NO2332947T3 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- NO2332947T3 NO2332947T3 NO11155100A NO11155100A NO2332947T3 NO 2332947 T3 NO2332947 T3 NO 2332947T3 NO 11155100 A NO11155100 A NO 11155100A NO 11155100 A NO11155100 A NO 11155100A NO 2332947 T3 NO2332947 T3 NO 2332947T3
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H15/00—Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
- C07H15/02—Acyclic radicals, not substituted by cyclic structures
- C07H15/14—Acyclic radicals, not substituted by cyclic structures attached to a sulfur, selenium or tellurium atom of a saccharide radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H5/00—Compounds containing saccharide radicals in which the hetero bonds to oxygen have been replaced by the same number of hetero bonds to halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium
- C07H5/08—Compounds containing saccharide radicals in which the hetero bonds to oxygen have been replaced by the same number of hetero bonds to halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium to sulfur, selenium or tellurium
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7028—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7028—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages
- A61K31/7034—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages attached to a carbocyclic compound, e.g. phloridzin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
- A61P5/10—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the posterior pituitary hormones, e.g. oxytocin, ADH
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
- A61P5/48—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the pancreatic hormones
- A61P5/50—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the pancreatic hormones for increasing or potentiating the activity of insulin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/12—Antihypertensives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H7/00—Compounds containing non-saccharide radicals linked to saccharide radicals by a carbon-to-carbon bond
- C07H7/04—Carbocyclic radicals
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Diabetes (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Obesity (AREA)
- Endocrinology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Child & Adolescent Psychology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
- Pyrane Compounds (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US8142308P | 2008-07-17 | 2008-07-17 | |
| EP09790436.1 | 2009-07-15 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO2332947T3 true NO2332947T3 (enExample) | 2018-03-31 |
Family
ID=41137707
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO11155100A NO2332947T3 (enExample) | 2008-07-17 | 2009-07-15 |
Country Status (28)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US8217156B2 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP2332947B1 (enExample) |
| JP (2) | JP2011528366A (enExample) |
| KR (2) | KR20170010069A (enExample) |
| CN (2) | CN102112483A (enExample) |
| AR (1) | AR072807A1 (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU2009270973B2 (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2730931A1 (enExample) |
| CL (1) | CL2009001595A1 (enExample) |
| CO (1) | CO6351797A2 (enExample) |
| DK (1) | DK2332947T3 (enExample) |
| ES (1) | ES2656357T3 (enExample) |
| HK (1) | HK1243713A1 (enExample) |
| HU (1) | HUE035400T2 (enExample) |
| IL (1) | IL210269A (enExample) |
| MX (1) | MX2011000503A (enExample) |
| NO (1) | NO2332947T3 (enExample) |
| NZ (1) | NZ590184A (enExample) |
| PE (1) | PE20100260A1 (enExample) |
| PL (1) | PL2332947T3 (enExample) |
| PT (1) | PT2332947T (enExample) |
| RU (1) | RU2505543C2 (enExample) |
| SG (1) | SG185317A1 (enExample) |
| TW (1) | TWI472521B (enExample) |
| UA (1) | UA106048C2 (enExample) |
| UY (1) | UY31992A (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2010009197A1 (enExample) |
| ZA (1) | ZA201100175B (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (36)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI499414B (zh) * | 2006-09-29 | 2015-09-11 | Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc | 鈉與葡萄糖第２型共同運輸體（ｃｏ-ｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔｅｒ ２）的抑制物與其應用方法 |
| EA017411B1 (ru) | 2007-07-26 | 2012-12-28 | Лексикон Фармасьютикалз, Инк. | Способы и соединения, предназначенные для получения ингибиторов котранспортера натрий-глюкозы 2 типа |
| TWI523652B (zh) | 2008-07-15 | 2016-03-01 | 泰瑞克公司 | 氘化苄基苯衍生物及使用方法 |
| TWI472521B (zh) | 2008-07-17 | 2015-02-11 | Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc | （２ｓ，３ｒ，４ｒ，５ｓ，６ｒ）－２－（４－氯－３－（４－乙氧苄基）苯基）－６－（甲硫）四氫－２ｈ－哌喃－３，４，５－三醇的固體形態與其使用方法 |
