RU182372U1 - Simulator - a playing field for group exercises to restore fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to medicine in the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in the departments of neurorehabilitation of neurological and neurosurgical clinics during group exercises to restore fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic. A simulator was created - a playing field for group exercises to restore fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic, containing a base made of rectangular plastic with dimensions 220-230 × 310-320 mm, thickness 5-7 mm, in which recess, with dimensions of 210 × 297 mm and a depth of 3-4 mm, designed to install a printed sheet with working material in it. To the upper part of the base by means of a swivel joint, a working plate made of plastic 3-4 mm thick is movably fixed with the possibility of lifting, the dimensions of which correspond to the dimensions of the recess. Eighteen cylindrical protrusions are placed on the front surface of the working plate, with an external thread designed to wind plastic stoppers on them. The cylindrical protrusions are evenly staggered, including three rows of 4 cylindrical protrusions, between which two rows of 3 cylindrical protrusions are placed, each cylindrical protrusion is hollow and includes only side walls with a thickness of 2-3 mm, a height of 10 mm and a diameter of 28 mm. Magnetic locks are mounted on the side of the base and the working plate, opposite to the hinge joint, providing a rigid fixation of the working plate. Expanding the functionality of the surface of the simulator - a playing field provided by its structural elements, allows conducting group exercises with patients in a neurological clinic, aimed at the simultaneous restoration of two processes, namely fine motor skills of fingers and visual-spatial memory.

Description

This useful model relates to medicine in the section of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in the departments of neurorehabilitation of neurological and neurosurgical clinics during group exercises to restore fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic.

For the effectiveness of rehabilitation education, the form of its organization, used in the course of classes with patients who have disorders of various mental and motor functions, plays an important role.

Methods and forms of organization of restorative education should take into account the social nature of a person and create conditions for maximizing the use of all opportunities and abilities of a person, as well as the influence of the social environment and other social factors on him (Tsvetkova L.S. Aphasia and restorative education. M; Moscow psychological -Social Institute of Voronezh: Publishing house NPO "MODEK", 2001, p. 81, 82).

One of the forms of organization of rehabilitation education, which is based on the use of the social environment and other social factors, is the group form of classes, which helps to increase the efficiency of restoration of impaired mental functions, expanding and complementing individual lessons with a specialist and independent studies of patients during their stay in a neurological clinic .

Group classes allow you to realize, first of all, the activity of communication and influence on the patient’s personality through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competition, etc. (Tsvetkova L.S. Aphasia and restorative education. M; Moscow Psychological and Social Institute Voronezh: Publishing house NPO MODEK, 2001, p.9).

According to Marvin Shaw, a specialist in group dynamics, a small social group is a community consisting of two or more interacting and influencing individuals (Myers D. Social Psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 1997).

The use of the group form of classes helps to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation training when working on the restoration in patients of a neurological clinic of various mental functions, including visuospatial memory, as well as motor functions, including fine motor skills of the fingers.

Violation of fine motor skills and visuospatial memory occurs in patients with a neurological clinic due to organic brain lesions of various etiologies.

Violation of fine motor skills leads to difficulties in patients performing various everyday actions that require precise finger movements.

To restore impaired fine motor skills of fingers in patients of a neurological clinic, various simulators are used to ensure the inclusion of fingers in various movements, one of which is the rotation of the fingers of a small object.

So, from the existing level of technology, there is known the “Table simulator“ Panel with nuts ””, designed to restore fine motor skills with the help of twisting-unscrewing nuts with your fingers (Table simulator “Panel with nuts”, Trade Center “Health Center”, found in Internet 10/25/2017 at the address: http://czdor.ru/rehabilitation/lfk/dvm_vk404.11).

Structurally, this simulator is a wooden three-stage base, with dimensions of 200x300 mm, each step of which has 4 screws with nuts of different sizes. The total weight of the simulator is 1 kg.

Also known from the existing level of technology is the “Desktop simulator“ Panel with screws ””, designed to restore fine motor skills with the help of screws screwing in and out of the hands (Desktop simulator “Panel with screws”, Trade Center “Health Center”, found on the network Internet 10.25.2017 at: http://czdor.ru/rehabilitation/lfk/dvm_vk404.11).

Structurally, this simulator is a similar wooden three-stage base with dimensions of 200 × 300 mm, at each stage of which 4 different types of screws are installed. The total weight of the simulator is 1 kg.

