NZ589742A - Methods of treating mammals with eustachian tube dysfunctions with betahistine - Google Patents

Methods of treating mammals with eustachian tube dysfunctions with betahistine

Info

Publication number
NZ589742A
NZ589742A NZ589742A NZ58974209A NZ589742A NZ 589742 A NZ589742 A NZ 589742A NZ 589742 A NZ589742 A NZ 589742A NZ 58974209 A NZ58974209 A NZ 58974209A NZ 589742 A NZ589742 A NZ 589742A
Authority
NZ
New Zealand
Prior art keywords
use according
betahistine
medicament
eustachian tube
formulated
Prior art date
Application number
NZ589742A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Colin Russell Anderson
Burkhard Franz
Original Assignee
Univ Melbourne
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2008902659A external-priority patent/AU2008902659A0/en
Application filed by Univ Melbourne filed Critical Univ Melbourne
Publication of NZ589742A publication Critical patent/NZ589742A/en

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/4402—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof only substituted in position 2, e.g. pheniramine, bisacodyl
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0043—Nose
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/08—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for nausea, cinetosis or vertigo; Antiemetics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/02—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for peripheral neuropathies
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
    • A61P27/16—Otologicals

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Neurosurgery (AREA)
  • Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
NZ589742A 2008-05-27 2009-05-27 Methods of treating mammals with eustachian tube dysfunctions with betahistine NZ589742A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2008902659A AU2008902659A0 (en) 2008-05-27 Method of Treatment
PCT/AU2009/000664 WO2009143572A1 (en) 2008-05-27 2009-05-27 Methods of treating mammals with eustachian tube dysfunctions

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
NZ589742A true NZ589742A (en) 2012-06-29

Family

ID=41376479

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
NZ589742A NZ589742A (en) 2008-05-27 2009-05-27 Methods of treating mammals with eustachian tube dysfunctions with betahistine

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US8642631B2 (enExample)
EP (1) EP2293794B1 (enExample)
JP (1) JP5543963B2 (enExample)
KR (1) KR101621726B1 (enExample)
CN (1) CN102046170B (enExample)
AU (1) AU2009253739B2 (enExample)
BR (1) BRPI0912126A2 (enExample)
CA (1) CA2765190C (enExample)
DK (1) DK2293794T3 (enExample)
EA (1) EA022565B1 (enExample)
ES (1) ES2419204T3 (enExample)
NZ (1) NZ589742A (enExample)
PT (1) PT2293794E (enExample)
WO (1) WO2009143572A1 (enExample)

