NO302904B1 - Fremgangsmåte, celle og anode for elektroutvinning av et metall samt fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av anoden - Google Patents
Fremgangsmåte, celle og anode for elektroutvinning av et metall samt fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av anoden Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO302904B1 NO302904B1 NO900995A NO900995A NO302904B1 NO 302904 B1 NO302904 B1 NO 302904B1 NO 900995 A NO900995 A NO 900995A NO 900995 A NO900995 A NO 900995A NO 302904 B1 NO302904 B1 NO 302904B1
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- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- oxide
- anode
- metal
- ceramic
- substrate
- Prior art date
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 57
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 64
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052574 oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005363 electrowinning Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- NQNBVCBUOCNRFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel ferrite Chemical compound [Ni]=O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NQNBVCBUOCNRFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001785 cerium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052566 spinel group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- UQWLEJDCBWVKSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum zirconium Chemical compound [Zr].[Pt] UQWLEJDCBWVKSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- XVVDIUTUQBXOGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ce].FOF Chemical compound [Ce].FOF XVVDIUTUQBXOGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 12
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001055 inconels 600 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminium flouride Chemical compound F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002482 Cu–Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000934 Monel 400 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910003322 NiCu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- OANFWJQPUHQWDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper iron manganese nickel Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe].[Ni].[Cu] OANFWJQPUHQWDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000753 refractory alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N B#[Ti]#B Chemical compound B#[Ti]#B QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020187 CeF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001006 Constantan Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017566 Cu-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017871 Cu—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018054 Ni-Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018481 Ni—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910033181 TiB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- CEQAPXDOWOUYNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M cerium(3+) oxygen(2-) fluoride Chemical compound [O--].[F-].[Ce+3] CEQAPXDOWOUYNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cu] YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010285 flame spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000856 hastalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001293 incoloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KERTUBUCQCSNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);disulfamate Chemical compound [Ni+2].NS([O-])(=O)=O.NS([O-])(=O)=O KERTUBUCQCSNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000623 nickel–chromium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001235 nimonic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011225 non-oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052575 non-oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 oxy compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UJMWVICAENGCRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen difluoride Chemical compound FOF UJMWVICAENGCRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/06—Operating or servicing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
- C25C3/12—Anodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/02—Electrodes; Connections thereof
- C25C7/025—Electrodes; Connections thereof used in cells for the electrolysis of melts
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP87810503 | 1987-09-02 | ||
PCT/EP1988/000788 WO1989001994A1 (en) | 1987-09-02 | 1988-08-30 | Molten salt electrolysis with non-consumable anode |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO900995L NO900995L (no) | 1990-03-01 |
NO900995D0 NO900995D0 (no) | 1990-03-01 |
NO302904B1 true NO302904B1 (no) | 1998-05-04 |
Family
ID=8198416
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO900995A NO302904B1 (no) | 1987-09-02 | 1990-03-01 | Fremgangsmåte, celle og anode for elektroutvinning av et metall samt fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av anoden |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US4956068A (de) |
