RU196146U1 - Tabletop simulator for group exercises to restore fine motor skills and intellectual activity in patients with a neurological clinic - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to medicine in the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in the departments of neurorehabilitation of neurological and neurosurgical clinics for conducting group exercises for the simultaneous restoration of fine motor skills and intellectual activity in patients of a neurological clinic. A tabletop simulator was created for group exercises to restore fine motor skills and intellectual activity in patients at a neurological clinic, containing a plastic case in the form of vertically arranged hollow cylindrical elements rigidly connected to each other by the adjacent parts of their side surfaces. At the same time, in the inner region of each cylindrical element are placed game elements represented by household items having a lower part of a circular shape. And between the horizontal and vertical rows of cylindrical elements voids-cells are formed, in which game elements, represented by household items of elongated shape, are also placed. The technical result of the claimed utility model is to expand the functionality of the playing field of the “desktop simulator”, which provides the convenience and comfort of classes to restore fine motor skills and intellectual activity in patients of a neurological clinic when using various types of household items as game elements.

Description

The utility model relates to medicine in the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in the departments of neurorehabilitation of neurological and neurosurgical clinics for conducting group exercises for the simultaneous restoration of fine motor skills and intellectual activity in patients of a neurological clinic.

For the effectiveness of restorative education, the forms of its organization that are used during classes with patients who have disorders of various mental or motor functions play an important role.

Methods and forms of organization of restorative education should take into account the social nature of a person and create conditions for the maximum use of all his opportunities and abilities, as well as the influence of the social environment and other social factors on a sick person (Tsvetkova L.S. Aphasia and restorative education., M .; Moscow Psychological and Social Institute, Voronezh: Publishing house of NPO MODEK, 2001, p. 81, 82).

One of the forms of organization of restorative education, which is based on the use of social factors, is the group form of classes, which helps to increase the efficiency of the restoration of impaired mental and motor functions, expanding and complementing the individual classes of patients, both with a specialist and independently during their stay in neurological clinic.

Group classes allow you to realize, first of all, the activity of communication and impact on the patient’s personality through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competition, etc. (Tsvetkova L.S. Aphasia and restorative education. M; Moscow Psychological and Social Institute Voronezh: Publishing house NPO MODEK, 2001, p. 9).

According to Marvin Shaw, a specialist in group dynamics, a small social group is a community consisting of two or more interacting and influencing individuals (Myers D. Social Psychology - St. Petersburg: Peter, 1997, 688 pp.).

The use of the group form of classes helps to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation classes when working on the restoration of various mental functions, including intellectual activity, as well as motor functions, including fine motor skills of the fingers of a patient in a neurological clinic.

Fine motor skills is a combination of coordinated human actions aimed at performing precise small movements with hands and fingers (Wikipedia. The free encyclopedia, Fine motor skills, was found on 06/10/2019 on the Internet at: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Fine_motor).

To restore fine motor skills of fingers in patients of a neurological clinic, various exercises are used based on sorting out various small objects, for example, sprinkled beans, peas, stones (Exercises for fine motor skills of hands after a stroke, found on 06/20/2019 on the Internet at: http: /bermen.ru/uprazhnenija-dlja-melkoj-motoriki-ruk-posle/).

However, these exercises to restore fine motor skills have a serious drawback, which is their monotony and routine, causing increased fatigue of patients and reducing interest in the classes.

Therefore, at present, various devices are used to restore fine motor skills in patients with a neurological clinic, which ensure the inclusion of hands and fingers in a variety of movements associated with more interesting and attractive game activities for patients, for example, playing Tic Tac Toe, which also contributes to the restoration of intellectual activity of patients.

So, from the existing level of technology, the device “Lattice simulator with cells of two types for group exercises to restore fine motor skills and intellectual activity in patients of a neurological clinic” is known (RU 190238 U1, 06.24.2019).

Structurally, this device is a flat base of square shape, in which cut-out cells are made, designed to accommodate game elements in them, which are used as various household items of small size.