Families Citing this family (47)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10105592A1 (de) 2001-02-06 2002-08-08 Achim Goepferich Platzhalter zur Arzneistofffreigabe in der Stirnhöhle
US8317816B2 (en) 2002-09-30 2012-11-27 Acclarent, Inc. Balloon catheters and methods for treating paranasal sinuses
US8435285B2 (en) * 2003-11-25 2013-05-07 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Composite stent with inner and outer stent elements and method of using the same
US8702626B1 (en) 2004-04-21 2014-04-22 Acclarent, Inc. Guidewires for performing image guided procedures
US7419497B2 (en) 2004-04-21 2008-09-02 Acclarent, Inc. Methods for treating ethmoid disease
US8932276B1 (en) 2004-04-21 2015-01-13 Acclarent, Inc. Shapeable guide catheters and related methods
US20190314620A1 (en) 2004-04-21 2019-10-17 Acclarent, Inc. Apparatus and methods for dilating and modifying ostia of paranasal sinuses and other intranasal or paranasal structures
US7654997B2 (en) 2004-04-21 2010-02-02 Acclarent, Inc. Devices, systems and methods for diagnosing and treating sinusitus and other disorders of the ears, nose and/or throat
US9089258B2 (en) 2004-04-21 2015-07-28 Acclarent, Inc. Endoscopic methods and devices for transnasal procedures
US20070208252A1 (en) * 2004-04-21 2007-09-06 Acclarent, Inc. Systems and methods for performing image guided procedures within the ear, nose, throat and paranasal sinuses
US8414473B2 (en) 2004-04-21 2013-04-09 Acclarent, Inc. Methods and apparatus for treating disorders of the ear nose and throat
US7559925B2 (en) 2006-09-15 2009-07-14 Acclarent Inc. Methods and devices for facilitating visualization in a surgical environment
US20060063973A1 (en) 2004-04-21 2006-03-23 Acclarent, Inc. Methods and apparatus for treating disorders of the ear, nose and throat
US8747389B2 (en) 2004-04-21 2014-06-10 Acclarent, Inc. Systems for treating disorders of the ear, nose and throat
US8894614B2 (en) 2004-04-21 2014-11-25 Acclarent, Inc. Devices, systems and methods useable for treating frontal sinusitis
US9101384B2 (en) 2004-04-21 2015-08-11 Acclarent, Inc. Devices, systems and methods for diagnosing and treating sinusitis and other disorders of the ears, Nose and/or throat
US7803150B2 (en) * 2004-04-21 2010-09-28 Acclarent, Inc. Devices, systems and methods useable for treating sinusitis
US20070167682A1 (en) * 2004-04-21 2007-07-19 Acclarent, Inc. Endoscopic methods and devices for transnasal procedures
US8764729B2 (en) 2004-04-21 2014-07-01 Acclarent, Inc. Frontal sinus spacer
US9351750B2 (en) 2004-04-21 2016-05-31 Acclarent, Inc. Devices and methods for treating maxillary sinus disease
US9554691B2 (en) 2004-04-21 2017-01-31 Acclarent, Inc. Endoscopic methods and devices for transnasal procedures
US20060004323A1 (en) 2004-04-21 2006-01-05 Exploramed Nc1, Inc. Apparatus and methods for dilating and modifying ostia of paranasal sinuses and other intranasal or paranasal structures
US9399121B2 (en) 2004-04-21 2016-07-26 Acclarent, Inc. Systems and methods for transnasal dilation of passageways in the ear, nose or throat
US10188413B1 (en) 2004-04-21 2019-01-29 Acclarent, Inc. Deflectable guide catheters and related methods
US7462175B2 (en) 2004-04-21 2008-12-09 Acclarent, Inc. Devices, systems and methods for treating disorders of the ear, nose and throat
US8951225B2 (en) 2005-06-10 2015-02-10 Acclarent, Inc. Catheters with non-removable guide members useable for treatment of sinusitis
US7816975B2 (en) * 2005-09-20 2010-10-19 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Circuit and method for bias voltage generation
US8114113B2 (en) 2005-09-23 2012-02-14 Acclarent, Inc. Multi-conduit balloon catheter
US9820688B2 (en) 2006-09-15 2017-11-21 Acclarent, Inc. Sinus illumination lightwire device
US8439687B1 (en) 2006-12-29 2013-05-14 Acclarent, Inc. Apparatus and method for simulated insertion and positioning of guidewares and other interventional devices
WO2008124787A2 (en) 2007-04-09 2008-10-16 Acclarent, Inc. Ethmoidotomy system and implantable spacer devices having therapeutic substance delivery capability for treatment of paranasal sinusitis
US8118757B2 (en) 2007-04-30 2012-02-21 Acclarent, Inc. Methods and devices for ostium measurement
US8485199B2 (en) 2007-05-08 2013-07-16 Acclarent, Inc. Methods and devices for protecting nasal turbinate during surgery
US10206821B2 (en) 2007-12-20 2019-02-19 Acclarent, Inc. Eustachian tube dilation balloon with ventilation path
US8182432B2 (en) 2008-03-10 2012-05-22 Acclarent, Inc. Corewire design and construction for medical devices
EP2664350B1 (en) 2008-07-30 2019-08-28 Acclarent, Inc. Paranasal ostium finder devices
US20100241155A1 (en) 2009-03-20 2010-09-23 Acclarent, Inc. Guide system with suction
US7978742B1 (en) 2010-03-24 2011-07-12 Corning Incorporated Methods for operating diode lasers
US8435290B2 (en) * 2009-03-31 2013-05-07 Acclarent, Inc. System and method for treatment of non-ventilating middle ear by providing a gas pathway through the nasopharynx
US9155492B2 (en) 2010-09-24 2015-10-13 Acclarent, Inc. Sinus illumination lightwire device
US9433437B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-09-06 Acclarent, Inc. Apparatus and method for treatment of ethmoid sinusitis
US9629684B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-04-25 Acclarent, Inc. Apparatus and method for treatment of ethmoid sinusitis
US11410751B2 (en) * 2016-05-27 2022-08-09 Life Technologies Corporation Methods and systems for graphical user interfaces for biological data
AR111699A1 (es) * 2017-02-02 2019-08-14 Otolanum Ag Composición farmacéutica que comprende betahistina
AU2019208152B2 (en) * 2017-03-22 2021-07-01 Burkhard Karl-Heinz Gunther Franz Treatment method
WO2018170532A1 (en) * 2017-03-22 2018-09-27 Franz, Lilian Ann Treatment method
ES2950452T3 (es) 2017-03-28 2023-10-10 Intrabio Ltd Betahistina, o una sal farmacéuticamente aceptable de la misma, e inhibidor de monoamina oxidasa, para su uso en el tratamiento o la prevención de uno o más síntomas de vértigo en un sujeto

