NO124872B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO124872B NO124872B NO3598/69A NO359869A NO124872B NO 124872 B NO124872 B NO 124872B NO 3598/69 A NO3598/69 A NO 3598/69A NO 359869 A NO359869 A NO 359869A NO 124872 B NO124872 B NO 124872B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- diffusion
- medium
- glass
- ions
- bath
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 vitro-crystalline Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 20
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910001419 rubidium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052664 nepheline Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010434 nepheline Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004127 vitreous body Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical group [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTHYXYOJKHGZJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium nitrate Inorganic materials [Rb+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O RTHYXYOJKHGZJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- KHAUBYTYGDOYRU-IRXASZMISA-N trospectomycin Chemical compound CN[C@H]([C@H]1O2)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](NC)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@]2(O)C(=O)C[C@@H](CCCC)O1 KHAUBYTYGDOYRU-IRXASZMISA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B27/00—Tempering or quenching glass products
- C03B27/04—Tempering or quenching glass products using gas
- C03B27/0413—Stresses, e.g. patterns, values or formulae for flat or bent glass sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B27/00—Tempering or quenching glass products
- C03B27/02—Tempering or quenching glass products using liquid
- C03B27/03—Tempering or quenching glass products using liquid the liquid being a molten metal or a molten salt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B27/00—Tempering or quenching glass products
- C03B27/02—Tempering or quenching glass products using liquid
- C03B27/03—Tempering or quenching glass products using liquid the liquid being a molten metal or a molten salt
- C03B27/035—Tempering or quenching glass products using liquid the liquid being a molten metal or a molten salt the liquid being sprayed on the object
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B27/00—Tempering or quenching glass products
- C03B27/04—Tempering or quenching glass products using gas
- C03B27/052—Tempering or quenching glass products using gas for flat or bent glass sheets being in a vertical position
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C21/00—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C21/00—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface
- C03C21/001—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions
- C03C21/002—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions to perform ion-exchange between alkali ions
- C03C21/003—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions to perform ion-exchange between alkali ions under application of an electrical potential difference
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| LU56873 | 1968-09-12 | ||
| GB4089269A GB1274733A (en) | 1969-08-15 | 1969-08-15 | Process for modifying glass and other articles |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO124872B true NO124872B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1972-06-19 |
Family
ID=26264531
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO3598/69A NO124872B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1968-09-12 | 1969-09-09 |
Country Status (16)
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6516634B1 (en) * | 1999-02-12 | 2003-02-11 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Strengthening, crack arrest and multiple cracking in brittle materials using residual stresses |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1306325A (fr) * | 1960-11-15 | 1962-10-13 | Research Corp | Procédé de traitement du verre |
| FR1418380A (fr) * | 1963-12-04 | 1965-11-19 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Procédé de traitement du verre |
| BE674212A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) * | 1964-12-23 |
-
1969
- 1969-09-02 CH CH1327569A patent/CH518243A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1969-09-08 BE BE738528D patent/BE738528A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1969-09-08 FR FR6930520A patent/FR2017881A1/fr active Granted
- 1969-09-09 NO NO3598/69A patent/NO124872B/no unknown
- 1969-09-09 FI FI692582A patent/FI50873C/fi active
- 1969-09-09 DK DK482869AA patent/DK141331B/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1969-09-11 YU YU2326/69A patent/YU32899B/xx unknown
- 1969-09-12 PL PL1969135798A patent/PL82715B1/pl unknown
- 1969-09-12 DE DE1946352A patent/DE1946352C3/de not_active Expired
- 1969-09-12 ES ES371481A patent/ES371481A1/es not_active Expired
- 1969-09-12 CS CS6219A patent/CS167257B2/cs unknown
- 1969-09-12 IL IL32991A patent/IL32991A/xx unknown
- 1969-09-12 NL NL6913964.A patent/NL167403C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1969-09-12 BG BG013009A patent/BG17288A3/xx unknown
- 1969-09-12 CA CA061,920A patent/CA946159A/en not_active Expired
- 1969-10-09 SE SE12433/69A patent/SE356957B/xx unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BG17288A3 (bg) | 1973-07-25 |
| DE1946352B2 (de) | 1978-06-15 |
| DE1946352A1 (de) | 1970-08-27 |
| SE356957B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1973-06-12 |
| CA946159A (en) | 1974-04-30 |
| NL167403C (nl) | 1981-12-16 |
| FR2017881B1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1973-10-19 |
| IL32991A0 (en) | 1969-11-30 |
| NL6913964A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1970-03-16 |
| IL32991A (en) | 1973-05-31 |
| FI50873C (fi) | 1976-08-10 |
| FR2017881A1 (en) | 1970-05-22 |
| DE1946352C3 (de) | 1979-06-13 |
| DK141331B (da) | 1980-02-25 |
| NL167403B (nl) | 1981-07-16 |
| CS167257B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1976-04-29 |
| BE738528A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1970-03-09 |
| ES371481A1 (es) | 1971-10-16 |
| CH518243A (fr) | 1972-01-31 |
| YU32899B (en) | 1975-10-31 |
| PL82715B1 (en) | 1975-10-31 |
| YU232669A (en) | 1975-04-30 |
| FI50873B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1976-04-30 |
| DK141331C (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1980-09-15 |
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