NL2027240B1 - Topdressing-free special fertilizer for corn under no-tillage and preparation method therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of agricultural planting, in particular to a topdressing-free special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer suitable for corn under no-tillage and a preparation method therefor, which is characterized in that biosurfactants are applied to chemical fertilizers in the following parts by weight: 73.8-84.6 parts of chemical fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers), 0-8 parts of biochar, 0-lO.l parts of wormcast‚ 6-8 parts of clay, and 0.05-0.3 parts of biosurfactants (dry basis). The compound fertilizer can meet the needs of corn growth without topdressing, promote early seedling emergence by 2-3 days, regulate plant growth and strong seedlings, inhibit the survival and reproduction of harmful microorganisms while enhancing drug resistance of seedlings, alleviate and gradually eliminate soil-bome diseases and insect pests as well as continuous cropping obstacles, and improve the yield and quality of corn under straw mulching, minimum tillage and no-tillage.

Description

Description TOPDRESSING-FREE SPECIAL FERTILIZER FOR CORN UNDER NO-TILLAGE AND

PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR Technical Field The present invention relates to the technical field of corn planting, in particular to a topdressing-free special fertilizer for corn under no-tillage and a preparation method therefor. Background Adding organic materials to the soil to increase the content of soil organic matter can improve the soil and promote crop growth, and can solve a number of problems caused by that plant nutrition needs are maintained excessively and solely by inputting chemical fertilizers for a long term without returning organic materials to the soil in the current agricultural production, such as soil organic matter content reduction, topsoil shallowing, granular structure destruction, soil compaction, soil hardening, farmland adversity resistance declination, significant edaphon reduction, inability of water to penetrate deep into the soil, severe surface runoff, severe land erosion, serious imbalance of water, fertilizer, gas and heat of cultivated land and ecological environment deterioration. Compared with a number of organic materials that can be returned to the field, farm straw returned to the field has incomparable advantages: a good source is provided for straw processing, a large amount of straw is scientifically and effectively used to improve soil fertility, the demands on nutriment kinds of crops are better met, fertilizer input is reduced, and the demands on pollution-free and green food is met to a certain extent. Minimum tillage and no-tillage combined with straw mulching is a way of returning straw to the field, and a new special fertilizer need to be developed in response to the problem that potential risks of certain diseases and insect pests will occur on corn under straw mulching, minimum tillage and no-tillage in order to obtain greater benefits. Introduction of biosurfactants into a compound fertilizer can effectively solve the above problem and help chemical fertilizers have a lower agglomeration rate and a higher looseness so as to improve the agglomeration problem, make the fertilizers have high quality and high efficiency, and directly enhance the growth and yield of crops.

Biosurfactants have broad-spectrum antibacterial activities and excellent characteristics such as emulsification, dispersion and solubilization. Lipotropy performance of biosurfactants is beneficial to carrying nutrient ions into the roots of crops; has the effect of resisting bacteria and preventing crop diseases; can reduce crop diseases caused by crop pathogenic bacteria, enhance adversity resistance and disease resistance of crops, and reduce the disease index of crops in successive cropping; and can greatly alleviate continuous cropping obstacles when applied in successive years. Good emulsification performance and unique plant cell affinity will increase the efficiency of pesticides, reduce the consumption of pesticides, and increase yield and efficiency, so a biosurfactant is a new type of bactericide with ecological and biological safety, and is in line with the development of green ecological agriculture. At the same time, biosurfactants are produced by microbial metabolism. Such substances can form a coating layer or microcapsule layer on the surface of a fertilizer to make the fertilizer slowly released, so as to increase the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer; and such substances can also improve the physical and chemical properties of chemical fertilizers, and reduce the problems in compound fertilizer production, such as excessive powder or large balls, low balling rate, non-circular granules, low strength, moisture absorption and agglomeration. Biosurfactants are less affected by extreme temperature, pH, salinity and other conditions, and can adapt to different types of soil after being applied to fertilizers. Biosurfactants are degradable, have low toxicity and relatively high compatibility with the environment and organisms, will be eventually used as nutrients by plants and soil microorganisms, and will leave no residues in the soil after plant growth is ended. Compared with the current oil-soluble anti-caking agents sold on the domestic market, which have the problems such as that the consumption and cost are high, and the products formed by the degradation of ammonium salt surfactants in the soil contain the carcinogenic substance of nitrite and will cause pollution to the soil, water and crops, the biosurfactants produced by a microbial fermentation method has greater advantages. The structure of a biosurfactant contains carboxyl groups that can neutralize and improve alkaline soil, and the degradation process thereof is also a metabolic process of microorganisms in crop soil, which can not only enhance the biological vitality of the soil, but also play an important role in improving soil compaction.