| TWI562775B (en) * | 2010-03-02 | 2016-12-21 | Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc | Methods of using inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporters 1 and 2 |
| US8530413B2 (en) | 2010-06-21 | 2013-09-10 | Sanofi | Heterocyclically substituted methoxyphenyl derivatives with an oxo group, processes for preparation thereof and use thereof as medicaments |
| TW201221505A (en) | 2010-07-05 | 2012-06-01 | Sanofi Sa | Aryloxyalkylene-substituted hydroxyphenylhexynoic acids, process for preparation thereof and use thereof as a medicament |
| TW201215388A (en) | 2010-07-05 | 2012-04-16 | Sanofi Sa | (2-aryloxyacetylamino)phenylpropionic acid derivatives, processes for preparation thereof and use thereof as medicaments |
| TW201215387A (en) | 2010-07-05 | 2012-04-16 | Sanofi Aventis | Spirocyclically substituted 1,3-propane dioxide derivatives, processes for preparation thereof and use thereof as a medicament |
| CN102453026A (zh) | 2010-10-27 | 2012-05-16 | 上海艾力斯医药科技有限公司 | C-芳基葡糖苷衍生物、制备方法及其应用 |
| TWI631963B (zh) * | 2011-01-05 | 2018-08-11 | 雷西肯製藥股份有限公司 | 包含鈉－葡萄糖共同輸送體１與２之抑制劑的組合物與應用方法 |
| WO2013037390A1 (en) | 2011-09-12 | 2013-03-21 | Sanofi | 6-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-styryl-1h-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid amide derivatives as kinase inhibitors |
| WO2013045413A1 (en) | 2011-09-27 | 2013-04-04 | Sanofi | 6-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-alkyl-1h-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid amide derivatives as kinase inhibitors |
| EP3489226B1 (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2021-02-17 | Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Inhibitors of sodium glucose cotransporter 1 |
| WO2015069441A1 (en) | 2013-10-18 | 2015-05-14 | Medivation Technologies, Inc. | Pyrazolo-, imidazolo- and pyrrolo-pyridine or -pyrimidine derivatives as inhibitors o brutons kinase (btk) |
| WO2015058084A1 (en) | 2013-10-18 | 2015-04-23 | Medivation Technologies, Inc. | Heterocyclic compounds and methods of use |
| EP3330275A4 (en) | 2015-07-30 | 2018-12-05 | Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation | Novel aminoglycoside antibiotic effective against multidrug-resistant bacteria |
| CN109195980B (zh) * | 2016-05-25 | 2022-05-17 | 苏州科睿思制药有限公司 | 一种钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白抑制剂药物的新晶型及其制备方法和用途 |
| WO2018067805A1 (en) | 2016-10-06 | 2018-04-12 | Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. | Solid state forms of sotagliflozin |
| EA201990951A1 (ru) | 2016-10-19 | 2019-11-29 | Комбинации, содержащие ssao/vap-1 ингибитор и sglt2-ингибитор, и их применение | |
| JP2021520394A (ja) | 2018-04-17 | 2021-08-19 | ベーリンガー インゲルハイム インターナショナル ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | 医薬組成物、処置方法及びその使用 |
| CN110818722B (zh) * | 2018-08-14 | 2022-12-02 | 苏州鹏旭医药科技有限公司 | 三种化合物及其制备方法和在合成索格列净中的用途 |
| CN119264211A (zh) | 2018-08-27 | 2025-01-07 | 瑞泽恩制药公司 | 拉曼光谱在下游纯化中的应用 |
| EP3856714A1 (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2021-08-04 | Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Crystalline forms of n-(1 -((2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)amino)-2-m ethyl-1 -oopropan-2-yl)-4-(4-(2-methyl-5- (2s,3r,4r,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(methylthio)tetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-yl)benzyl) phenl)butanamide and methods of their synthesis |
| MA54051A (fr) | 2018-10-29 | 2022-02-09 | Boehringer Ingelheim Int | Dérivés de pyridinyl sulfonamide, compositions pharmaceutiques et leurs utilisations |
| EP3873599B1 (en) | 2018-10-29 | 2023-09-27 | Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH | Pyridinyl sulfonamide derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions and uses thereof |
| CN109824687B (zh) * | 2019-03-26 | 2022-03-22 | 上海凌凯医药科技有限公司 | 呋喃木糖衍生物的新合成方法 |
| EP3957634A4 (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2022-08-31 | Shangdong Danhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | CRYSTALLINE FORM OF SGLT INHIBITOR AND ITS APPLICATION |
| EP3771480A1 (en) | 2019-08-01 | 2021-02-03 | Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Continuous process for preparing the crystalline form ii of sotagliflozin |
| EP3771718A1 (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2021-02-03 | Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Process for preparing the crystalline form ii of sotagliflozin |
| US20240100013A1 (en) | 2021-01-04 | 2024-03-28 | Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Sotagliflozin for improving left atrial function |
| WO2022155303A1 (en) | 2021-01-14 | 2022-07-21 | Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Sotagliflozin for treating or preventing cardiovascular diseases |