EP (4) | EP0306100A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1042737A (de) |
AU (4) | AU2428988A (de) |
BR (2) | BR8807682A (de) |
CA (3) | CA1328243C (de) |
DD (1) | DD283655A5 (de) |
DE (2) | DE3875040T2 (de) |
ES (2) | ES2039594T3 (de) |
NO (1) | NO302904B1 (de) |
WO (4) | WO1989001994A1 (de) |
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EP0257709B1 (de) * | 1986-08-21 | 1993-01-13 | MOLTECH Invent S.A. | Sauerstoff enthaltende Ceriumverbindung, beständige Anode für die Schmelzflusselektrolyse und Herstellungsverfahren |
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AU622000B2 (en) * | 1989-03-07 | 1992-03-26 | Moltech Invent S.A. | An anode substrate coated with rare earth oxycompounds |
US5131776A (en) * | 1990-07-13 | 1992-07-21 | Binney & Smith Inc. | Aqueous permanent coloring composition for a marker |
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US5279715A (en) * | 1991-09-17 | 1994-01-18 | Aluminum Company Of America | Process and apparatus for low temperature electrolysis of oxides |
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JP3373076B2 (ja) * | 1995-02-17 | 2003-02-04 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 耐摩耗性Cu基合金 |
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EP1109952B1 (de) * | 1998-07-30 | 2004-10-27 | MOLTECH Invent S.A. | Mehrschichtige, kohlenstofffreie anoden auf basis von metallen für aluminium-elektrogewinnungszellen |
US6372099B1 (en) * | 1998-07-30 | 2002-04-16 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Cells for the electrowinning of aluminium having dimensionally stable metal-based anodes |
US6425992B1 (en) | 1998-07-30 | 2002-07-30 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Surface coated non-carbon metal-based anodes |
WO2000006804A1 (en) * | 1998-07-30 | 2000-02-10 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Nickel-iron alloy-based anodes for aluminium electrowinning cells |
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US6083362A (en) * | 1998-08-06 | 2000-07-04 | University Of Chicago | Dimensionally stable anode for electrolysis, method for maintaining dimensions of anode during electrolysis |
EP1240364B1 (de) * | 1999-12-09 | 2005-03-02 | MOLTECH Invent S.A. | Anoden auf basis von metallen für elektrolysezellen zur aluminiumgewinnung |
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EP1495160B1 (de) * | 2002-04-16 | 2005-11-09 | MOLTECH Invent S.A. | Kohlenstoff-frei anoden zur elektrogewinnung von aluminium und andere oxidationsbeständige komponenten mit einer aufschlämmung aufgetragenen beschichtung |
WO2004025751A2 (en) * | 2002-09-11 | 2004-03-25 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Non-carbon anodes for aluminium electrowinning and other oxidation resistant components with iron oxide-containing coatings |
US7033469B2 (en) * | 2002-11-08 | 2006-04-25 | Alcoa Inc. | Stable inert anodes including an oxide of nickel, iron and aluminum |
US6758991B2 (en) | 2002-11-08 | 2004-07-06 | Alcoa Inc. | Stable inert anodes including a single-phase oxide of nickel and iron |
CA2558969C (en) * | 2004-03-18 | 2012-05-15 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Non-carbon anodes with active coatings |
EP1743052A2 (de) * | 2004-03-18 | 2007-01-17 | MOLTECH Invent S.A. | Nichtkohlenstoffanoden |
AU2007226245B2 (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2011-05-12 | Rio Tinto Alcan International Limited | Aluminium electrowinning cell with enhanced crust |
US20070278107A1 (en) * | 2006-05-30 | 2007-12-06 | Northwest Aluminum Technologies | Anode for use in aluminum producing electrolytic cell |
CN101542787A (zh) | 2006-09-25 | 2009-09-23 | 德克萨斯州立大学董事会 | 用于锂离子电池的阳离子取代的尖晶石氧化物和氟氧化物阴极 |
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US8771497B2 (en) * | 2007-04-20 | 2014-07-08 | Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. | Electrolyzer, electrodes used therefor, and electrolysis method |
US20090016948A1 (en) * | 2007-07-12 | 2009-01-15 | Young Edgar D | Carbon and fuel production from atmospheric CO2 and H2O by artificial photosynthesis and method of operation thereof |
ES2383145T3 (es) * | 2008-09-08 | 2012-06-18 | Rio Tinto Alcan International Limited | Ánodo metálico que desprende oxígeno que opera a alta densidad de corriente para células de reducción de aluminio |
US7888283B2 (en) * | 2008-12-12 | 2011-02-15 | Lihong Huang | Iron promoted nickel based catalysts for hydrogen generation via auto-thermal reforming of ethanol |
WO2011140209A2 (en) | 2010-05-04 | 2011-11-10 | The George Washington University | Processes for iron and steel production |
US8764962B2 (en) * | 2010-08-23 | 2014-07-01 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Extraction of liquid elements by electrolysis of oxides |