Biosurfactants are of various kinds, and sophorolipid, rhamnolipid and lipopeptid are used and added to the compound fertilizer 1n the present invention. Rhamnolipid 1s mainly produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.a), and is formed by two rhamnose linked to 1-2 B-hydroxydecanoic acid. Rhamnolipid has good antagonistic effect to fungi such as Fusarium moniliforme and sugarcane red rot; can induce cell lipid bilayer membranes to form pores and ion channels, destroy the integrity of the membranes and lead to cell death; and can also inhibit diseases and insect pests, increase leaf wettability, improve composting efficiency and kill mosquito pupae. Surfactants produced by Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens can inhibit a variety of crop diseases such as Aspergillus flavus, gray mold, cucumber fusarium wilt and tomato bacterial wilt. The glycolipid of rhamnolipid itself has an inherent insecticidal effect, which is beneficial to returning straw to the field for planting. Sophorolipid is mainly produced by Zorulopsis sp such as Torulopsis bombicola and Ioluropsis petrophilum, and is formed by a disaccharide linked to a hydroxy fatty acid. Sophorolipid can effectively induce the synthesis of cellulase, which is beneficial to the decomposition of straw. Lipopeptid is mainly derived from the genera of Bacillus, Streptomycin, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Aspergillus and Actinoplanes. Bacteria, cyanobacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi can all produce lipopeptid. Lipopeptid, also known as fatty acyl peptide, belongs to amino acid-containing lipids, and is of various kinds, such as surfactin family, iturin family and fengycin family. Lipopeptid can kill pathogens directly or indirectly, and can be used as an "antagonist" or "killer" to inhibit the growth of plant pathogens, as an "expander" to promote the colonization of plant roots, and as an "immunologic stimulant" to enhance the resistance potential of a host. Lipopeptid can prevent soft rot of Chinese cabbage and sclerotinia stem rot of rape, and has a good preventive effect on dead seedlings, verticillium wilt, scab, root rot and other soil-borne diseases that often occur in areas with serious soil-borne diseases. Biosurfactants are generally hybrid-structure products. Except for those purified for use in reagents, very few single-structure products usually exist; and due to the uncertainty of a fermentation process, the composition of each batch of products will be slightly different.

The fertilization technology of conventional and traditional corn planting is mostly to apply seed fertilizer at sowing combined with intertillage and topdressing (such as urea) before jointing, which has the problems such as large loss of chemical fertilizers, low utilization rate in current season, eutrophication of groundwater, above-norm nitrate nitrogen in vegetables, and increased nitrous oxide emission. At the same time, in recent years, rural labor force has moved to cities, and the traditional topdressing production management mode is time-consuming and laborious, which is hard to implement. An effective means to alleviate the above two kinds of problems is to prepare a slow-release and controlled-release topdressing-free fertilizer. A common measure is to add a urease inhibitor, a nitrification inhibitor, or a combination of the two in an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer to play a synergistic effect on the biochemical transformation process of soil nitrogen, or use a special material to form a membrane outside a chemical fertilizer. Researchers have carried out a large amount of screening of urease inhibitors, nitrification inhibitors and membrane materials, and the problem of different application effects in different types of soil still exists. Biochar and wormcast prepared from farmland organic waste are added to the compound fertilizer, wherein active groups have a strong adsorption and chelating ability for fertilizer nutrients, so that the adsorbed and chelated nutrients are slowly released, the fixed loss and leaching loss thereof in the soil are reduced, the absorption rate thereof by crops is increased, the effects of the urease inhibitor and the nitrification inhibitor are played, the utilization rate of the fertilizer 1s increased, the fertilizer effect is prolonged, and the effects can be exerted on almost all types of soil. In addition, the biochar and wormcast can increase organic matter content, and improve the porosity, density, water retention performance, buffer performance and other characteristics of the soil, which have been applied in previous fertilizer research.