The disadvantages of these simulators when used during group exercises to restore fine motor skills in patients with a neurological clinic are:

a) the limited capabilities of these simulators when they are used in group classes, as they are designed for individual classes;

b) the uniformity and monotony of the movements performed by patients to tighten-unscrew the nuts and screw-in / out screws, which can lead to a decrease in interest in classes and fatigue of patients;

c) the difficulty of performing these actions for patients who did not have previous experience with nuts and screws, so this activity is unusual for them and ineffective for restoring fine motor skills;

d) a screw-nut threaded pair made of metal has a sufficiently high coefficient of friction and therefore requires the application of forces that may be excessive for patients with impaired fine motor skills.

Also known from the prior art is the "Multifunctional developmental wall simulator", which is based on screwing-unscrewing plugs on the neck of plastic bottles (Polozova E.V. Developing simulators from waste material. A practical guide for educators and methodologists of preschool educational institutions. - Voronezh: PE Lakotsein S. S., 2009, p. 26-30).

Structurally, this simulator is a base in the form of a wooden frame, in which 121 holes are made (11 horizontally and 11 vertically). Screw holes of plastic bottles are fixed in the holes, onto which standard plastic plugs are screwed. The dimensions of the simulator are 650 × 700 mm. Due to the specifics of working with this simulator, which consists in winding up / loosening plastic plugs, classes with this simulator contribute to the development of fine motor skills, as well as the formation of a number of other mental processes in children: visual-spatial perception, attention, counting operations, etc.

Unlike simulators based on the use of nuts and screws, the desktop of this simulator is more accessible for the process of winding-unscrewing plastic plugs. This positively affects the restoration of fine motor skills in patients with a neurological clinic, due to the fact that:

a) experience in performing this action is available to one degree or another in all patients, therefore this action is more strengthened and available for implementation by patients;

b) the process of winding-unscrewing traffic jams is included in activities that contribute to maintaining the interest of patients in the classroom;

c) the process of winding-unscrewing traffic jams does not require any effort on the part of the patient.

The disadvantages of this simulator when using it during group exercises to restore fine motor skills in patients with a neurological clinic are:

a) the focus of this simulator exclusively on working with children, which consists in performing simple actions that contribute to the formation of spatial concepts in children, learning counting operations;

b) the difficulty of working with this simulator for bed patients of a neurological clinic because of its significant size. This simulator is considered by us as the closest analogue.

In order to overcome the above disadvantages, a simulator has been developed - a playing field for group exercises to restore fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic.

The tasks to be solved by the claimed technical solution are:

a) the creation of a work surface that provides a group form of rehabilitation classes, contributing to an increase in the effectiveness of rehabilitation education, through the inclusion of communication activities and impact on the patient’s personality through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competition;

b) actions performed using structural elements of the simulator, in addition to restoring fine motor skills, also participated in restoring visual-spatial memory;

c) providing structural elements of rotational movements of the fingers to restore fine motor skills;

d) providing structural elements of attractive and interesting gaming activities for the patient to restore fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory;

d) ensuring the simplicity of the simulator design - the playing field, contributing to its widespread implementation in the practice of working with patients in a neurological clinic;

d) providing the possibility of using the simulator - a playing field for training in various conditions, in the absence of a horizontal surface.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is to expand the functionality of the simulator surface - a playing field, provided by its structural elements that allow conducting group exercises with patients at a neurological clinic, aimed at the simultaneous restoration of two processes, namely fine motor skills of fingers and visual-spatial memory.

The technical result is achieved by creating a simulator - a playing field for group exercises to restore fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic, containing a base made of rectangular plastic with dimensions 220-230 × 310-320 mm, thickness 5- 7 mm, in which a recess is created, with dimensions 210 × 297 mm and a depth of 3-4 mm, designed to install a printed sheet with working material in it, to the upper part of the base by means of a swivel joint movably, with the possibility of lifting and a 3-4 mm thick working plate made of plastic is fixed, the dimensions of which correspond to the size of the recess, eighteen cylindrical protrusions are placed on the front surface of the working plate, with an external thread designed to wind plastic plugs on them, cylindrical protrusions are placed evenly in a checkerboard pattern comprising three rows consisting of 4 cylindrical protrusions, between which two rows are arranged - of 3 cylindrical protrusions, each cylindrical protrusion being hollow and includes only the side wall thickness of 2-3 mm, 10 mm height and 28 mm in diameter, on the side of the base and the operating plate opposite the hinge connection, are mounted magnetic locks providing rigid fixation of the operating plate.

