PT1615615E - Produtos invioláveis para administração de opióides - Google Patents
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Description
1 DESCRIÇÃO "PRODUTOS INVIOLÁVEIS PARA ADMINISTRAÇÃO DE OPIÓIDES"
ANTECEDENTES DA INVENÇÃO
Os produtos farmacêuticos são, por vezes, objecto de abuso. Por exemplo, em comparação com a mesma dose administrada por via oral, uma determinada dose de agonistas opióides pode ser mais potente quando administrada por via parentérica. Algumas formulações podem ser violadas para se conseguir o agonista opióide nelas contido disponível para utilização ilícita. As formulações de agonistas opióides de libertação controlada são muitas vezes esmagadas por abusadores de drogas ou toxicodependentes para conseguirem os opióides nelas contidos disponíveis para libertação imediata após administração oral ou parentérica.
Para impedir o abuso por via parentérica de agonistas opióides têm-se associado antagonistas opióides a determinados agonistas opióides. Na técnica anterior, tem-se utilizado a associação de pentazocina de libertação imediata e de naloxona em comprimidos obteníveis nos Estados Unidos, disponíveis no comércio como Talwin®Nx da Sanofi-Winthrop. Talwin®Nx contém cloridrato de pentazocina de libertação imediata equivalente a 50 mg base e cloridrato de naloxona equivalente a 0,5 mg base. Uma terapia com uma associação fixa composta por tilidina (50 mg) e naloxona (4 mg) foi disponibilizada na Alemanha para o controlo da dor desde 1978 (Valoron®N, Goedecke). A associação fixa de buprenorfina e de naloxona foi introduzida em 1991 na Nova Zelândia (Temgesic®Nx, Reckitt & Colman) para o tratamento da dor.
Purdue Pharma LP comercializa actualmente oxicodona de libertação constante ("sustained-release") em formas de
Claims (16)
1 REIVINDICAÇÕES 1. Produto farmacêutico que compreende: a) um grande número ["a plurality" (um conjunto)] de partículas obtidas por extrusão, contendo cada partícula um antagonista de opióides disperso em uma matriz; b) uma camada cobrindo pelo menos uma parte das partículas obtidas por extrusão; sequestrando a matriz e a camada o antagonista de opióides em uma forma de dosagem (uma forma farmacêutica) intacta, e um segundo grande número de partículas aceitáveis sob o ponto de vista farmacêutico, compreendendo cada uma das partículas desse segundo grande número de partículas um agonista opióide disperso em uma matriz, em que a matriz do primeiro grande número de partículas compreende um primeiro material hidrofóbico, em que a camada inclui um segundo material hidrofóbico em uma quantidade de cerca de 5% até cerca de 30%, cerca de 16% até cerca de 30%, cerca de 20% até cerca de 29% ou cerca de 22% até cerca de 28% do peso das partículas obtidas por extrusão, e em que a matriz do segundo grande número de partículas compreende um terceiro material hidrofóbico, sendo as partículas do agonista opióide, de preferência, obtidas por extrusão.
2. Produto farmacêutico de acordo com a reivindicação 1., em que se escolhem os primeiro, segundo e terceiro materiais hidrofóbicos no grupo que consiste em um polímero celulósico, um polímero e um copolímero acrílicos, um polímero e os copolímeros do ácido metacrílico, goma laca, zeína, óleo de 2 rícino hidrogenado, um óleo vegetal hidrogenado, e misturas de um qualquer dos materiais mencionados anteriormente, sendo o primeiro material hidrofóbico e o segundo material hidrofóbico, de preferência, os mesmos, sendo o primeiro material hidrofóbico, o segundo material hidrofóbico e o terceiro material hidrofóbico, de preferência, os mesmos, sendo o primeiro material hidrofóbico e o terceiro material hidrofóbico, de preferência, os mesmos, ou sendo o segundo material hidrofóbico e o terceiro material hidrofóbico, de preferência, os mesmos.
