NL2022936B1

NL2022936B1 - Device and method for processing corn stover

Info

Publication number: NL2022936B1
Application number: NL2022936A
Authority: NL
Inventors: Liu Lili; Han Xiang; Huang Chuanhui; Zhang Lei; Yang Lijuan
Original assignee: Univ Xuzhou Technology
Priority date: 2018-04-19
Filing date: 2019-04-12
Publication date: 2019-11-25
Also published as: WO2019200717A1; CN108617268B; NL2022936A; CN108617268A

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of mechanical processing to corn stover, in particular to a device and a method for processing corn stover. The device includes a movable chassis for moving in a farmland and a cutting mechanism, a screening mechanism, a crushing mechanism, a returning mechanism, and a briquetting mechanism mounted on the movable chassis. With the cutting mechanism, the screening mechanism, the returning mechanism, and so on, which are configured on the movable chassis, after crushing and screening the corn stover on the farmland, the corn stover segments are returned to the field and packaged. By doing so, the technical problem that there is no device can collect the corn stover and return it to the field at one time in the prior art can be solved.

Description

DESCRIPTION

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PROCESSING CORN STOVER

Technical Field [0001J The present invention relates to the technical field of mechanically processing corn stover, in particular to a device and a method for processing corn stover.

Background [0002| With the improvement of living standards and due to the difficulty of recovering corn stover on farmland, the com stover left after the corn has been harvested is no longer the main material for farmers to warm themselves. With the development of agricultural technology, more and more agricultural workers are aware of the importance of returning com stover to the field. The commonly used returning methods known in the prior art include: 1. returning to the field after burning and 2. direct breaking and mulching. However, the method of burning and returning to the field will adversely affect the environment, and such negative effects are an important cause of haze in autumn and early winter. Moreover, by using the method of direct breaking and mulching, one should consider the amount of stover for returning to the field. Too much stover is a disadvantage for the decay and mineralization of stover, which even affects the emergence or growth of the seedlings and leads to the crop yield reduction. Hence, the corn stover left after the returning to the field needs to be treated again.

[0003] The patent No. 201520602404 discloses a stover processing machine, which includes a cab, a movable vehicle frame, a gearbox configured on the movable vehicle frame, a picking fork, a chopping bed, a crushing mechanism, a transferring mechanism, and a storage bin. The stover or forage material can be picked up by the picking fork. The stover or forage material picked up can be chopped by the chopping bed. The chopped stover or forage material can be crushed by the crushing mechanism. The crushed stover or forage material can be transported to the storage bin by the transferring mechanism. Although in this patent, devices for chopping and crushing the stover are provided, these devices can only collect the com stover and are unable to complete the returning operation. Moreover, in the stover returning to the field, the stover, in turn, should be spread in the farmland, and the operation is complicated.

[0004] Therefore, in view of the above problems, the present invention provides a novel device and a novel method for processing the corn stover.

Summary [0005] An objective of the present invention is to provide a device and a method for processing the corn stover. With the cutting mechanism, the screening mechanism, the returning mechanism, and so on, which are configured on the movable chassis, after crashing and screening the com stover on the farmland, the com stover segments are returned to the field and packaged. By doing so, the technical problem that there is no device to collect the corn stover and return it to the field at one time in the prior art can be solved.

[0006] The objective of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions. A device for processing com stover includes a movable chassis for moving in farmland and the following components mounted on the movable chassis:

a cutting mechanism for cutting corn stover into stover segments;

a screening mechanism configured behind the cutting mechanism for removing com leaves in the stover segments;

a crashing mechanism configured behind the screening mechanism for crashing a part of the stover segments into stover granules and spraying the stover granules to the farmland;

a briquetting mechanism configured behind the screening mechanism for compressing the remaining corn stover segments after being taken by the crashing mechanism into blocks and packaging the blocks; and a returning mechanism configured behind the crashing mechanism for burying the stover granules sprayed to the surface of the ground.

[0007] Further, the cutting mechanism includes a cutting conveyor belt configured on the movable chassis and a cutting table configured at a tail end of the cutting conveyor belt, and the cutting table is provided with a retractable cutting knife.

[0008] Further, the screening mechanism includes a vibration screen and a vibration motor mounted on the vibration screen. A screen mesh is provided at a middle portion of the vibration screen, and the vibration screen is configured under a discharge end of the cutting table. The vibration screen is inclined.

[0009] Further, a first lifting conveyor belt is further provided for lifting the stover segments upwards until above a feeding port of the vibration screen after being cut by the retractable cutting knife.