This device provides the ability to simultaneously restore fine motor skills and intellectual activity due to the fact that the traditional game “Tic Tac Toe” is used as a simulator aimed at restoring intellectual activity, and work with various objects is used as a simulator aimed at restoring fine motor skills which patients should take with their fingers and place in the cell-cutouts of the playing field.

An important feature of this device is that cut-out cells differ in two types: a) main cut-out cells, which are larger and designed to accommodate larger items, for example, various types of plastic utensils: cups, cups; b) additional cut-out cells, which are smaller and designed to accommodate smaller items, for example, grains of various plants: beans, peas, etc.

The disadvantages of this device when used for group exercises to restore fine motor skills and intellectual activity in patients with a neurological clinic are:

a) the inconvenience of using various types of plastic utensils such as cups, cups, which are placed in cut-out cells, but are not fixed in them, therefore they are easily overturned by patients during the game;

b) limited use of common household items, the skills of use of which are strengthened in all patients, due to the fact that their length exceeds the size of cut-out cells, for example, pens, pencils, plastic forks, spoons, etc.

Also, from the existing level of technology, a device is known “Tabletop simulator for independent homework to restore fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory in neurological patients” (RU 184498 U1, 10.29.2018).

This device is based on the use of writing instruments such as pencils or felt-tip pens of different colors and consists of a rectangular base with a series of holes designed to accommodate and fix writing instruments that the patient must install from memory in accordance with the image on the work card.

The disadvantages of this device when used for group exercises to restore fine motor skills and intellectual activity in patients with a neurological clinic are:

a) this device is not intended for use in group exercises to restore fine motor skills;

b) this device is not intended for use in classes to restore intellectual activity;

c) the need to use additional elements such as work cards.

Also known is the game set “Tic Tac Toe Mugs” (Online Store “Other Gifts” Tic Tac Toe Mugs, found on 06/20/2019 on the Internet at: https://www.drugiepodarki.com/product/krestiki-i-noliki -kruzhki /).

This game set consists of a glass playing field measuring 230 × 230 mm, with a marking in the form of nine square cells, onto which, in the course of the game “Tic-tac-toe”, glass circles with images of “crosses” and “tac-toe” are alternately set.

The disadvantages of this game set when using it for group exercises to restore fine motor skills and intellectual activity in patients with a neurological clinic are:

a) this game set includes glass elements, the use of which is unacceptable when conducting rehabilitation classes with patients in a neurological clinic;

b) the lack of fixation of the mugs on the surface of the playing field, as a result of which they can easily slide and tip over.

In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned simulators, a “Table simulator for group exercises to restore fine motor skills and intellectual activity in patients of a neurological clinic” was developed (hereinafter referred to as “table simulator”).

The tasks to be solved by the claimed technical solution are:

a) ensuring the possibility of using various types of household items due to the presence of two types of cut-out cells;

b) ensuring the convenience and comfort of occupations due to the possibility of fixing on the playing field various types of dishes such as plastic cups and cups;

c) ensuring the possibility of using various household items of elongated shape during classes, for example, pens, pencils, plastic forks, spoons, the skills of which are strengthened in all patients;

d) actions performed by patients should be simultaneously aimed both at restoring fine motor skills, and at restoring intellectual activity;

e) the simplicity of the design of the “desktop simulator”, contributing to its widespread adoption in the practice of working with patients in a neurological clinic;

f) reducing the cost of the "desktop simulator" due to the lack of the need to manufacture special game elements, which are used as existing household items.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is the expansion of the functionality of the playing field of the “desktop simulator”, which provides the convenience and comfort of classes to restore fine motor skills and intellectual activity in patients of a neurological clinic when using various types of household items as game elements.

The technical result is achieved by creating a tabletop simulator for group exercises to restore fine motor skills and intellectual activity in patients of a neurological clinic, containing a body made of plastic, in the form of vertically arranged hollow cylindrical elements rigidly connected to each other by the adjacent parts of their side surfaces, while in the inner region of each cylindrical element are placed game elements of two of the same types, having a lower part of a circular shape, and between the horizontal and vertical rows of cylindrical elements voids-cells are formed, in which game elements of two same types of elongated shape are also placed.