To sum up, the integrated application of the microbial surfactants of sophorolipid, rhamnolipid and lipopeptid as well as biochar and wormcast to fertilizers for corn under minimum tillage and no-tillage in straw mulching mode will not only stabilize yield and increase yield, prevent potential diseases and insect pests, and alleviate or eliminate diseases and insect pests, but also improve the quality of crops and the soil.

Summary Purpose of the Present Invention: The basic requirements for providing a topdressing-free special fertilizer for corn under straw mulching, minimum tillage and no-tillage are: reasonable nutrient proportion, slow nutrient release, prolonged fertilizer effect which satisfies the nutrient demands of corn throughout the growth stage, ability to stabilize or even increase yield, and easy use which can realize mechanized fertilization. The present invention is realized on the bases of: 1. improving utilization rate of fertilizer, reducing fertilizer loss, and being environmentally friendly;

2. promoting the formation of a healthy soil biological chain, creating a good underground ecological environment for plant growth, preventing potential diseases and insect pests of corn under straw mulching, minimum tillage and no-tillage or alleviating the problem of disease and insect pest derivation, alleviating and gradually eliminating soil-borne diseases and insect pests, reducing the consumption chemical fertilizers and pesticides year by year, and improving the quality of agricultural products; 3. maintaining the sustainable utilization of the soil and improving the soil, enhancing the air permeability, water permeability and water retention performance of the soil, promoting soil granulation, reducing soil and water loss, soil compaction and other problems, and further improving the fertility of the soil.

The present invention has the following technical solution: A topdressing-free special fertilizer for corn under no-tillage, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 73.8-84.6 parts of chemical fertilizers, 0-8 parts of biochar, 0-10.1 parts of wormcast, 0.05-0.3 parts of biosurfactants, and 6-8 parts of clay (dry basis).

The biosurfactants comprise one or a combination of two or three of rhamnolipid, sophorolipid and lipopeptid, and the total amount accounts for 0.05%-0.3% (dry basis) of the mass of the special fertilizer.

The rhamnolipid, sophorolipid and lipopeptid are of various types, which are produced by microbial metabolism, and are generally composed of mixtures. The biosurfactants used in the present invention are purchased from Seebio Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. The chemical fertilizers are nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer; the ratio of the three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is: 5 22%-24%:8%-10%:8%-10%, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the phosphorus fertilizer is diammonium phosphate, and potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride; and the masses of urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium chloride are calculated according to the weight percentage and element content in commodities respectively to be 41.0%-43.7%, 17.4%-21.7% and

15.4%-19.2% (dry basis).

The chemical fertilizers, wormcast, biochar and clay are crushed and mixed, and the crushing meshes are: chemical fertilizers (<50 meshes), wormcast (<50 meshes), biochar (<50 meshes), and clay (£100 meshes); the raw materials are mixed (in a mixer, and mixed evenly (for 6-8 minutes)) and put into a disk or drum granulator to form a semi-finished product (0.05-4.5 mm); then one or more of the biosurfactants of sophorolipid, rhamnolipid and lipopeptid are added to the semi-finished product in a proportion of 0.05%-0.3% to continue to be granulated in the granulator, by evenly wrapped on the surface of the granules of the compound fertilizer, and produce a granular (1-5 mm) topdressing-free special fertilizer for corn under no-tillage along with the rotation of the granulator.

A high-tower granulation system addition method can also be used, that is, biosurfactants and organic materials are added before granulation is completed, and then a tower is used for granulation, which is opened and closed instantly.

After granulation is completed, the granules are sent to a drum dryer to be dried until the moisture content is below 10% (the drying temperature is generally <120°C), cooled, sieved and packaged.

In the compound fertilizer of the present invention and the preparation method therefor, biosurfactants of different qualities can be selected according to a user's own conditions and requirements.

