NO169596B - Fremgangsmaate ved mekanisk bearbeidelse av aluminiumlegeringer og konsentrat for bruk ved fremgangsmaaten - Google Patents

Fremgangsmaate ved mekanisk bearbeidelse av aluminiumlegeringer og konsentrat for bruk ved fremgangsmaaten Download PDF

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Publication number
NO169596B
NO169596B NO871941A NO871941A NO169596B NO 169596 B NO169596 B NO 169596B NO 871941 A NO871941 A NO 871941A NO 871941 A NO871941 A NO 871941A NO 169596 B NO169596 B NO 169596B
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Norway
Prior art keywords
seat
blocking body
housing
valve according
section
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NO871941A
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English (en)
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NO169596C (no
NO871941D0 (no
NO871941L (no
Inventor
Elina Sandberg
Rolf Skoeld
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Berol Suisse Sa
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Publication of NO871941L publication Critical patent/NO871941L/no
Publication of NO169596B publication Critical patent/NO169596B/no
Publication of NO169596C publication Critical patent/NO169596C/no

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Abstract

Mekanisk bearbeidelse av aluminium eller aluminlum-legeringer utføres i nærvær av et vannbasert avkjø-lende smøremiddel som har form av en stabil oppløs-ning og inneholder som smørende og korrosjonshemmende midler en kombinasjon av (a) en karboksylforbindelse med en hydrofob gruppe på 7-14 kabonatomer og (b) et tertiært alkylalkanolamin med en molekylvekt på mindre enn 300.Mengdene av karboksylforbindelse og det tertiære alkylalkanolamin er valgt slik at et base/syreekvi-valentforhold mellom alkanolaminet og karboksylforbindelsen er mindre enn 1,0. Et konsentrat som etter fortynning med vann kan brukes som et avkjølende smøremiddel er også beskrevet.