In a preferred embodiment, each of the voids cells is located between the four cylindrical elements, and their total number depends on the total number of cylindrical elements.

In a preferred embodiment, household items are used as game elements, the diameter of the lower part of which is 1-5 mm less than the diameter of the inner region of the cylindrical elements or the inner diameter of the void cells.

In a preferred embodiment, the game elements are represented by household items of the same type, in the form of two equal groups, differing in some external sign, for example, color, or symbols applied to them, or different in shape.

The essence of the utility model "Tabletop simulator for group exercises to restore fine motor skills and intellectual activity in patients with a neurological clinic" is illustrated by the drawings:

in FIG. 1 is a general view of a “desktop simulator”;

in FIG. 2 - section aa;

in FIG. 3 - section BB.

The inventive "desktop simulator" (see Fig. 1-3) is a plastic case (1) containing vertically arranged hollow cylindrical elements (2), combined in a rigidly connected single structure by the adjacent parts of their side surfaces. In this case, the inner areas (3) of each cylindrical element (2) are intended for placement and fixation of game elements in them in the form of two types of household items of the same type having a lower part of a round shape, for example, dishes such as plastic cups, cups, etc.

In the developed design of the “desktop simulator” between adjacent rows of cylindrical elements (2) voids-cells (4) are formed, which are designed to accommodate game elements in them in the form of two types of elongated household items: pens, pencils, plastic forks, spoons and other

The dimensions of this particular “desktop simulator” indicated below are not signs of narrowing the scope of legal protection, since they can change during the process of its creation.

The dimensions of the housing (1) are the same in length and width and amount to 250-500 mm, and its height is 30-50 mm.

The inner diameter of the cylindrical element (2) is 45-60 mm, and its outer diameter is 15-25 percent greater than the inner diameter.

The cylindrical elements (2) are arranged in horizontal and vertical rows, each of which contains the same number of cylindrical elements (2), and the total number of cylindrical elements (2) can be 9, 16, 25 or 36 pieces.

The cell voids (4) are located between the horizontal and vertical rows of cylindrical elements (2) so that each of them is located between the four cylindrical elements (2), and the total number of cell voids (4) depends on the total number of cylindrical elements (2 )

As game elements used during classes with the "desktop simulator" can be used in a wide variety of household items:

a) various types of dishes having a lower part of a round shape: plastic cups, cups, etc., the diameter of the lower part of which is 1-5 mm less than the diameter of the inner region (3) of the cylindrical elements (2);

b) various household items of elongated shape: pens, pencils, plastic forks, spoons, etc. the diameter of the lower part of which is 1-5 mm less than the inner diameter of the void cells (4).

Household items used as game elements should be of the same type, but at the same time divided into two equal groups, differing in some external sign, for example, color, or symbols applied to them, designating one group of objects as “crosses” and the other as “zeroes” ".

Also, elongated objects of different shapes, such as plastic spoons and forks, some of which are used as “crosses” and others as “zeroes”, can be used as game elements.

A tabletop simulator for group exercises to restore fine motor skills and intellectual activity in patients with a neurological clinic works as follows.

Before starting the course of rehabilitation classes, the specialist forms a group of two patients who have approximately the same degree of impaired fine motor skills, and, if possible, intellectual activity.

At the beginning of the lesson, the specialist places on the table surface a “tabletop simulator” with game elements placed in the cylindrical elements (2). At the same time, one patient receives game elements denoting "crosses", and the other patient receives game elements denoting "zeroes", for example, plastic cups of white and red color.

In this case, game elements in the form of plastic cups are placed in the inner areas (3) of each cylindrical element (2), which ensure the fixation of this type of game elements, protecting them from accidentally tipping over or shifting when other game elements are installed.