The uniqueness of the present invention lies in the applicability to planting under straw mulching, minimum tillage and no-tillage. Compared with the conventional special compound fertilizer for corn with the same nutrient ratio and content, the present invention has the advantages of higher nutrient utilization rate, better fertilizer saving, longer fertilizer effect period, and ability to guarantee yield, increase yield and reduce environmental pollution risks on the basis of negative growth of chemical fertilizers. The special fertilizer of the present invention has a simple preparation process, which can be produced on an original compound fertilizer production line without the need of changing the original compound fertilizer production process or adding new auxiliary equipment investment. At the same time, the special compound fertilizer has the dual effects of slow release and controlled release of a long-acting compound fertilizer, can reduce the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers; can assist nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to exert greater fertilizer effect and increase the utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus by more than 10%-15%; can prolong the fertilizer effect period of nitrogen fertilizer to meet the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium quantity and ratio in the growth period of corn; and has the ability to resist drought, preserve soil moisture, increase ground temperature, loose soil to alleviate compaction, enhance water permeability, water retention performance and air permeability, increase soil pH to slow down the tendency of soil acidification due to application of a single chemical fertilizer, promote soil granulation, alleviate or solve the problems of low utilization rate of fertilizer, soil compaction and potential diseases, and effectively enhance the effect of no-tillage. The topdressing-free special compound fertilizer for corn under straw mulching, minimum tillage and no-tillage of the present invention is suitable for application as a base fertilizer, can be widely used in various types of soil, and has a broad market prospect and good social and economic benefits. Description of Drawings Fig. 1 is a graph showing the influences on agronomic traits of corn plants in tasseling and filling stages when a chemical fertilizer and a special fertilizer are applied in the conditions of straw mulching and no-tillage. Detailed Description A technical solution of this patent is further described in detail below in combination with specific embodiments. Embodiment 1 This embodiment is a comparison of fertilizer effect test using a control group with the raw materials of: a three-element compound fertilizer and the special fertilizer with a nutrient content of N+ P05 + K2O > 42% and a ratio of N:P20s5:K;0 = 24:10:8. The parts by weight of the raw materials of the special fertilizer of the present invention are:

43.7 parts of urea, 21.7 parts of diammonium phosphate, 15.4 parts of potassium chloride, 5 parts of biochar, 8 parts of wormcast and 6.2 parts of clay.

1.1 Experiment setting and fertilizer preparation: Two treatments include compound fertilizer of conventional chemical fertilizers urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium chloride CF treatment, and topdressing-free special fertilizer for corn under no-tillage NTF treatment. The two kinds of fertilizers contain equal amounts and proportions of NPK.

In the conventional chemical fertilizer treatment, the dosages of urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium chloride are respectively 21.75 kg.667m?, 10.35 kg.667m? and 7.7 kg.667m?, wherein N:P205:K;0 = 24:10:8.

Special fertilizer for no-tillage: the granular chemical fertilizers are crushed to <50 meshes, the clay is crushed to < (less than or equal to) 100 meshes, and the biochar and the wormcast are sieved to <50 meshes. The 43.7 parts of urea, 21.7 parts of diammonium phosphate, 15.4 parts of potassium chloride, 5 parts of biochar, 8 parts of wormcast and 6.2 parts of clay are added into a mixer and mixed evenly (for about 6 minutes), put into drum granulation equipment; 0.1 part of sophorolipid, 0.05 part of rhamnolipid and 0.05 part of lipopeptid are added before granulation, and a granular product is obtained after successful granulation, wherein N:P205:K20 = 24:10:8, and N + P,0s + K20 > 42%. The dosage of the special fertilizer is 50 kg.667m™.

At the end of April 2018, two treatments were arranged in existing straw-mulching no-tillage experimental plots with typical black soil in Jilin province, and each treatment was repeated for 6 times. The area of each plot was 30 m (length) = 6 m (width) = 180 m’. In May 2018, a sowing and fertilizing integrated machine was used to sow corn and apply fertilizers. Fertilizers were applied in a mode of 60% base fertilizer plus 40% topdressing fertilizer, and the amount of the three elements of NPK is the same as that of the special fertilizer. Corn plants were thinned after one month of seedling emergence, and plants with uniform growth conditions were retained. Each treatment adopts a consistent management mode. In tasseling and filling stages, 10 plants were randomly sampled from each plot; plant stem thickness, plant height and stem weight were measured in the tasseling stage, ear weight was measured additionally in the filling stage, and average values were taken. In growth stage, the plants were observed for diseases and insect pests. After harvest, the pH, bulk density, and total carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content of the soil were measured.

1.2 Result analysis:

1.2.1 Agronomic traits of corn plants in tasseling and filling stages In the farming management conditions of straw mulching and no-tillage, the development and growth of crops treated by the topdressing-free special fertilizer for corn under no-tillage were significantly better than that of crops treated by conventional chemical fertilizers, and the differences in plant height, stem thickness and stem dry weight between the special fertilizer treatment and the chemical fertilizer treatment reached a significant level.

The tasseling date of corn treated by the special fertilizer was 2-3 days earlier, and the leaves were dark green.