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CN103540960B (zh) * | 2013-09-30 | 2016-08-17 | 赣南师范学院 | 一种稀土镁镍基储氢合金的制备方法 |
CN104131315B (zh) * | 2014-08-20 | 2017-11-07 | 赣南师范大学 | 一种稀土镁镍基储氢合金电解共析合金化方法 |
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FR2434213A1 (fr) * | 1978-08-24 | 1980-03-21 | Solvay | Procede pour la production electrolytique d'hydrogene en milieu alcalin |
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US4399008A (en) * | 1980-11-10 | 1983-08-16 | Aluminum Company Of America | Composition for inert electrodes |
US4374761A (en) * | 1980-11-10 | 1983-02-22 | Aluminum Company Of America | Inert electrode formulations |
US4478693A (en) * | 1980-11-10 | 1984-10-23 | Aluminum Company Of America | Inert electrode compositions |
US4374050A (en) * | 1980-11-10 | 1983-02-15 | Aluminum Company Of America | Inert electrode compositions |
GB8301001D0 (en) * | 1983-01-14 | 1983-02-16 | Eltech Syst Ltd | Molten salt electrowinning method |
US4484997A (en) * | 1983-06-06 | 1984-11-27 | Great Lakes Carbon Corporation | Corrosion-resistant ceramic electrode for electrolytic processes |
US4620905A (en) * | 1985-04-25 | 1986-11-04 | Aluminum Company Of America | Electrolytic production of metals using a resistant anode |
DE3774964D1 (de) * | 1986-08-21 | 1992-01-16 | Moltech Invent Sa | Metall-keramikverbundwerkstoff, formkoerper und verfahren zu dessen herstellung. |
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-
1988
- 1988-08-30 DE DE8888201851T patent/DE3875040T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-08-30 BR BR888807682A patent/BR8807682A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-08-30 AU AU24289/88A patent/AU2428988A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1988-08-30 BR BR888807683A patent/BR8807683A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-08-30 WO PCT/EP1988/000788 patent/WO1989001994A1/en unknown
- 1988-08-30 ES ES198888201854T patent/ES2039594T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-08-30 AU AU24243/88A patent/AU615002B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-08-30 EP EP88201852A patent/EP0306100A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1988-08-30 EP EP88201851A patent/EP0306099B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-08-30 US US07/350,477 patent/US4956068A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-08-30 AU AU23276/88A patent/AU614995B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-08-30 WO PCT/EP1988/000785 patent/WO1989001991A1/en unknown
- 1988-08-30 US US07/350,475 patent/US5069771A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-08-30 WO PCT/EP1988/000786 patent/WO1989001992A1/en unknown
- 1988-08-30 WO PCT/EP1988/000787 patent/WO1989001993A1/en unknown
- 1988-08-30 EP EP88201853A patent/EP0306101A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1988-08-30 US US07/350,480 patent/US4960494A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-08-30 EP EP88201854A patent/EP0306102B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-08-30 DE DE8888201854T patent/DE3879819T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-08-30 AU AU23200/88A patent/AU2320088A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1988-08-30 ES ES88201851T patent/ES2052688T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-09-01 CA CA000576279A patent/CA1328243C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-09-01 CA CA000576282A patent/CA1306148C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-09-01 CA CA000576281A patent/CA1306147C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-11-18 CN CN88107981A patent/CN1042737A/zh active Pending
-
1989
- 1989-03-02 DD DD89326219A patent/DD283655A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1990
- 1990-03-01 NO NO900995A patent/NO302904B1/no unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2428988A (en) | 1989-03-31 |
US4956068A (en) | 1990-09-11 |
EP0306100A1 (de) | 1989-03-08 |
AU2327688A (en) | 1989-03-31 |
CA1306147C (en) | 1992-08-11 |
DE3875040T2 (de) | 1993-02-25 |
CA1328243C (en) | 1994-04-05 |
AU2320088A (en) | 1989-03-31 |
US5069771A (en) | 1991-12-03 |
EP0306102B1 (de) | 1993-03-31 |
WO1989001994A1 (en) | 1989-03-09 |
US4960494A (en) | 1990-10-02 |
WO1989001992A1 (en) | 1989-03-09 |
EP0306102A1 (de) | 1989-03-08 |
AU2424388A (en) | 1989-03-31 |
DE3879819T2 (de) | 1993-07-08 |
DE3875040D1 (de) | 1992-11-05 |
AU615002B2 (en) | 1991-09-19 |
NO900995L (no) | 1990-03-01 |
WO1989001991A1 (en) | 1989-03-09 |
WO1989001993A1 (en) | 1989-03-09 |
NO900995D0 (no) | 1990-03-01 |
AU614995B2 (en) | 1991-09-19 |
DD283655A5 (de) | 1990-10-17 |
BR8807682A (pt) | 1990-06-26 |
DE3879819D1 (de) | 1993-05-06 |
ES2052688T3 (es) | 1994-07-16 |
ES2039594T3 (es) | 1993-10-01 |
EP0306101A1 (de) | 1989-03-08 |
CN1042737A (zh) | 1990-06-06 |
EP0306099B1 (de) | 1992-09-30 |
BR8807683A (pt) | 1990-06-26 |
EP0306099A1 (de) | 1989-03-08 |
CA1306148C (en) | 1992-08-11 |
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