One of the patients takes a game element designating “cross” with his fingers and places it (restoration of fine motor skills) in one of the inner areas (3) of the cylindrical element (2), housing (1), after which the other patient carries out the next move (restoration intellectual activity), picking up another game element designating “zero” and placing it (restoration of fine motor skills) in another inner region (3) of the cylindrical element (2), etc.

Moreover, all actions related to the capture, retention and installation of game elements in the inner region (3) of the cylindrical element (2) are performed by each sick hand with impaired fine motor skills.

The game ends with the victory of one of the patients, who, in accordance with the rules of the game “Tic-Tac-Toe,” made up a series of identical game elements located in the inner area (3) of the cylindrical element (2), or in a draw, when no one was able to make a series from patients.

After the end of the game, all game elements are again placed (restoration of fine motor skills) in the internal areas (3) of the cylindrical element (2).

If the lesson is carried out using game elements in the form of various elongated objects, such as pens or pencils, then emptying cells (4) are used to place them, the process of working with them is carried out similarly to the process of using internal areas (3) of a cylindrical element (2).

After mastering the work with the “desktop simulator” under the guidance of a specialist, patients get the opportunity to conduct independent group classes, both in the clinic and after discharge, at home.

Thus, in the course of classes with the “desktop simulator”, a wide variety of objects that differ in shape can be used, each of which, due to the peculiarities of its shape (requiring appropriate movements of the fingers when they are captured, held, etc.) helps to increase the effectiveness of the classes.

The effectiveness of using the “desktop simulator” during the restoration of fine motor skills and intellectual activity is due to the fact that patients are able to perform actions with game elements in the form of objects of various shapes, and these actions are not mechanical, routine in nature (shifting objects from place to place place), but are included in the process of active gaming activity, ensuring the maintenance of interest in classes and contributing to the restoration of intellectual activity.

Along with this, the effectiveness of the “desktop simulator” is also associated with the fact that social factors affecting the mental sphere of patients through the mechanisms of a small social group are included in the training process: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competition. In addition, it is important that if there is a lack of motivation for classes in one patient, he is prompted to study by another patient.

Along with classes on the restoration of fine motor skills and intellectual activity in patients with a neurological clinic, the “bench simulator” can also be used effectively in the following cases:

a) during classes on the restoration of fine motor skills of the hands impaired due to various other diseases, for example, injuries, consequences of surgical operations, etc .;

b) when conducting correctional and developmental classes with children with impaired formation of fine motor skills and intellectual activity;

c) during neurocognitive trainings with people of advanced and senile age;

d) as a simulator, contributing to the development of intellectual activity in healthy children;

e) as a souvenir in the form of an original playing field for playing “Tic Tac Toe” through various household items.

Thus, the “desktop simulator” provides the convenience and comfort of classes by expanding the functionality of the playing field, providing the use of various types of dishes such as plastic cups and cups as game elements, as well as various elongated household items such as pens, pencils, plastic forks, spoons.

Using the “desktop simulator” introduces an element of novelty into the process of rehabilitation classes with patients, turning them into an exciting and interesting training for patients.

Claims (4)

1. A tabletop simulator for group exercises to restore fine motor skills and intellectual activity in patients with a neurological clinic, comprising a body made of plastic, in the form of vertically arranged hollow cylindrical elements rigidly connected to each other by the adjacent parts of their side surfaces, while the inner region of each a cylindrical element is designed to accommodate game elements represented by household items having a lower part of a circular shape, and between horizontal perimental and vertical rows of cylindrical elements are formed voids, cells, which are also designed to accommodate game elements represented by everyday objects of elongate shape. 2. The desktop simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the voids cells is located between four cylindrical elements, and their total number depends on the total number of cylindrical elements. 3. The desktop simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made with the possibility of using household items as game elements, the diameter of the lower part of which is 1-5 mm less than the diameter of the inner region of the cylindrical elements or the inner diameter of the voids cells. 4. The desktop simulator according to claim 3, characterized in that it is made with the possibility of using the same type of household items as game elements, in the form of two equal groups that differ in any external sign, for example, color, or the symbols applied to them, or different in form.

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