In a preferred embodiment, the printed sheets contain on both sides of the working material, which is 18 (eighteen) circles of nine different colors: white, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, brown, gray, and each of these colors has two circles.

In a preferred embodiment, a handle protrusion is formed on the side of the working plate opposite the articulation.

In a preferred embodiment, the location of the colored circles on each printed sheet corresponds to the location of the cylindrical protrusions on the working plate, and the diameter of each circle is 5-10 mm larger than the diameter of the cylindrical protrusion.

The essence of the utility model “Trainer - playing field for group exercises to restore fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic” is further described as “simulator - playing field” with drawings, which depict:

In FIG. 1 - general view of the simulator - a playing field without traffic jams, chips and a printed sheet;

In FIG. 2 - simulator - a playing field with a printed sheet;

In FIG. 3 - simulator - a playing field at the beginning of the lesson, when all the cork-chips are wound onto cylindrical ledges;

In FIG. 4 - simulator - playing field during the lesson, when part of the plug-chips are unscrewed;

In FIG. 5 - an example of a printed sheet with a task intended for use during classes with a simulator - a playing field;

The inventive device (see Fig. 1) contains a base (1) made of rectangular plastic with dimensions 220-230 × 310-320 mm, a thickness of 5-7 mm, in which a recess has been created, designed to install a printed sheet ( 8) with working material (see Fig. 2).

The dimensions of the recess made in the base (1) are 210 × 297 mm, which corresponds to the size of an A4 printed sheet, and the depth is 3-4 mm. To the upper part of the base (1) by means of an articulated joint (4), a working plate (2) made of plastic 3-4 mm thick is movably fixed with the possibility of lifting, the dimensions of which correspond to the dimensions of the recess in the base (1).

On the front surface of the working plate (2), 18 (eighteen) cylindrical protrusions (3) are made, with an external thread for screwing plastic plugs (7) onto them (see Fig. 3).

The cylindrical protrusions (3) are placed evenly in a checkerboard pattern, which includes 3 (three) rows consisting of 4 (four) cylindrical protrusions (3), between which there are 2 (two) rows of 3 (three) cylindrical protrusions (3) .

Each cylindrical protrusion (3) is hollow and includes only side walls 2-3 mm thick.

The height and diameter of each cylindrical protrusion (3) is made to the dimensions of a standard plastic cork from plastic bottles 10 mm high and 28 mm in diameter. On the side of the base (1) and the working plate (2), opposite to the hinge joint (4), magnetic locks (6) are mounted, which provide a rigid fixation of the printed sheet (8) with the working material and the working plate (2) itself.

For the convenience of laying and removing the printed sheet (8), on the side of the working plate (2), opposite the hinge joint (4), a handle-protrusion (5) is made.

As stoppers-chips (7), 18 (eighteen) standard stoppers from plastic bottles with a height of 10 mm and a diameter of 28 mm of the same color are used.

The printed sheets (8) used in the work with the simulator - the playing field (see Fig. 2, 5) are A4-sized printed sheets, each of which contains working material on both sides, which is 18 (eighteen) circles (9) of nine different colors, for example: white, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet, brown, gray, and each of these colors has two circles (9).

The location of the colored circles (9) on each printing sheet (8) corresponds to the location of the cylindrical protrusions (3) on the working plate (2), and the diameter of each circle (9) is 5-10 mm larger than the diameter of the cylindrical protrusion (3).

The work of the simulator - a playing field for group exercises to restore fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic ”is as follows:

To conduct a group training course, a specialist selects a group of patients with impaired fine motor skills and impaired visual-spatial memory. The number of patients in the group is 2-4 people. Patients should perform all necessary actions with their hand in violation of fine motor skills, helping with a healthy hand if necessary.

Before starting a group lesson, patients alternately twist from the cylindrical protrusions (3) of the working plate (2) all the plugs-chips (7) (see Fig. 1), after which the specialist lifts the working plate (2) by the handle-protrusion (5) and installs in the recess of the base (1) a printed sheet (8) with images of colored circles (9), I rigidly fix it with a working plate (2) with magnetic locks (6) (see Fig. 2).