3. Produto farmacêutico de acordo com a reivindicação 1. ou a reivindicação 2., que compreende ainda uma cápsula contendo o grande número de partículas agonistas opióides e o grande número de partículas do antagonista de opióides obtidas por extrusão, em que se escolhe o agonista opióide no grupo constituído por alfentanilo, alilprodina, alfaprodina, anileridina, benzilmorfina, bezitramida, buprenorfina, butorfanol, o clonitazeno, codeína, desomorfina, dextromoramida, dezocina, diampromida, diamorfona, di-hidro-codeína, di-hidromorfina, dimenoxadol, dimefeptanol, dimetiltiambuteno, butirato de dioxafetilo, dipipanona, o eptazocina, eto-heptazina, etilmetiltiambuteno, etilmorfina, etonitazeno, etorfina, di-hidroetorpliina, fentanilo e seus derivados, heroína, hidrocodona, hidromorfona, hidroxipetidina, isometadona , cetobemidona, levorfanol, levofenacilmorfano, lofentanilo, meperidina, meptazinol, metazocina, metadona, metopon, morfina, miropliina, narceína, nicomorfina, norlevorfanol, normetadona, nalorfina, nalbufeno, normorfina, norpipanona, ópio, oxicodona, oximorfona, papaveretum, pentazocina, fenadoxona, fenomorfano, fenazocina, fenoperidina, piminodina, piritramida, profeptazina, promedol, properidina, 3 propoxifeno, sufentanilo, tilidina, tramadol, seus sais aceitáveis sob o ponto de vista farmacêutico, e misturas de qualquer um dos compostos acima mencionados, sendo o agonista, de preferência, escolhido a partir de oxicodona, hidromorfona, hidrocodona, oximorfona ou morfina, e seus sais aceitáveis sob o ponto de vista farmacêutico, e/ou em que se escolhe o antagonista de opióides no grupo composto por naltrexona, naloxona, nalmefeno, ciclazocina, e seus sais aceitáveis sob o ponto de vista farmacêutico.
4. Produto farmacêutico de acordo com uma qualquer das reivindicações 1. a 3., em que a matriz é capaz de sequestrar o antagonista sem a camada, e a camada intensifica o sequestro, ou em que a camada é capaz de sequestrar o antagonista sem a matriz, e a matriz intensifica o sequestro, ou em que a matriz é incapaz de sequestrar o antagonista sem a camada, a camada não é capaz de sequestrar o antagonista sem a matriz, e a matriz e a camada são, em conjunto, capazes de sequestrar o antagonista.
5. Produto farmacêutico de acordo com uma qualquer das reivindicações 1. a 4., que compreende: a matriz e a camada que sequestram o antagonista de opióides na forma de dosagem, tal que a proporção entre a quantidade de antagonista libertado pela forma de dosagem após violação, e a quantidade do antagonista libertado pela forma de dosagem intacta, com base na dissolução às 1, 2, 4, 12, 24 ou 36 horas da forma de dosagem em 700 ml de suco gástrico artificial (SGF) utilizando um aparelho do tipo II da USP (pás) a 50 rpm à temperatura de 37 °C com uma passagem ("switch") para 900 ml de liquido intestinal artificial (SIF) após uma hora, é de cerca de 20:1 ou mais, cerca de 50:1 ou 4 mais, cerca de 100:1 ou mais, cerca de 150:1 ou mais, ou cerca de 1000:1 ou mais, e/ou a matriz e a camada que sequestram o antagonista de opióides na forma de dosagem, tal que: a percentagem ponderai do antagonista libertado pela forma de dosagem intacta, com base na dissolução à 1 hora da forma de dosagem em 700 ml de SGF utilizando um aparelho do Tipo II da USP (pás) a 50 rpm à temperatura de 37 °C, seja inferior a 1,0% em peso; inferior a 0,5% em peso; inferior a 0,2% em peso; ou inferior a 0,1% em peso; e/ou tal que: a percentagem ponderai do antagonista libertado pela forma de dosagem intacta, com base na dissolução às 2 horas da forma de dosagem em 700 ml de SGF utilizando um aparelho do Tipo II da USP (pás) a 50 rpm à temperatura de 37 °C com uma passagem ("switch") para 900 ml de liquido intestinal artificial (SIF) à 1 hora, seja inferior a 2,0% em peso; inferior a 1,0% em peso; inferior a 0,5% em peso; ou inferior a 0,25% em peso; e/ou tal que a percentagem ponderai do antagonista libertado pela forma de dosagem intacta com base na dissolução às 4 horas da forma de dosagem em 700 ml de SGF utilizando um aparelho do Tipo II da USP (pás) a 50 rpm à temperatura de 37 °C com uma passagem ("switch") para 900 ml de SIF à 1 hora, seja inferior a 2,2% em peso; inferior a 1,5% em peso; inferior a 1,0% em peso; ou inferior a 0,75% em peso; e/ou tal que 5 a percentagem ponderai do antagonista libertado pela forma de dosagem intacta, com base na dissolução às 12 horas da forma de dosagem