализаторов и медь-хромитных катализаторов.
6. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что часть жирных спиртов, полученных на второй стадии, возвращают в цикл на первую стадию.
7. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что на третьей стадии жирные спирты, полученные на второй стадии, дегидратируют до альфа-олефинов в присутствии катализатора, выбранного из катализаторов на основе активированной окиси алюминия, катализаторов на основе гамма-окиси алюминия, катализаторов на основе тета-окиси алюминия и катализаторов, содержащих оксид циркония на окиси алюминия, под давлением 0-10 МПа и при температуре 250-400°С.
8. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что на четвертой стадии альфа-олефины олигомеризуют при температуре 25-300°С и под давлением от приблизительно 0,01 до приблизительно 10 МПа в присутствии катализатора олигомеризации, включающего гетерогенный или гомогенный катализатор.
9. Способ по п.8, отличающийся тем, что катализатор олигомеризации представляет собой кислый микропористый или мезопористый катализатор.
10. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что на пятой стадии олигомеры гидрируют в присутствии катализатора гидрирования, выбранного из катализаторов на основе палладия на угле, катализаторов на основе никеля на кизельгуре и катализаторов гидрофинишинга при температуре 25-400°С и под давлением водорода 0,01-10 МПа.
11. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что производят базовое масло или компонент базового масла.
12. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что производят полиальфа-олефины.
13. Полиолефиновое базовое масло или компонент базового масла с количеством атомов углерода в интервале от 26 до 52 и химической структурой R'-CH(Ra)-CH(Rb)-R'', в которой каждый R', R'', Ra и Rb представляет собой линейную или разветвленную алкильную группу, содержащую от приблизительно 1 до приблизительно 28 атомов углерода, и полиолефиновое базовое масло или компонент базового масла, полученный способом, в котором на первой стадии сырье, содержащее, по меньшей мере, одну жирную кислоту, этерифицируют, по меньшей мере, одним жирным спиртом с получением сложных эфиров, на второй стадии полученные сложные эфиры гидрируют до жирных спиртов, на третьей стадии полученные жирные спирты дегидратируют до альфа-олефинов, на четвертой стадии альфа-олефины олигомеризуют в олигомеры, а на пятой стадии олигомеры гидрируют.
14. Полиолефиновое базовое масло или компонент базового масла по п.13, отличающееся тем, что каждый R', R'', Ra и Rb представляет собой линейную или разветвленную алкильную группу, содержащую от около 1 до около 16 атомов углерода.
15. Полиолефиновое базовое масло или компонент базового масла по п.13 или 14, отличающееся тем, что температура его застывания ниже -15°С, а индекс вязкости больше 120.
16. Полиолефиновое базовое масло, или компонент базового масла с количеством атомов углерода в интервале от 26 до 52, которое можно получить способом по п.1.
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