Then, for a certain time (from 15 seconds or more), patients remember the location of the colored circles (9) visible through the inner part of the cylindrical protrusions (3), after which they screw the plugs onto all cylindrical protrusions (3) of the working plate (2) (7).

After this, one of the patients unscrews two plug-chips (7) from memory, as a result of which through the cylindrical protrusions (3) on which these plug-chips (7) were wound, two colored circles (9) located on the device printed sheet (8).

If the color of both circles (9) is the same, then the patient takes this pair of cork-chips (7). If the colors of these circles (8) are different, then the patient returns the plug-chips (7) to their original place, screwing them onto the cylindrical protrusions (3).

Further, patients consistently perform all the above actions (see Fig. 4), trying to unscrew the cork-chips (7), under which the circles (8) of the same color are located.

The game ends when all the plugs (7) are unscrewed from the cylindrical protrusions (3) of the simulator - the playing field. The patient who collects the most number of traffic jams-chips wins (7).

After mastering classes with a simulator - a playing field under the guidance of a specialist, patients begin to independently carry out group exercises in their free time, which complements the classes held with them with a specialist and helps to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation training conducted with them.

In the absence of visual-spatial memory impairment in patients with impaired fine motor skills, working with the device provides preventive training for the visual-spatial memory process of these patients.

The effectiveness of using the developed simulator - a playing field during group exercises to restore fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic, is connected with the fact that in the process of training social factors of influence on the mental sphere of patients are included through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation , cooperation, competition. In addition, it is important that in the case of a lack of motivation for classes in one patient, he is prompted to classes by another patient.

In addition, the simulator - the playing field in the process of using it introduces an element of novelty into the process of rehabilitation classes with patients, turning them into a psychological training that is fascinating and interesting for patients.

Along with exercises to restore fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic, a simulator - a playing field can be used in the following areas:

a) during neurocognitive trainings with elderly people with impaired fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory;

b) when conducting correctional and developing classes with children with impaired fine motor skills and visuospatial memory;

c) as a game aimed at the development and training of fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory in healthy children.

Thus, the expansion of the functional capabilities of the simulator surface — the playing field provided by its structural elements — allows conducting group exercises with patients at the neurological clinic, aimed at the simultaneous restoration of two processes: a) fine motor skills of the fingers during rotational movements when screwing-unscrewing traffic jams -chips, b) visual-spatial memory in the course of game activity aimed at remembering the spatial arrangement of pairs of circles of different colors. Moreover, this simulator - a playing field introduces an element of novelty into the process of rehabilitation classes with patients, turning them into interesting and attractive psychological training for patients.

Claims (4)

1. The simulator is a playing field for group exercises to restore fine motor skills and visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic, containing a base made of rectangular plastic with dimensions 220-230 × 310-320 mm, thickness 5-7 mm, with a recess , with dimensions 210 × 297 mm and a depth of 3-4 mm, in which a printed sheet with working material is installed, to the upper part of the base by means of a swivel joint movably, a plastic plate made of plastic 3-4 mm thick is fixed with the possibility of lifting, the dimensions of which the swarm corresponds to the size of the recess, eighteen cylindrical protrusions with an external thread are placed on the front surface of the working plate, with plastic plugs wound on them, the cylindrical protrusions are placed evenly in a checkerboard pattern, which includes three rows of 4 cylindrical protrusions, between which there are two rows of 3 cylindrical protrusions, each cylindrical protrusion is hollow and includes only side walls with a thickness of 2-3 mm, a height of 10 mm and a diameter of 28 mm, on the side o Considerations and the operating plate opposite the hinge connection, are mounted magnetic locks providing rigid fixation of the operating plate. 2. The simulator is a playing field according to claim 1, characterized in that the printed sheets contain on both sides a working material, which is 18 (eighteen) circles of nine different colors: white, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, brown , gray, with each of these colors made two circles. 3. The simulator is a playing field according to claim 1, characterized in that on the side of the working plate opposite the articulation, a handle-protrusion is made. 4. The simulator is a playing field according to claim 2, characterized in that the location of the colored circles on each printed sheet corresponds to the location of the cylindrical protrusions on the working plate, and the diameter of each circle is 5-10 mm larger than the diameter of the cylindrical protrusion

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