Description

Sperreinnretning for luftkanaler i luftvernbygninger.
Denne oppfinnelse vedrører en sperreinnretning for luftkanaler i luftvernbygninger.
For å hindre inntrengning av forpestet luft eller luft som inneholder radioaktivt støv i beskyttelsesrom, er det nødven-dig å opprettholde i rommet et trykk som er høyere enn atmosfære-trykket slik at luft utenfra ikke kan trenge inn i beskyttelses-rommet eller tilfluktsrommet. I mindre verneanlegg er det vanlig ikke å føre den forbrukte luft tilbake til luftoppberedningsanlegg, men å fjerne den direkte gjennom uttaksluker til den ytre atmosfære. Disse uttaksluker har som oppgave å holde eller opprettholde et bestemt overtrykk i tilfluktsrommet. Hvis overtrykket ikke oppnås, vil uttaksluken stenges. Hvis derimot trykket overskrides, vil uttakslukens klaff åpnes og den oppbrukte luft vil strømme ut. Videre har slike luker som oppgave å beskytte utløpsåpningen for luften mot trykkbølger i den ytre atmosfære og stenge åpningen i tilfelle av en slik trykkbølge og beskytte menneskene som befinner seg i tilfluktsrommet mot de skadelige følger av et slikt trykkbølgestøt.
For å løse den nevnte oppgave har man allerede foreslått forskjellige lukeklaffkonstruksjoner som betegnes som kombinerte overtrykk- og stengeklaffer. En ulempe som er felles for de kjen-te konstruksjoner er at de ved innbygning i en luftekanal bare frigjør en del av kanaltverrsnittet som fritt gjennomstrømnings-tverrsnitt og derfor for en forutbestemt luftmengde betinger et forholdsvis stort kanaltverrsnitt hhv. gjennombrudd i murverket, hvilket er særlig uønskelig av bygningsstatiske grunner ved slike vern- eller tilfluktskonstruksjoner. Klaffene trenger derimot en forholdsvis stor åpningsvinkel for en gitt klaffstørrelse, slik at den nødvendige luftmengde skal kunne passere. Ulempen er imid-lertid en forholdsvis lang stengetid i tilfelle av eksplosjon e.l.
Det er tidligere kjent å anordne en sperreklaff med sperrelegemet ved føringsledd forbundet med huset. Føringsledde-nes oppgave er å sikre et bedre anlegg mellom klafflegemet og se-teplanet i stengestillingen, mens åpne- hhv. stengebevegelsen skjer som en svingebevegelse.
Man har også tidligere foreslått sperreventiler for luft-tilførsels- og bortførselskanaler i luftvernbygninger, med en setedel som inneholder luftgjennomløp og et sperrelegeme som over i det minste to styreledd er forbundet med setedelen og tvangsføres omtrent parallelt mellom en åpen stilling og en sperrestilling. Sperreventilen ifølge oppfinnelsen er av den sistnevnte type og hensikten er å skaffe en ventil med størst mulig åpning uten at ventilen er beheftet med de ovenfor nevnte ulemper. Sperreventilen ifølge oppfinnelsen utmerker seg i det vesentlige ved at fø-ringsleddene er rettlinjede og løper bare på en side av sperrelegemet både i åpen stilling og i sperrestilling og at seteflatene er dannet ved et hus i hvis indre føringsleddene er anordnet. An-dre særtrekk fremgår av underkravene.
Oppfinnelsen skal forklares nærmere ved hjelp av et ek-sempel under henvisning til tegningen, hvor:
Fig. 1 viser et vertikalsnitt gjennom en overtrykksven-til, fig. 2 et horisontalsnitt langs linjen II-II på fig. 1, fig. 3 er et delriss i retning av pilen III på fig. 2, og fig. 4 viser en del av en eksplosjonsverneventil i snitt som svarer til snittet på fig. 1.
Med 2 og" 4 er på fig. 1 til 3 betegnet to med hverandre forbundne og identiske, avlange hushalvdeler med rektangulært tverrsnitt som sammen begrenser et stort sett sylindrisk innerrom 6. Hver hushalvdel har en rektangulær gjennomløpsåpning. Åpningen i halvdelen 2 er betegnet med 8 og i halvdelen 4 med 10. I gjennomløpsåpningene finnes seteflater 12 og 14 som i tverrsnitt danner halvovale utbuktninger i det sylindriske innerrom 6 og som på alle fire sider begrenser gjennomløpsåpningene 8 og 10. Som det fremgår av fig. 1, er de i parallelle plan beliggende gjennom-løpsåpninger 8 og 10 forskjøvet i forhold til hverandre i hushalv-delenes lengderetning. Denne forskyvning fåes i tilfelle av identiske hushalvdeler ved at den ene halvdel dreies 180° i forhold til den annen og med en horisontal akse som ligger i figurens plan.
Gjennom gjennomløpsåpningen 10 i hushalvdelen 4 er ført to innbyrdes parallelle bolter 16 som forløper på tvers av hus-halvdelens lengderetning og ligger i et plan som er parallelt med gjennomløpsplanet og som er dreibart lagret i hushalvdelen. Med hver bolt 16 er dreiefast forbundet et føringsledd 18 som ved sin frie ende er utført gaffelformet og ved hjelp av en tapp 20 er leddbart forbundet med en lask 22 på et sperrelegemé 24. Førings-leddene 18 er like lange og avstanden mellom tappenes 20 akser svarer til avstanden mellom boltenes 16 akser. På hvert førings-ledd 18 er festet en S-formet bladfjær 26. Som feste tjener en nagle 28 anbragt i nærheten av tappen 20.
