JP5325777B2 - 基油を製造するプロセス - Google Patents
基油を製造するプロセス Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5325777B2 JP5325777B2 JP2009514829A JP2009514829A JP5325777B2 JP 5325777 B2 JP5325777 B2 JP 5325777B2 JP 2009514829 A JP2009514829 A JP 2009514829A JP 2009514829 A JP2009514829 A JP 2009514829A JP 5325777 B2 JP5325777 B2 JP 5325777B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- olefin
- aliphatic alcohol
- olefins
- mpa
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ATYZRBBOXUWECY-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Zr] ATYZRBBOXUWECY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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Description
脂肪酸とは、生物由来原料から得られたカルボン酸を意味するものとする。前記脂肪酸の炭素数は、C1より大きく、少なくともC4であることが好ましい。
基油または基油構成成分として適当な、飽和しておりかつ分岐を有する炭化水素が、ヘテロ原子を含む再生可能資源由来の供給材料から、供給材料化合物のオレフィンの化合物への構造の改質によって、次いでオリゴマー化によって得ることができることが見いだされた。
供給材料は、少なくとも1つの脂肪酸または脂肪酸の混合物を含む。供給材料は、好ましくは植物、野菜、動物、および魚類の油および油脂等の生物原料由来のものとし、これらはそれの循環使用された食用油および油脂およびこれらの組み合わせに由来するものであってもよいとする。この生物由来の原料は、供給材料として有用な脂肪酸を得るために、高圧油脂分解を介する加水分解、蒸留および分別等の当該技術において周知のいかなる前処理または浄化方法を使用して処理されていてもよい。
本発明によるプロセスは5工程を含む。本プロセスの第1工程において、少なくとも1つの脂肪酸を含む供給材料をワックスエステルを生成する後続の反応器システム中で水素添加工程から得られ、かつ8〜26まで、好ましくは12〜20の合計炭素数を有している1〜2モル過剰のリサイクル脂肪族アルコールと共に加熱してエステル化する。このエステル化は、0〜0.1MPaの圧力の下で、触媒なしで、120〜320℃、好ましくは150〜250℃の温度で行う。エステル化反応において解放された水は、窒素等の不活性ガスのスプレーにより浮上する。
本発明によるプロセスでは、以下の生成物が得られる。すなわち水素化した2量体であり、その化学構造は次のとおりである。
ここで、R’、R”、Ra、および、Rbは、それぞれ約1〜約28の炭素原子、通常は1〜約16の炭素原子を有しているアルキル基である。アルキル基は線状であってもよく、分岐を有してもよい。この生成物の合計炭素数は、16〜52の範囲にあることが好ましく、26〜50の範囲にあることが特に好ましい。
従来のカルボカチオン機構を使用して、カチオン性オリゴマー化によって製造する場合、同構造において、R’およびR”は、約7〜約27の炭素原子を有するアルキル基である(米国特許第4282392号明細書);
または、
B)R’−CH(Ra)−(CH2)z−CH(Rb)−R”
結晶性酸性触媒によって製造する場合、同構造において、R’、R”、Ra、および、Rbは、それぞれ約1〜約28の炭素原子、通常は1〜約16の炭素原子を有するアルキル基であり、zは約1〜約10までの整数である(米国特許第6703356号明細書等)。
2 C(n).H(2n) モノシクロパラフィン類
3 C(n).H(2n−2) ジシクロパラフィン類
4 C(n).H(2n−4) トリシクロパラフィン類
5 C(n).H(2n−6) テトラシクロパラフィン類
6 C(n).H(2n−8) ペンタシクロパラフィン類
本発明によるプロセスはいくつかの利点を有する。本プロセスにより、基油に適切な分岐を有する飽和炭化水素生成物を再生可能資源から得ることができ、このことは14Cアイソトープ含有量から確認することができる。生物由来の材料から得られるこのような基油は、地球温暖化の影響の低減、エミッションの削減、農業に対する有利な影響の点において著しい環境上の利点を有している。
脂肪酸からのアルファ−オレフィンの製造
蒸留して得たC16脂肪酸供給材料からアルファオレフィンを製造した。1.5モル過剰のC16脂肪族アルコールとともに、脂肪酸200gを攪拌下でオートクレーブに供給し、エステル化反応を介してワックスエステルを生成することによりアルファ−オレフィンを調製した。エステル化を、250℃の温度で大気圧下で行った。反応時間は3時間とした。触媒は使用しなかった。反応において生成した水を6l/hの窒素フローで除去した。
バッチ式反応装置中におけるアルファ−オレフィンのオリゴマー化
1−ヘキサデセン50gおよび触媒2gを、オートクレーブリアクター中で混合した。使用した触媒は、表3に示す。この混合物を、窒素雰囲気の下で24時間200℃に加熱した。圧力は2.0MPaとした。反応の転化率はC16以外のすべての生成物に対して計算した。
固定床型反応器中におけるオリゴマー化
1−ヘキサデセンを、1:3の比率で炭化ケイ素により希釈した5gの触媒とともに固定床管形反応器に対して供給した。使用触媒は、実施例2において記述したメソポーラス材料MCM−41であり、アルミニウム含有量は2.5重量%、酸性点量は150マイクロモル/g、メソポアの表面積>800m2であった。リアクター温度は200℃、圧力は2.0MPa、供給量は10g/hとした。反応はGC分析で追跡した。表4に、転化率およびオリゴマー化生成物の組成を、異なるタイムオンストリームで表す。
オリゴマー生成物の水素添加および基油構成成分の特性
実施例3の固定床オリゴマー化からのオリゴマー生成物を蒸留し、モノマーフラクション、ヘキサデセン2量体フラクション、より高級なオリゴマー部分に分離した。次いで、2量体およびより重いフラクションを、200℃および5MPaの水素圧力で不均一系酸化ニッケル触媒を使用して個別のバッチで水素化した。反応時間は2hとした。得られた生成物の特性を表5に示す。優れた低ノアック揮発性、流動点および良好な粘度指数を有する基油が得られた。