em 700 ml de SGF utilizando um aparelho do Tipo II da USP (pás) a 50 rpm à temperatura de 37 °C com uma passagem ("switch") para 900 ml de SIF às 12 horas, seja inferior a 3,0% em peso; inferior a 1,8% em peso; inferior a 1,25% em peso; ou inferior a 0,3% em peso; e/ou tal que a percentagem ponderai do antagonista libertado pela forma de dosagem intacta, com base na dissolução às 24 horas da forma de dosagem em 700 ml de SGF utilizando um aparelho do Tipo II da USP (pás) a 50 rpm à temperatura de 37 °C com uma passagem ("switch") para 900 ml de SIF à 1 hora, seja inferior a 4,8% em peso; inferior a 2,5% em peso; inferior a 1,8% em peso; ou inferior a 0,4% em peso; e/ou tal que a percentagem ponderai do antagonista libertado pela forma de dosagem intacta, com base na dissolução às 36 horas da forma de dosagem em 700 ml de SGF utilizando um aparelho do Tipo II da USP (pás) a 50 rpm à temperatura de 37 °C com uma passagem (“switch") para 900 ml de SIF à 1 hora, seja inferior a 7,0% em peso; inferior a 6,5% em peso; inferior a 3,0% em peso; ou inferior a 1,5% em peso; e/ou a matriz e a camada que sequestram o antagonista de opióides na forma de dosagem, tal que: 6 a forma de dosagem intacta liberta 1,0% ou menos à 1 hora de antagonista, 2,0% ou menos de antagonista às 2 horas; 2,2% ou menos de antagonista às 4 horas; 3,0% ou menos de antagonista às 12 horas; 4,8% ou menos de antagonista às 24 horas, e 7,0% ou menos de antagonista às 36 horas, com base na dissolução da forma de dosagem em 700 ml de SGF utilizando um aparelho do Tipo II da USP (pás) a 50 rpm à temperatura de 37 °C com uma passagem ("switch") para 900 ml de SIF; e/ou tal que a forma de dosagem intacta liberta 0,5% ou menos de antagonista à 1 hora, 1,0% ou menos de antagonista às 2 horas, 1,5% ou menos de antagonista às 4 horas, 1,8% ou menos de antagonista às 12 horas, 2,5% ou menos de antagonista às 24 horas e 6,5% ou menos de antagonista às 36 horas, com base na dissolução da forma de dosagem em 700 ml de SGF utilizando um aparelho do Tipo II da USP (pás) a 50 rpm à temperatura de 37 °C para a primeira hora, com uma passagem ("switch") subsequente para 900 ml de SIF; e/ou tal que a forma de dosagem intacta liberte 0,2% ou menos de antagonista à 1 hora, 0,5% ou menos de antagonista às 2 horas, 1% ou menos de antagonista às 4 horas, 1,25% ou menos de antagonista às 12 horas, 1,8% ou menos de antagonista às 24 horas, e 3,0% ou menos de antagonista às 36 horas com base na dissolução da forma de dosagem em 700 ml de SGF utilizando um aparelho do Tipo II da USP (pás) a 50 rpm à temperatura de 37 °C para a primeira hora, com uma passagem ("switch") subsequente 7 para 900 ml de SIF; e/ou tal que a forma de dosagem intacta liberte, 0,1% ou menos de antagonista à 1 hora, 0,25% ou menos de antagonista às 2 horas, 0,75% ou menos de antagonista às 4 horas, 0,3% ou menos de antagonista às 12 horas, 0,4% ou menos de antagonista às 24 horas, e 1,5% ou menos de antagonista às 36 horas, com base na dissolução da forma de dosagem em 700 ml de SGF utilizando um aparelho do Tipo II da USP (pás) a 50 rpm à temperatura de 37 °C para a primeira hora, com uma passagem ("switch") subsequente para 900 ml de SIF; e/ou em que a percentagem ponderai do agonista libertado pela forma de dosagem após violação com base na dissolução à 1 hora da forma de dosagem em 700 ml de SGF utilizando um aparelho do Tipo II da USP (pás) a 50 rpm à temperatura de 37 °C, seja inferior a 50% em peso; inferior a 40% em peso; ou inferior a 35% em peso, e/ou em que a proporção entre a Cmax média do antagonista, obtida após a administração de uma única dose de uma forma de dosagem violada a uma população de doentes e a Cmax média do antagonista obtida após a administração de uma única dose de uma forma de dosagem intacta a uma população de doentes é aproximadamente 20:1, aproximadamente 100:1, aproximadamente 125:1, aproximadamente 150:1 ou mais; e/ou em que a proporção entre a área média sob a curva da concentração versus o tempo (AUC) do antagonista obtida após a administração de uma única dose de uma forma de dosagem violada a uma população de doentes e a área média sob a curva 8 da concentração versus o tempo (AUC) do antagonista obtida após a administração de uma única dose de uma forma de dosagem intacta a uma população de doentes é aproximadamente 5:1 ou aproximadamente 25:1, ou aproximadamente 75:1 ou aproximadamente 200:1 ou superior.