Ved hjelp av den forklarte anordning og utforming av led-dene 18 kan det som et flatt ovalt rør (fig. 2) formede sperrelegemé 24 beveges i huset og føres parallelt med seteflatene 12 og 14. Sperrelegemet utgjør derfor selv en del av en parallellogram-føring i huset.
Ifølge fig. 1 og i den med heltrukne linjer viste stilling ligger sperrelegemet 24 som følge av sin egen vekt og vekten av føringsleddene 18 an mot aeteflaten 12. Derved sperrer sperrelegemet 24 den gjennomløpsåpning 8 som vender mot tilfluktsrommet (ikke vist). Hvis det opptrer et overtrykk i tilfluktsrommet som overskrider en bestemt verdi, vil sperrelegemet 24 løftes mot sin egenvektsvirkning fra seteflaten 12 og frigir derved langsomt,
men på alle sider jevnt gjennomløpsåpningen 8. Når sperrelegemet 24 befinner seg i den med prikkstrekede linjer på fig. 1 viste mellomstilling, kommer bladfjærer 26 på sperrelegemet 24 til anlegg og hindrer at sperrelegemet fjernes ytterligere fra seteflaten 12 under innvirkning av et for stort overtrykk i tilfluktsrommet som gjør seg gjeldende en stund.
Hvis det opptrer et trykkstøt i uteatmosfæren som gjennom åpningen 10 forplanter seg inn i det sylindriske innerrom 6, påvirkes sperrelegemet 24 i stengeretning mot gjennomløpsåpningen 8 og kommer til anlegg med seteflaten 12 idet føringsleddene 18 svinges om. Derved sperres tilfluktsrommet mot den ytre atmosfære.
Hvis et trykkstøt skal forårsake et sugestøt i atmosfæ-ren, vil sperrelegemet 24 mot sin egen vekt og mot bladfjærenes 26 virkning beveges utover sin mellomstilling og komme til anlegg med seteflaten 14. Derved sperres gjennomløpsåpningen 10 og tilfluktsrommet beskyttes mot undertrykk. Så snart normalt trykk har inn-stilt seg i den ytre atmosfære, føres sperrelegemet som følge av bladfjærenes 26 virkning og egenvektens virkning til den stilling som svarer til trykket som er tilstede i tilfluktsrommet.
Den forklarte konstruksjon er særlig og vesentlig fordelaktig ved at klaffens åpningsbevegelse bevirker konstant og ubety-delig trykkfall over et vidt område, mens volumet av luften som skal fjernes øker. Først etter at fjærene kommer til virkning etter at sperrelegemets midtstilling er passert, begynner trykkfallet å øke. Denne åpningskarakteristikk er selvfølgelig særlig viktig i de tilfelle hvor utluftningen eller lufttilførselen i tilfluktsrommet foregår ved hjelp av en hånddreven vifte. Det brede område for konstant trykkfall tillater dessuten at både mindre luftmengder som er aktuelle for såkalt filterdrift og større luftmengder som er aktuelle for såkalt friskluftdrift, ligger innenfor nevnte område slik at samme overtrykk kan opprettholdes i tilfluktsrommet for begge luftmengder.
Som vist på fig. 4 kan sperreinnretningen ifølge fig. 1 til 3 også benyttes i en stilling som er snudd 180° i forhold til den ovenfor forklarte, nemlig om en akse som er perpendikulær på tegningens plan.
I dette tilfelle ligger sperrelegemet 24' med sin egen vekt an mot fjærene 26' slik at sperrelegemet forblir i den med heltrukne linjer viste midtstilling. I tilfelle av et trykkstøt i den ytre atmosfære forskyves sperrelegemet 24' mot seteflaten 14' og gjennomløpsåpningen 10' som vender mot tilfluktsrommet sperres. Hvis en sugebølge eller undertrykksbølge opptrer i den ytre atmosfære, sperres åpningen 8'. I det første tilfelle skjer bevegelsen av sperrelegemet fra stengestillingen som følge av bladfjærenes virkning, mens i det annet tilfelle er det sperrelegemets egen vekt som bevirker bevegelsen, slik at sperrelegemet alltid vil innta sin midtstilling igjen.
Gjennomløpsåpningenes 8 og 10 innløpskanter er fortrinns-vis avrundede etter aerodynamiske prinsipper.
Den forklarte sperreinnretning er meget fordelaktig ved at den er lett å fremstille og som forklart universalt anvendelig. De bevegelige deler er meget enkelt utformet og faren for fast-klemning er unngått ved hjelp av parallellogramføringen.
Skulle det på grunn av større luftmengder være nødvendig å anvende flere sperreinnretninger, kan dette gjøres plassbespa-rende fordi sperreinnretningens hus har rektangulær form og flere hus kan anbringes side mot side.
Mens sperreinnretningen ifølge fig. 1-3 er bestemt til
å bygges inn i uttaksluftkanalen, er sperreinnretningen ifølge fig." 4 bestemt til å bygges inn i innløpskanalen for tilførsel av uteluft.
På fig. 1 og 4 er den side av huset som skal vende mot tilfluktsrommet betegnet med S.

