NO314390B1 - Titaniabaserte katalysatorb¶rere og fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av disse - Google Patents
Titaniabaserte katalysatorb¶rere og fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av disse Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO314390B1 NO314390B1 NO19965091A NO965091A NO314390B1 NO 314390 B1 NO314390 B1 NO 314390B1 NO 19965091 A NO19965091 A NO 19965091A NO 965091 A NO965091 A NO 965091A NO 314390 B1 NO314390 B1 NO 314390B1
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- surface area
- titania
- mixture
- acid
- hydrate mass
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 39
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 title description 13
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001935 peptisation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 16
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006072 paste Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 nitric acid Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002156 adsorbate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004674 formic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;titanium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Ti].[Fe] YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DCKVFVYPWDKYDN-UHFFFAOYSA-L oxygen(2-);titanium(4+);sulfate Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DCKVFVYPWDKYDN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000348 titanium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000606 toothpaste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940034610 toothpaste Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/04—Mixing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/063—Titanium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/615—100-500 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/252,806 US5484757A (en) | 1994-06-02 | 1994-06-02 | Titania-based catalyst carriers |
PCT/US1995/005704 WO1995033559A1 (en) | 1994-06-02 | 1995-05-05 | Titania-based catalyst carriers |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO965091D0 NO965091D0 (no) | 1996-11-29 |
NO965091L NO965091L (no) | 1996-11-29 |
NO314390B1 true NO314390B1 (no) | 2003-03-17 |
Family
ID=22957634
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO19965091A NO314390B1 (no) | 1994-06-02 | 1996-11-29 | Titaniabaserte katalysatorb¶rere og fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av disse |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5484757A (ko) |
EP (1) | EP0762932B1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP3688712B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR100330639B1 (ko) |
CN (1) | CN1079281C (ko) |
AT (1) | ATE202499T1 (ko) |
AU (1) | AU683166B2 (ko) |
BR (1) | BR9507829A (ko) |
CA (1) | CA2190629C (ko) |
DE (1) | DE69521510T2 (ko) |
DK (1) | DK0762932T3 (ko) |
ES (1) | ES2158110T3 (ko) |
FI (1) | FI964791A (ko) |
NO (1) | NO314390B1 (ko) |
NZ (1) | NZ285601A (ko) |
WO (1) | WO1995033559A1 (ko) |
Families Citing this family (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5962367A (en) * | 1994-11-04 | 1999-10-05 | Dequing Chemical Industry And Technologies Co., Ltd. | Titania (TiO2) support and process for preparation and use of the same |
GB9525616D0 (en) * | 1995-12-15 | 1996-02-14 | Tioxide Group Services Ltd | Rutile titanium dioxide |
DE19632006A1 (de) * | 1996-08-08 | 1998-02-12 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Lactamen |
DE69827027T2 (de) * | 1997-04-01 | 2006-03-09 | Otsuka Kagaku K.K. | Verwendung titandioxids als photokatalysator |
DE19738464A1 (de) * | 1997-09-03 | 1999-03-04 | Basf Ag | Verwendung von Formkörpern als Katalysator zur Herstellung von Caprolactam |
US6191066B1 (en) | 1998-05-27 | 2001-02-20 | Energy International Corporation | Fischer-Tropsch activity for non-promoted cobalt-on-alumina catalysts |
US6262132B1 (en) * | 1999-05-21 | 2001-07-17 | Energy International Corporation | Reducing fischer-tropsch catalyst attrition losses in high agitation reaction systems |
US20030012711A1 (en) * | 1999-11-17 | 2003-01-16 | Conoco Inc. | Honeycomb monolith catalyst support for catalytic distillation reactor |
DE10334489A1 (de) * | 2003-07-29 | 2005-02-24 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur hydrierenden Zersetzung von Ammoniumformiaten in polyolhaltigen Reaktionsgemischen |
DE102004027549A1 (de) * | 2004-04-07 | 2005-10-27 | Kronos International, Inc. | Kohlenstoffhaltiger Titandioxid-Photokatalysator und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
US20070197837A1 (en) * | 2004-07-07 | 2007-08-23 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Method for the hydrodecomposition of ammonium formates in polyolcontaining reaction mixtures |
EP1807198B1 (en) * | 2004-11-03 | 2011-02-16 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Synthesis of hydrocarbons using titania catalysts |
US7556793B2 (en) * | 2005-06-06 | 2009-07-07 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Rutile titania catalyst carrier |
CN101195087B (zh) * | 2007-12-21 | 2010-08-25 | 中国石化扬子石油化工有限公司 | 由二氧化钛水合物制备二氧化钛成型催化剂载体的方法 |