Family Cites Families (49)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3149034A (en) 1961-07-17 1964-09-15 Umimed Inc Method of relieving pain with (pyridyllower alkyl)-amines
US3632765A (en) 1969-07-18 1972-01-04 Unimed Inc Treatment of shock
GB1241906A (en) * 1969-11-01 1971-08-04 Unimed Inc Salts of beta-(pyridyl alkyl) amines with 21-hydroxy steroid polybasic acid esters
JPS5938202B2 (ja) * 1976-03-05 1984-09-14 エーザイ株式会社 難聴治療剤
GB1577871A (en) * 1976-05-28 1980-10-29 Unimed Inc Prevention of myocardial infarction
FR2397840B1 (enExample) * 1977-07-22 1981-03-20 Cherqui Jean
FR2432313A1 (fr) 1978-08-01 1980-02-29 Foulhoux Pierre Nouvelle forme galenique de la betahistine et son procede d'obtention
JPS55154915A (en) * 1979-05-21 1980-12-02 Jiyan Sadeia Shieruki Medicine mold
DE3634016A1 (de) * 1986-04-17 1987-10-29 Lohmann Gmbh & Co Kg Flaechenfoermiges therapeutisches system, verfahren zu seiner herstellung und seine verwendung
IT1229237B (it) 1989-05-08 1991-07-26 Prodotti Formenti Sali di (2-(piridil)etil) metilammina
GB9104854D0 (en) 1991-03-07 1991-04-17 Reckitt & Colmann Prod Ltd Sustained release compositions
JPH06219947A (ja) 1993-01-26 1994-08-09 Kinki Univ 経皮投与製剤
GB2280604B (en) 1993-07-02 1997-04-30 Resource Medical Limited Processing of active agents
IT1309591B1 (it) 1999-03-05 2002-01-24 Formenti Farmaceutici Spa Composizioni a rilascio controllato di betaistina.
JP2001064205A (ja) 1999-06-25 2001-03-13 Dai Ichi Seiyaku Co Ltd 製剤組成物
US6156294A (en) * 1999-11-28 2000-12-05 Scientific Development And Research, Inc. Composition and method for treatment of otitis media
US20020106408A1 (en) 2000-12-01 2002-08-08 Johnatan Bacon Prolamin-based sustained-release compositions and delayed-onset compositions
AU2002240359A1 (en) * 2001-02-14 2002-08-28 Sarfaraz K. Niazi Pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of alopecia
US7090830B2 (en) * 2001-05-24 2006-08-15 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Drug condensation aerosols and kits
WO2002094240A1 (en) * 2001-05-24 2002-11-28 Alexza Molecular Delivery Corporation Delivery of physiologically active compounds through an inhalation route
CA2446904A1 (en) * 2001-05-24 2003-04-03 Alexza Molecular Delivery Corporation Delivery of drug esters through an inhalation route
WO2003026631A1 (en) 2001-05-24 2003-04-03 Alexza Molecular Delivery Corporation Delivery of drug esters through an inhalation route
US20030051728A1 (en) * 2001-06-05 2003-03-20 Lloyd Peter M. Method and device for delivering a physiologically active compound
WO2004089313A2 (en) 2003-04-01 2004-10-21 Transform Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Novel olanzapine forms and related methods of treatment
AU2002316231A1 (en) 2002-02-19 2003-09-29 Xenoport, Inc. Methods for synthesis of prodrugs from 1-acyl-alkyl derivatives and compositions thereof
AU2003243354A1 (en) 2002-05-31 2003-12-19 Transform Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Novel conazole crystalline forms and related processes, pharmaceutical compositions and methods
GB0213869D0 (en) 2002-06-17 2002-07-31 Arakis Ltd The treatment of pain
AU2003281158A1 (en) * 2002-07-12 2004-02-02 Arakis Ltd. The treatment of emesis
US8487002B2 (en) * 2002-10-25 2013-07-16 Paladin Labs Inc. Controlled-release compositions
DE60322091D1 (de) 2002-10-25 2008-08-21 Labopharm Inc Zubereitungen mit kontrollierter freisetzung
RU2328275C2 (ru) 2002-10-25 2008-07-10 Лабофарм Инк. Композиции трамадола пролонгированного высвобождения с 24-часовым действием
US7220431B2 (en) * 2002-11-27 2007-05-22 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Methods and compositions for applying pharmacologic agents to the ear
DK1493435T3 (da) 2003-07-04 2008-09-08 Formenti Farmaceutici Spa Sammensætning af betahistin med styret frigivelse
WO2005011665A1 (en) * 2003-07-22 2005-02-10 Arakis Ltd. The use of proglumide for the treatment of emesis
WO2005101979A2 (en) * 2004-04-22 2005-11-03 Mor Research Applications Ltd. Method of food intake management
CN1568986A (zh) 2004-05-13 2005-01-26 南昌弘益科技有限公司 盐酸倍他司汀滴丸及其制备方法
GB0506800D0 (en) 2005-04-04 2005-05-11 Merck Sharp & Dohme New uses
WO2006121979A2 (en) 2005-05-09 2006-11-16 Drugtech Corporation Modified-release pharmaceutical compositions
US20070009564A1 (en) 2005-06-22 2007-01-11 Mcclain James B Drug/polymer composite materials and methods of making the same
ES2691646T3 (es) 2005-07-15 2018-11-28 Micell Technologies, Inc. Revestimientos poliméricos que contienen polvo de fármaco de morfología controlada
CN1732934B (zh) 2005-08-10 2011-10-05 陈学峰 注射用盐酸倍他司汀冻干粉针剂及其制备方法
US8158152B2 (en) * 2005-11-18 2012-04-17 Scidose Llc Lyophilization process and products obtained thereby
WO2007076140A2 (en) 2005-12-23 2007-07-05 University Of Cincinnati Treatment methods employing histamine h3 receptor antagonists, including betahistine
US7951845B2 (en) * 2006-01-19 2011-05-31 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Composition and method of treating hearing loss
US20070231390A1 (en) * 2006-03-29 2007-10-04 Andrx Labs, Llc Formulations including hygroscopic compounds
RU2308941C1 (ru) 2006-05-10 2007-10-27 Открытое акционерное общество "Московское производственное химико-фармацевтическое объединение им. Н.А. Семашко" Твердая лекарственная форма, обладающая гистаминоподобным действием, и способ ее получения
US20080066739A1 (en) * 2006-09-20 2008-03-20 Lemahieu Edward Methods and systems of delivering medication via inhalation
JP5415769B2 (ja) * 2006-12-26 2014-02-12 株式会社新日本科学 経鼻投与用製剤
EP2125709A2 (en) * 2007-02-02 2009-12-02 Colucid Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Compounds that inhibit cholinesterase