6. Produto farmacêutico de acordo com uma qualquer das reivindicações anteriores, em que as partículas que contêm o antagonista de opióides têm um diâmetro médio de cerca de 0,1 a cerca de 6,0 mm, possuindo o grande número de partículas, de preferência, um diâmetro médio de cerca de 0,1 a cerca de 3 mm e/ou em que a quantidade do antagonista de opióides libertado após a ingestão de uma forma de dosagem violada é eficaz na prevenção do efeito eufórico do agonista opióide.
7. Produto farmacêutico de acordo com uma qualquer das reivindicações anteriores, em que as partículas que contêm o agonista e as partículas que contêm o antagonista são similares ou praticamente indistinguíveis em uma propriedade escolhida no grupo que inclui o aspecto, a textura, o odor, o gosto, a dureza, a forma, a dimensão ou uma associação destas.
8. Produto farmacêutico de acordo com uma qualquer das reivindicações anteriores, que compreende um grande número de partículas obtidas por extrusão contendo aproximadamente 2 mg de naltrexona ou um sal aceitável sob o ponto de vista farmacêutico dispersas em uma matriz; e uma camada que cobre, pelo menos, uma parte das partículas; sequestrando a matriz e a camada a naltrexona ou o seu sal na forma de dosagem tal que a forma de dosagem intacta liberta 0,065 mg ou, de preferência, 0,04 mg ou menos antagonista às 9 36 horas, com base na dissolução da forma de dosagem em 700 ml de SGF para uma hora seguidos posteriormente por 900 ml de SIF utilizando um aparelho do tipo II da USP (pás) a 50 rpm e à temperatura de 37 °C ou um grande número de partículas obtidas por extrusão que compreendem aproximadamente 8 mg de naltrexona ou um sal aceitável sob o ponto de vista farmacêutico dispersas em uma matriz; e uma camada que cubra pelo menos uma parte das partículas; sequestrando a matriz e a camada a naltrexona ou um seu sal na forma de dosagem tal que a forma de dosagem intacta liberta 0,08 mg ou menos do antagonista às 36 horas, com base na dissolução da forma de dosagem em 700 ml de SGF para uma hora e em seguida 900 ml de SIF usando um dispositivo do tipo II da USP (pás) a 50 RPM à temperatura de 37 °C.
9. Produto farmacêutico de acordo com uma qualquer das reivindicações anteriores que compreende: a) uma partícula obtida por extrusão que contem cloridrato de naltrexona disperso em um primeiro material hidrofóbico escolhido no grupo constituído por uma resina acrílica, álcool estearílico, ácido esteárico e uma sua mistura; e b) uma camada que compreende um segundo material hidrofóbico que cubra pelo menos uma parte das partículas, consistindo o segundo material hidrofóbico escolhido no grupo constituído por uma alquilcelulose, uma resina acrílica, e uma sua mistura, sequestrando a matriz e a camada o cloridrato de naltrexona em uma forma de dosagem intacta, c) um grande número de partículas que compreende um agonista opióide escolhido no grupo constituído por oxicodona, hidrocodona, hidromorfona, e seus sais aceitáveis sob o ponto de vista farmacêutico dispersas em um terceiro material hidrofóbico escolhido no grupo constituído por uma resina 10 acrílica, álcool estearílico, ácido esteárico e uma sua mistura; e d) uma cápsula que contem o grande número de partículas do agonista opióide e o grande número de partículas de cloridrato de naltrexona.