Claims (11)
- 分岐を有する飽和炭化水素を製造するプロセスであって、
8〜26の合計炭素数を有する少なくとも1つの脂肪酸を含む供給材料を0〜0.1MPa未満の圧力かつ120〜320℃の温度で8〜26の合計炭素数を有する少なくとも1つの脂肪族アルコールでエステル化してエステルを生成する第1工程と、
得られたエステルを100〜350℃の温度でかつ10〜40MPaの圧力の下で脂肪族アルコールに水素化する第2工程と、
得られた脂肪族アルコールを0〜10MPaの圧力下でかつ250〜400℃の温度でアルファオレフィンに脱水する第3工程と、
前記アルファオレフィンを25〜300℃の温度でかつ0.01〜10MPaまでの圧力の下でオリゴマー化する第4工程と、
前記オリゴマーを25〜400℃の温度でかつ0.01〜10MPaの圧力下で水素化する第5工程とを含むプロセス。 - 前記脂肪酸が12〜20の合計炭素数を有する請求項1記載のプロセス。
- 供給材料が生物由来の原料である請求項1または2記載のプロセス。
- 第1工程において少なくとも1つの脂肪酸を12〜20の合計炭素数を有する脂肪族アルコールの1から2モル過剰量でエステル化する請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 第2の工程においてエステル(複数可)を銅触媒および銅クロマイトの触媒から選択された水素化触媒の存在下に水素の存在下で脂肪族アルコールまたは脂肪族アルコールに水素化する請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 第2の工程において得られた脂肪族アルコールの一部を第1の工程に対してリサイクルする請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 第3の工程において、第2の工程において得られた脂肪族アルコールを活性アルミナ触媒、γアルミナ触媒、θアルミナ触媒、および酸化アルミニウム上の酸化ジルコニウムを含む触媒から選択された触媒の存在下にアルファオレフィンに対して脱水する請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 第4の工程において、アルファオレフィンを不均一系または均一系触媒を含むオリゴマー化触媒の存在下にオリゴマー化する請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記オリゴマー化触媒が酸性の微多孔性かメソポーラスな触媒である請求項8記載のプロセス。
- 第5の工程において、炭素触媒上のパラジウムおよびケイソウ土触媒上のニッケルから選択された水素化触媒および水素化処理触媒の存在下にオリゴマーを水素化する請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- ポリアルファ−オレフィン類を製造する請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
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JP4040375B2 (ja) * | 2001-07-16 | 2008-01-30 | 株式会社クラレ | α−オレフィンの製造方法 |
FI20021596A (fi) * | 2002-09-06 | 2004-03-07 | Fortum Oyj | Dieselmoottorin polttoainekoostumus |
DE10309367A1 (de) * | 2003-03-03 | 2004-09-23 | Sasol Germany Gmbh | Verfahren zur Dehydratisierung von Alkoholen zu a-Olefinen |
US20040249229A1 (en) | 2003-06-06 | 2004-12-09 | Gee Jeffery C. | Isomerization of olefins with carboxylic acid |
US20050016899A1 (en) * | 2003-07-21 | 2005-01-27 | Syntroleum Corporation | Synthetic lubricant basestock and an integrated fischer-tropsch process for its production |
US20060182681A1 (en) | 2004-12-28 | 2006-08-17 | Fortum Oyj | Catalytic materials and method for the preparation thereof |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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ES2569427T3 (es) | 2016-05-10 |
PL2038375T3 (pl) | 2016-08-31 |
RU2009100931A (ru) | 2010-07-20 |
US20070299291A1 (en) | 2007-12-27 |
US7795484B2 (en) | 2010-09-14 |
EP2038375A4 (en) | 2011-09-28 |
CN101484552A (zh) | 2009-07-15 |
KR101248146B1 (ko) | 2013-03-27 |
KR20090025336A (ko) | 2009-03-10 |
JP2009539944A (ja) | 2009-11-19 |
CA2654935A1 (en) | 2007-12-21 |
DK2038375T3 (en) | 2016-04-25 |
CN101484552B (zh) | 2012-08-22 |
CA2654935C (en) | 2012-08-07 |
FI121425B (fi) | 2010-11-15 |
AU2007259105A1 (en) | 2007-12-21 |
RU2427564C2 (ru) | 2011-08-27 |
EP2038375B1 (en) | 2016-02-17 |
EP2038375A1 (en) | 2009-03-25 |
WO2007144473A1 (en) | 2007-12-21 |
FI20065404A0 (fi) | 2006-06-14 |
FI20065404A (fi) | 2007-12-15 |
AU2007259105B2 (en) | 2011-02-03 |
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