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN102046170B (zh) 2012-11-28
CA2765190C (en) 2016-07-19
AU2009253739A1 (en) 2009-12-03
CA2765190A1 (en) 2009-12-03
KR101621726B1 (ko) 2016-05-17
KR20110022624A (ko) 2011-03-07
EP2293794A4 (en) 2011-06-22
PT2293794E (pt) 2013-07-10
EP2293794A1 (en) 2011-03-16
JP2011520992A (ja) 2011-07-21
HK1155387A1 (en) 2012-05-18
BRPI0912126A2 (pt) 2015-11-03
US8642631B2 (en) 2014-02-04
AU2009253739B2 (en) 2014-02-06
WO2009143572A1 (en) 2009-12-03
JP5543963B2 (ja) 2014-07-09
ES2419204T3 (es) 2013-08-19
DK2293794T3 (da) 2013-08-19
US20110166190A1 (en) 2011-07-07
EP2293794B1 (en) 2013-05-22
CN102046170A (zh) 2011-05-04
EA201071361A1 (ru) 2011-06-30
EA022565B1 (ru) 2016-01-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
AU2009253739B2 (en) Methods of treating mammals with eustachian tube dysfunctions
JP2020502206A (ja) Ｔａｓｋ−１およびｔａｓｋ−３チャネル阻害剤を含む医薬剤形、ならびに呼吸障害療法におけるその使用
ES2389539T3 (es) Métodos y composiciones para el tratamiento del asma
JP2020502215A (ja) Ｔａｓｋ−１およびｔａｓｋ−３チャネル阻害剤を含む医薬剤形、ならびに呼吸障害療法におけるその使用
CA2483090C (en) Use of therapeutic 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-2-one compositions
RU2685277C1 (ru) Применение бисамидного производного малоновой кислоты для лечения аллергических и других заболеваний человека и животных
CN111432814A (zh) 用于减轻或治疗包括脆性X染色体综合征、Angelman综合征或Rett综合征的发育障碍的氨基甲酸酯化合物的用途
CA3194825A1 (en) Administration of antipurinergic compositions for treating nervous system disorders
HK1155387B (en) Methods of treating mammals with eustachian tube dysfunctions
US20200352907A1 (en) Use Of Carbamate Compound For Preventing, Alleviating Or Treating Absence Seizure Or Epilepsy Showing Absence Seizure
SK7832000A3 (en) New use of local anaesthetics against vascular headaches
US20240277641A1 (en) Methods for treating nervous system disorders with antipurinergic agents
CN116802174A (zh) 用于治疗神经系统病症的苏拉明的鼻内施用
EP3711756A1 (en) Use of carbamate compound for preventing, alleviating or treating myotonia
Ghimire et al. Comparative efficacy of steroid nasal spray versus antihistamine nasal spray in allergic rhinitis
US20230218689A1 (en) Composition for preventing, treating, or alleviating viral infection diseases or respiratory diseases comprising vesicle derived from lactobacillus paracasei
EP1666066A1 (en) Remedy for down syndrome
US20080194639A1 (en) Proton Pump Inhibitors in the Treatment of Sleep Disturbance Due to Silent Gastroesophageal Reflux
Chen et al. Common Drugs Used in Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery
JP2023540355A (ja) 神経障害性疼痛の局所治療において使用するメピラミン
WO2005058879A1 (ja) 滲出性中耳炎の予防および／または治療剤
MXPA00005861A (en) New use of local anaesthetics against vascular headaches