The roots of the corn plants in the filling stage were significantly more than that of the control group, the number of fine roots was large, the roots were heavier than that of the control group, the plant height, stem thickness, stem dry weight and ear dry weight were significantly greater than those of the chemical fertilizer group, and the ear dry weight of the special fertilizer treatment was increased significantly, as shown in Fig. 1. After autumn harvest, the biomass and yield of the special fertilizer treatment was increased, but the difference was not significant.

The pH of the soil was decreased slightly, the total carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content was increased, but the difference was not significant.

The reason may be that the biomass or yield of the crops were increased by the special fertilizer treatment, thus the absorption and utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus by crops were increased.

It can be seen from the data that the application of the special fertilizer has a certain improvement effect on the physical and chemical properties of the soil, but because the special fertilizer is only applied for one year, the effect has not reached a significant level.

Table 1.1 Influences on Biomass and Yield of Corn and Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil when Chemical Fertilizer and Special Fertilizer are Applied in Conditions of Straw Mulching and No-tillage [Cemeteries Embodiment 2 This embodiment is a comparison of fertilizer effect test using a control group with the raw materials of! a three-element compound fertilizer, a compound fertilizer added with chemical surfactants, and the special fertilizer with a nutrient content of N + P.Os + K;0 > 38% and a ratio of N:P205:K:0 = 22:8:8.

The parts by weight of the raw materials of the special fertilizer are: 41 parts of urea, 17.5 parts of diammonium phosphate, 15 4 parts of potassium chloride, 8 parts of biochar, 10 parts of wormcast and 7.9 parts of clay.

2.1 Treatment setting and fertilizer preparation: A total of three treatments are arranged, which are respectively the topdressing-free special compound fertilizer for corn under no-tillage added with biosurfactants and wormcast NTF, a compound fertilizer added with chemical surfactants CFS, and a conventional three-element chemical fertilizer CF. The three kinds of fertilizers contain equal amounts and proportions of NPK.

Preparation of the topdressing-free special compound fertilizer for corn under no-tillage added with biosurfactants and wormcast: the granular chemical fertilizers are crushed to <50 meshes, the clay is crushed to < (less than or equal to) 100 meshes, and the biochar and the wormcast are sieved to <50 meshes. The 41 parts of urea, 17.5 parts of diammonium phosphate,

15.4 parts of potassium chloride, 8 parts of biochar, 10 parts of wormcast and 7.9 parts of clay are added into a mixer and mixed evenly (for about 6 minutes), put into drum granulation equipment;

0.2 part of a biosurfactant (sophorolipid) is added before granulation, and a granular product which is the fertilizer required for NTF treatment is obtained after successful granulation, wherein N:P:05:K:0 = 22:8:8, and N + P,Os + KoO > 38%.

Preparation of the conventional three-element compound fertilizer: as above, chemical fertilizers and clay are crushed, mixed and granulated; and a granular product required for CF treatment is obtained after successful granulation, wherein N:P205:K:0 = 22:8:8, and N + P,0s + K;0 > 38%.

Preparation of the compound fertilizer added with chemical surfactants: as above, chemical fertilizers, biochar, wormcast and clay are crushed, mixed and granulated; 0.2 part of a chemical surfactant (sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate) is added before granulation; and a granular product which is the fertilizer required for CFS treatment is obtained after successful granulation, wherein N:P:05:K:0 =22:8:8, and N + P,Os + K20 > 38%.

The three treatments all adopt a mode of one-time base fertilizer application. The dosages of the topdressing-free special compound fertilizer for corn under no-tillage NTF treatment and the compound fertilizer added with chemical surfactants CFS treatment are both 50 kg/667m?. In the conventional three-element chemical fertilizer treatment, the dosages of urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium chloride are respectively 20.5 kg/667m?, 8.7 kg/667m?2 and 7.7 kg/667m?*.

2.2 Fertilizer effect test: At the beginning of May 2017, three treatments were arranged in existing straw-mulching no-tillage experimental plots with typical black soil in Jilin province, each treatment was repeated for 6 times, and the area of each plot was 30 m (length) x 6 m (width) = 180 m?. A sowing and fertilizing integrated machine was used to sow corn and apply fertilizers. Corn plants were thinned after one month of seedling emergence, and plants with uniform growth conditions were retained. Each treatment adopts a consistent management mode. In tasseling and filling stages, 10 plants were randomly sampled from each plot; plant stem thickness, plant height and stem weight were measured in the tasseling stage, ear weight was measured additionally in the filling stage, and average values were taken. In growth stage, the plants were visually observed for leaf color as well as diseases and insect pests, and records were made.