Claims (6)

1. Sperreventil for lufttilførsels- og bortførselskanaler i luftvernbygninger, med en setedel som inneholder luftgjennomløp og et sperrelegeme som over i det minste to styreledd er forbundet med setedelen og tvangsføres omtrent parallelt mellom en åpen stilling og en sperrestilling, karakterisert ved at føringsleddene (18) er rettlinjede og løper bare på en side av sperrelegemet (24) både i åpen stilling og i sperrestilling og at seteflåtene (12,14) er dannet ved et hus (2,4) i hvis indre (6) føringsleddene er anordnet.
2. Ventil ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at setet (12,14) er avlangt og har et konstant tverrsnitt over sin lengde og at sperrelegemet består av et rør (24) hvis tverrsnitt er tilpasset seteflåtene.
3. Ventil ifølge krav 1 eller 2, hvor huset er utformet med to gjennomløpsåpninger, karakterisert ved at disse gjennomløpsåpninger (8,10) er innbyrdes forskjøvet i en retning parallelt med sperrelegemet, hvor forskyvningens utstrekning svarer til utstrekningen av sperrelegemets bevegelseskomponent som forløper parallelt med seteflåtene mellom de to stengestillinger.
4. Ventil ifølge krav 1, 2 eller 3, karakterisert ved at hvert av de to føringsledd (18) er tilordnet en fjær (26) som i en stilling med maksimalt gjennomløpstverrsnitt ligger an mot sperrelegemet for å motvirke bevegelsen av samme mot en forutbestemt av de to stengestillinger.
5. Ventil ifølge krav 2, 3 eller 4, karakterisert ved at røret har flatt ovalt tverrsnitt.
6. Ventil ifølge et eller flere av de foregående krav, karakterisert ved at huset er rektangulært og avlangt og at åpningene som er begrenset ved seteflatene er anordnet på husets langsider.
NO871941A 1986-05-13 1987-05-11 Fremgangsmaate ved mekanisk bearbeidelse av aluminiumlegeringer og konsentrat for bruk ved fremgangsmaaten NO169596C (no)

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EP0252534A1 (en) 1988-01-13
EP0252533A1 (en) 1988-01-13
SE452627B (sv) 1987-12-07
NO169597B (no) 1992-04-06
CA1285263C (en) 1991-06-25
ATE56041T1 (de) 1990-09-15
US4828737A (en) 1989-05-09
CN87103471A (zh) 1988-02-03
GR3001111T3 (en) 1992-05-12
AU588687B2 (en) 1989-09-21
AU7273587A (en) 1987-11-19
NO871942L (no) 1987-11-16
KR870011234A (ko) 1987-12-21
CA1285548C (en) 1991-07-02
NO169597C (no) 1992-07-15
NO169596C (no) 1992-07-15
NO871941D0 (no) 1987-05-11
JPS62288693A (ja) 1987-12-15
AU7273487A (en) 1987-11-19
CN1010692B (zh) 1990-12-05
JPS62277495A (ja) 1987-12-02
EP0252534B1 (en) 1990-08-29
CN87103469A (zh) 1988-03-09
ATE56040T1 (de) 1990-09-15
AU588686B2 (en) 1989-09-21
US4828736A (en) 1989-05-09
EP0252533B1 (en) 1990-08-29
CN1010693B (zh) 1990-12-05
DE3764560D1 (de) 1990-10-04
DE3764561D1 (de) 1990-10-04
NO871942D0 (no) 1987-05-11
KR870011233A (ko) 1987-12-21
ES2018006B3 (es) 1991-03-16
GR3001112T3 (en) 1992-05-12
SE8602236D0 (sv) 1986-05-13
ES2018005B3 (es) 1991-03-16
NO871941L (no) 1987-11-16

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