10. Produto farmacêutico de acordo com a reivindicação 9., em que o cloridrato de naltrexona ocorre em uma quantidade de aproximadamente 2 mg até cerca de 12 mg, aproximadamente 2 mg até cerca de 8 mg e/ou em que as partículas de cloridrato de naltrexona contêm mais do que 90%, de preferência mais do que 95% de material hidrofóbico.
11. Produto farmacêutico de acordo com uma qualquer das reivindicações anteriores, em que a camada se apresenta essencialmente desprovida do antagonista, e/ou em que a forma de dosagem é desprovida do antagonista de libertação imediata e/ou em que as partículas do antagonista de opióides têm um diâmetro médio de cerca de 0,1 até cerca de 6.0 mm.
12. Produto farmacêutico de acordo com uma qualquer das reivindicações anteriores: em que a camada compreende um polímero acrílico e um polímero celulósico em arranjo bilaminar.
13. Produto farmacêutico de acordo com uma qualquer das reivindicações anteriores, em que se obtêm as partículas do antagonista de opióides por: a) mistura do antagonista de opióides e de um primeiro material hidrofóbico para formar uma mistura; b) aquecimento da mistura até uma temperatura suficiente para pelo menos a amolecer; 11 c) extrusão da mistura para formar uma tira; e d) corte dessa tira em particulas.
14. Processo de preparação de um produto farmacêutico de acordo com uma qualquer das reivindicações anteriores, que compreende a preparação de um grande número de particulas que incluem um agonista opióide; preparação de um grande número de particulas que compreendem um antagonista de opióides; aplicação da camada sobre as particulas do agonista opióide e as particulas do antagonista de opióides tal que as particulas do agonista opióide e as particulas do antagonista de opióides são semelhantes ou praticamente indistinguíveis quanto ao aspecto.
15. Processo para a preparação de um produto farmacêutico de acordo com uma qualquer das reivindicações 1. a 13., que compreende: a) a dispersão de um antagonista de opióides em um primeiro material hidrofóbico por extrusão para formar uma partícula; e b) o revestimento de pelo menos uma parte das partículas com uma camada compreendendo um segundo material hidrofóbico tal que a matriz e a camada sequestram o antagonista de opióides em uma forma de dosagem intacta, o segundo material hidrofóbico em uma quantidade entre aproximadamente 5% e cerca de 30% do peso da partícula, c) a dispersão de um agonista opióide em um terceiro material hidrofóbico para formar um grande número de partículas; e 12 d) o acondicionamento o grande número de partículas do agonista opióide e o grande número de partículas do antagonista de opióides em uma cápsula.
16. Utilização de um produto farmacêutico de acordo com uma qualquer das reivindicações 1. a 13., para a fabricação de um medicamento para administração oral para o tratamento da dor. Lisboa, 18 de Maio de 2010. 1 RESUMO "PRODUTOS INVIOLÁVEIS PARA ADMINISTRAÇÃO DE OPIÓIDES" A presente invenção refere algumas formas de realização que apresentam uma forma de dosagem que compreende um grande número de partículas obtidas por extrusão que incluem um componente contrário no sentido de antagonista ("adverse agent") ou antagonista e uma camada distribuída em torno das partículas. 1/4 •Cona<entxa,çã«» Pla.síaãtl.G?a Ajustada à Dose e.% Função- 'Na.l.tirex-o«.a do Sses·;.:»!»:- 1 do Tesipo
Horas HTX (1. rbne r tacão iiRscliata;) ^' A (pui vh r· i z.do> A < inteiro J -*- figura I Concentração Plasmática de Naltrexona (Exemplo 5} lOojtí t r-Etcão 03 ’ rti ns d 0 0 *H * -uj 03 μ si 4J £ <f! f~l o rd os ϋ H fe Pj
Horas MEK/I NEM 5ulveri z adas FIGURà 2 3/4 Cor;g entração Pl-asmática Média de Mal trexona iExsmplo 13 a}
0 50 10» 150 Horas [atei r o· e a<ic- FIGURA 3 4/4
FXSUB& 4
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