2.3 Result analysis:

2.3.1 Agronomic traits of corn plants in tasseling and filling stages The topdressing-free special compound fertilizer for corn under no-tillage had a promoting effect on the development and growth of crops, the growth of corn was significantly better than that of the chemical fertilizer control treatment and the compound fertilizer added with chemical surfactants having the same nutrient content, the difference in plant height was significant, the tasseling date was 1-2 days earlier, the leaves were dark green, and the stem diameter and stem dry weight were greater than those of the chemical fertilizer treatment. The plant stem thickness, stem dry weight and ear dry weight of the special compound fertilizer treatment were significantly greater than those of the chemical fertilizer treatment in filling stage, the ear dry weight of the special compound fertilizer treatment is increased by 15%, the leaf color of corn was relatively dark, and the diseases and insect pests were less than those of the chemical fertilizer treatment. Table 2.1 Influences on Agronemic Traits of Corn when Chemical Fertilizer and Special Fertilizer are Applied in Conditions of Straw Mulching and No-tillage Filling stage Three-elemen | Compoun Special | Three-elemen | Compoun Special t chemical d fertilizer | Compoun t chemical d fertilizer | Compoun fertilizer CF CFS d fertilizer CF CFS d Fertilizer Fertilizer

NTF NTF Plant 1252.37 b 127£1.55b | 134.642.4 | 2523£151b | 254.1£1.05 | 265.1+3.2 height a b a (cm) Stem 1.01+0.03 b 1.05+0.02 | 1.13+0.02 2.27+0.03 b 2.31+0.02 | 2.39+0.04 diameter b a b a cm)

0.13+0.02b D.15+0.03 ab| 0.16£0.01 | 0.25+0.02b | 0.27+0.04 | 0.30£0.01 dry weight kg

Ear dry 0.20001 b 0.21+0.02 | 0.24+0.01 weight ab a

(kg)

Leaf Slightly light Close to | Relatively | Slightly light Close to | Relatively color CF dark CF dark

(visually treatment treatment

)

Diseases Less Less None Less Less None and insect pests

(visually

This patent 1s described in detail in accordance with the above contents with the specific preferred embodiments.

However, this patent is not limited to the embodiments.

Those skilled in the art can make various variations without departing from the spirit of this patent within the range of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art.

Claims (5)

Conclusions 1. Top dressing-free specialty fertilizer for non-tillage maize comprising the following raw materials by weight: 73.8-84.6 parts chemical fertilizers, 0-8 parts biochar, 0-10.1 parts worm heap, 0.05- 0.3 parts biosurfactants, and 6-8 parts clay (dry base). The top dressing-free specialty fertilizer for non-tillage maize according to claim 1, wherein the biosurfactants comprise one or a combination of two or three of rhamnolipid, sophorolipid and lipopeptide, and the total amount is 0.05%-0.3% (dry basis ) of the mass of the special fertilizer. The top dressing-free specialty fertilizer for non-tillage corn according to claim 1, wherein the chemical fertilizers are nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer; wherein the ratio of the three elements is nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium: 22%-24%:8%-10%:8%-10%, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the phosphorus fertilizer is diammonium phosphate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride is; and the masses of urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium chloride are calculated according to the percentage by weight and elemental content in products to be 41.0%-43.7%, 17.4%-21.7% and 15.4%-19.2%, respectively. (dry basis). A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the chemical fertilizers, worm heap, biochar and clay (£100 meshes) are mixed according to the above-mentioned mass parts and are applied in a granulator to form a semi-finished product (0.05-4, 5 mm); then the biosurfactants are ground and mixed; then one or more of the biosurfactants of sophorolipid, rhamnolipid and lipopeptide are added to the semi-finished product in a ratio of 0.05%-0.3% to be further granulated in the granulator and to form a granular (1-5 mm) top dressing -free special fertilizer for maize without producing tillage. The method of claim 4, wherein the crushing meshes are: chemical fertilizers (250 meshes), worm pile (£50 meshes), biochar (£50 meshes), and clay (£100 meshes); the raw materials are mixed and placed in a granulator to form a semi-finished product (0.05-4.5 mm).