| CN113880701A (zh) * | 2021-10-10 | 2022-01-04 | 浙江司太立制药股份有限公司 | 一种抗糖尿病药物中间体及其制备方法 |
| WO2025072413A1 (en) | 2023-09-28 | 2025-04-03 | Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Methods of treating type 1 diabetes and kidney disease |
| WO2025076165A1 (en) | 2023-10-06 | 2025-04-10 | Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Methods of reducing the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy |
| PL446852A1 (pl) * | 2023-11-27 | 2025-06-02 | Politechnika Rzeszowska im. Ignacego Łukasiewicza | Układ doprowadzający wodę do pralki |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3870699A (en) * | 1973-03-06 | 1975-03-11 | Upjohn Co | Lincomycin analogs |
| MXPA02006660A (es) * | 2000-01-07 | 2002-12-13 | Transform Pharmaceuticals Inc | Formacion, identificacion y analisis de diversas formas solidas de alto rendimiento. |
| WO2006018150A1 (de) | 2004-08-11 | 2006-02-23 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | D-xylopyranosyl-phenyl-substituierte cyclen, diese verbindungen enthaltende arzneimittel, deren verwendung und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
| DE602006009772D1 (de) | 2005-02-23 | 2009-11-26 | Boehringer Ingelheim Int | Glucopyranosylsubstituierte ((hetero)arylethynyl-benzyl)-benzenderivative und deren verwendung als inhibitoren des natriumabhängigen glucose-cotransporters typ 2 (sglt2) |
| CN1820858A (zh) * | 2006-03-10 | 2006-08-23 | 广西中医学院制药厂 | 多相物料喷雾方法及装置 |
| TWI499414B (zh) * | 2006-09-29 | 2015-09-11 | Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc | 鈉與葡萄糖第２型共同運輸體（ｃｏ-ｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔｅｒ ２）的抑制物與其應用方法 |
| US7846945B2 (en) * | 2007-03-08 | 2010-12-07 | Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Piperdine-based inhibitors of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 and methods of their use |
| EA017411B1 (ru) * | 2007-07-26 | 2012-12-28 | Лексикон Фармасьютикалз, Инк. | Способы и соединения, предназначенные для получения ингибиторов котранспортера натрий-глюкозы 2 типа |
| TWI472521B (zh) | 2008-07-17 | 2015-02-11 | Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc | （２ｓ，３ｒ，４ｒ，５ｓ，６ｒ）－２－（４－氯－３－（４－乙氧苄基）苯基）－６－（甲硫）四氫－２ｈ－哌喃－３，４，５－三醇的固體形態與其使用方法 |
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2009
- 2009-07-01 TW TW98122274A patent/TWI472521B/zh active
- 2009-07-15 CN CN2009801279245A patent/CN102112483A/zh active Pending
- 2009-07-15 PL PL11155100T patent/PL2332947T3/pl unknown
- 2009-07-15 JP JP2011518868A patent/JP2011528366A/ja active Pending
- 2009-07-15 NO NO11155100A patent/NO2332947T3/no unknown
- 2009-07-15 AU AU2009270973A patent/AU2009270973B2/en active Active
- 2009-07-15 US US12/503,225 patent/US8217156B2/en active Active
- 2009-07-15 KR KR1020177001061A patent/KR20170010069A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2009-07-15 EP EP11155100.8A patent/EP2332947B1/en active Active
- 2009-07-15 WO PCT/US2009/050636 patent/WO2010009197A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2009-07-15 KR KR1020117001024A patent/KR101707246B1/ko active Active
- 2009-07-15 PE PE2009000944A patent/PE20100260A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-07-15 MX MX2011000503A patent/MX2011000503A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2009-07-15 CA CA2730931A patent/CA2730931A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-07-15 SG SG2012077681A patent/SG185317A1/en unknown
- 2009-07-15 RU RU2011105797/04A patent/RU2505543C2/ru active
- 2009-07-15 CL CL2009001595A patent/CL2009001595A1/es unknown
- 2009-07-15 DK DK11155100.8T patent/DK2332947T3/da active
- 2009-07-15 ES ES11155100.8T patent/ES2656357T3/es active Active
- 2009-07-15 AR ARP090102685A patent/AR072807A1/es unknown
- 2009-07-15 PT PT111551008T patent/PT2332947T/pt unknown
- 2009-07-15 CN CN201710477527.7A patent/CN107629097A/zh not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-07-15 NZ NZ590184A patent/NZ590184A/xx unknown
- 2009-07-15 HU HUE11155100A patent/HUE035400T2/en unknown
- 2009-07-15 UA UAA201101832A patent/UA106048C2/uk unknown
- 2009-07-16 UY UY0001031992A patent/UY31992A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
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2010
- 2010-12-26 IL IL210269A patent/IL210269A/en active IP Right Grant
-
2011
- 2011-01-06 ZA ZA2011/00175A patent/ZA201100175B/en unknown
- 2011-02-09 CO CO11014849A patent/CO6351797A2/es not_active Application Discontinuation
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2012
- 2012-06-22 US US13/530,645 patent/US9067962B2/en active Active
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2015
- 2015-09-30 JP JP2015193990A patent/JP6283337B2/ja active Active
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2018
- 2018-03-02 HK HK18103068.1A patent/HK1243713A1/zh unknown