EP2444150A1 (de) * | 2010-10-22 | 2012-04-25 | crenox GmbH | Trägerkatalysator aus Aufschlussrückständen der titanylsulfathaltigen Schwarzlösung |
KR101065242B1 (ko) * | 2010-12-14 | 2011-09-19 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 선택적 탈질 환원 촉매 및 이산화 티타늄 수화물 슬러리를 이용한 그 제조방법 |
FR2978682B1 (fr) | 2011-06-01 | 2016-01-01 | Sicat Llc | Procede catalytique pour la conversion d'un gaz de synthese en hydrocarbures |
WO2015124149A1 (de) * | 2014-02-21 | 2015-08-27 | Sachtleben Chemie Gmbh | Katalysatorprecursormaterial auf TiO2-Basis, dessen Herstellung und dessen Verwendung |
CN108290137B (zh) * | 2015-07-14 | 2022-07-12 | 英国石油有限公司 | 包含氧化锆的挤出的二氧化钛基材料 |
CN108367272B (zh) * | 2015-07-14 | 2021-11-23 | 英国石油有限公司 | 包含季铵化合物和/或使用季铵化合物制备的挤出的二氧化钛基材料 |
CN108290145B (zh) * | 2015-07-14 | 2021-06-25 | 英国石油有限公司 | 包含中孔和大孔的挤出的二氧化钛基材料 |
CA2992159A1 (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2017-01-19 | Bp P.L.C. | Extruded titania-based materials comprising one or more acids or prepared using one or more acids |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4061596A (en) * | 1974-12-02 | 1977-12-06 | Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Ltd. | Process for preparing titanium oxide shaped carrier |
JPS5314250B2 (ko) * | 1974-12-06 | 1978-05-16 | ||
BE836165A (fr) * | 1974-12-02 | 1976-06-01 | Procede de preparation d'un support conforme en oxyde de titane | |
JPS5167295A (en) * | 1974-12-06 | 1976-06-10 | Mitsubishi Chem Ind | Sankachitanseikeibutsuno seizohoho |
JPS5426980A (en) * | 1977-08-01 | 1979-02-28 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | Molding method for titanium oxide-containing composition |
US4321224A (en) * | 1979-12-31 | 1982-03-23 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Method for production of spherical molded product containing titanium oxide |
FR2481145A1 (fr) * | 1980-04-23 | 1981-10-30 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | Procede de fabrication de catalyseurs ou de supports de catalyseurs faconnes a base d'oxyde de titane et leurs applications a la catalyse claus |
US4410448A (en) * | 1981-12-28 | 1983-10-18 | The Standard Oil Company | Method for controlling the change in the crush strength of a catalyst particle during finishing calcination |
DE3217751A1 (de) * | 1982-05-12 | 1983-11-17 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Presslinge aus pyrogen hergestelltem titandioxid, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung sowie ihre verwendung |
FR2633605B1 (fr) * | 1988-07-01 | 1991-07-12 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Procede de preparation d'oxyde de titane et d'articles a base d'oxyde de titane |
DE4012479A1 (de) * | 1990-04-19 | 1991-10-24 | Degussa | Titandioxidpresslinge, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung sowie ihre verwendung |
-
1994
- 1994-06-02 US US08/252,806 patent/US5484757A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-05-05 AT AT95919050T patent/ATE202499T1/de active
- 1995-05-05 KR KR1019960706765A patent/KR100330639B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-05-05 ES ES95919050T patent/ES2158110T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-05-05 BR BR9507829A patent/BR9507829A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-05-05 WO PCT/US1995/005704 patent/WO1995033559A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-05-05 CA CA002190629A patent/CA2190629C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-05-05 NZ NZ285601A patent/NZ285601A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-05-05 DK DK95919050T patent/DK0762932T3/da active
- 1995-05-05 EP EP95919050A patent/EP0762932B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-05-05 CN CN95193331A patent/CN1079281C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-05-05 DE DE69521510T patent/DE69521510T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-05-05 JP JP50088096A patent/JP3688712B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-05-05 AU AU24754/95A patent/AU683166B2/en not_active Ceased
-
1996
- 1996-11-29 NO NO19965091A patent/NO314390B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-11-29 FI FI964791A patent/FI964791A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2190629A1 (en) | 1995-12-14 |
ES2158110T3 (es) | 2001-09-01 |
EP0762932B1 (en) | 2001-06-27 |
JP3688712B2 (ja) | 2005-08-31 |
KR100330639B1 (ko) | 2002-11-22 |
DK0762932T3 (da) | 2001-09-17 |
DE69521510T2 (de) | 2002-05-16 |
JPH10501170A (ja) | 1998-02-03 |
NO965091D0 (no) | 1996-11-29 |
EP0762932A1 (en) | 1997-03-19 |
ATE202499T1 (de) | 2001-07-15 |
AU2475495A (en) | 1996-01-04 |
KR970703197A (ko) | 1997-07-03 |
WO1995033559A1 (en) | 1995-12-14 |
CA2190629C (en) | 2000-07-11 |
DE69521510D1 (de) | 2001-08-02 |
FI964791A0 (fi) | 1996-11-29 |
NZ285601A (en) | 1998-01-26 |
AU683166B2 (en) | 1997-10-30 |
CN1079281C (zh) | 2002-02-20 |
CN1149261A (zh) | 1997-05-07 |
NO965091L (no) | 1996-11-29 |
FI964791A (fi) | 1996-11-29 |
BR9507829A (pt) | 1997-09-16 |
US5484757A (en) | 1996-01-16 |
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