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PSEA Patent sealed
RENW Renewal (renewal fees accepted)

Free format text: PATENT RENEWED FOR 3 YEARS UNTIL 27 MAY 2016 BY PIZZEYS PATENT AND TRADE MARK ATTORNEYS

Effective date: 20130404

RENW Renewal (renewal fees accepted)

Free format text: PATENT RENEWED FOR 1 YEAR UNTIL 27 MAY 2017 BY PIZZEYS PATENT AND TRADE MARK ATTORNEYS PTY LTD

Effective date: 20161026

RENW Renewal (renewal fees accepted)

Free format text: PATENT RENEWED FOR 1 YEAR UNTIL 27 MAY 2018 BY CPA GLOBAL

Effective date: 20170418

RENW Renewal (renewal fees accepted)

Free format text: PATENT RENEWED FOR 1 YEAR UNTIL 27 MAY 2019 BY CPA GLOBAL

Effective date: 20180412

ASS Change of ownership

Owner name: OTOLANUM AG, C/O AURIS MEDICAL HOLDING, CH

Effective date: 20180823

RENW Renewal (renewal fees accepted)

Free format text: PATENT RENEWED FOR 1 YEAR UNTIL 27 MAY 2020 BY CPA GLOBAL

Effective date: 20190411

LAPS Patent lapsed