[0010] Further, a second lifting conveyor belt and a third conveyor belt are configured under a discharge port of the vibration screen. The second lifting conveyor belt is used to convey a part of the stover segments to a feeding port of the crashing mechanism. A feeding end of the third conveyor belt is configured under the second lifting conveyor belt, and the third conveyor belt is used to convey the remaining stover segments, not taken by the second lifting conveyor belt, to the briquetting mechanism.

[0011] Further, the crushing mechanism is a double-geared roller crusher. A feeding port of the crushing mechanism is configured under a discharge end of the second lifting conveyor belt, and a discharge port of the crushing mechanism faces the ground.

[0012] Further, a cloth screen configured under the movable chassis is further provided. A feeding port of the cloth screen is configured under the discharge port of the crushing mechanism, and a discharge port of the cloth screen faces the ground.

[0013] Further, the second lifting conveyor belt includes a second lifting driving roller, a second lifting driven roller, and a second conveyor belt sleeved outside the second lifting driving roller and the second lifting driven roller. The second lifting driving roller and the second lifting driven roller are spaced apart from each other and configured on the movable chassis. The second conveyor belt is provided with a plurality of second blocking ribs at intervals. The second lifting driving roller is connected to an output shaft of a second lifting motor.

[0014] Further, the returning mechanism includes a ditching plow configured behind the discharge port of the crusher and a groove flattener configured behind the ditching plow.

[0015] A method for processing corn stover by using the above-described device for processing corn stover includes using the movable chassis to drive the following structures to move in the farmland and perform the following steps: cutting the corn stover into stover segments by the cutting mechanism;

removing corn leaves in the stover segments by a screening mechanism; crushing a part of the stover segments into stover granules and then spraying the stover granules to the farmland by the crushing mechanism;

compressing the remaining stover segments after being taken by the crushing mechanism into blocks and packaging the blocks by a briquetting mechanism; and burying the stover granules sprayed to the surface of the farmland by the returning mechanism. [0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages.

The device for processing the com stover provided by the present invention includes a movable chassis for moving in farmland and a cutting mechanism, a screening mechanism, a crushing mechanism, a returning mechanism, a briquetting mechanism mounted on the movable chassis. The movable chassis drives all the mechanisms to move in the farmland. The stover is first cut, then screened to remove the corn husk and the corn leaves in the stover. After that, a part of the stover segments are crushed into granules and sprayed to the farmland to be buried for returning to the field. Then, the remaining stover segments are packaged. According to the present invention, the stover is crushed on the farmland, returns to the field, and then is compressed into blocks. These processes are completed at one time, thereby saving the time and reducing the number of times for rolling on the farmland because these operations can be done at one time.

Brief Description of the Drawings [0017] In order to clarify the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings related to the illustration of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some of the embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be derived from these drawings by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts.

[0018] FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram (front view) of a device for processing corn stover according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram (top view) of the device for processing corn stover according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a structural schematic diagram (cross-sectional view) of a vibration screen according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged view of A in Figure 1;

FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged view of B in Figure 1; and

FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the electrical connection of the device for processing com stover according to the present invention.

Detail Description of the Embodiments [0019] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described hereinafter with reference to the drawings. It is obvious that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention rather than all. All other embodiments obtained based on the embodiments of the present invention by those of ordinary skill in the art without any creative efforts should be considered as falling within the scope of the present invention.

[0020] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms such as center, upper, lower, left, right, vertical, horizontal, inside, outside, etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is merely for facilitating the description of the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or must be constructed or operated in a specific orientation. These terms are therefore not to be constated as limiting the present invention. Moreover, the terms such as first, second, and third are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying the relative importance.

[0021] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly defined and limited, the terms such as install, interconnect, and connect should be understood broadly. For example, such terms may refer to a fixed connection, detachable connection, or integral connection. Or, they may refer to a mechanical connection or electrical connection. Also, they may refer to a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or an intercommunication of the two components. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood case by case by those skilled in the art.

[0022] As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the present embodiment provides a device for processing corn stover including movable chassis 1 for moving in farmland and the following components mounted on the movable chassis: cutting mechanism 2 for cutting corn stover into stover segments;

screening mechanism 3 configured behind the cutting mechanism for removing corn leaves in the stover segments;

crushing mechanism 4 configured behind the screening mechanism for crushing a part of the stover segments into stover granules and spraying the stover granules to the farmland;

briquetting mechanism 6 configured behind the screening mechanism for compressing the remaining com stover segments after being taken by the crushing mechanism into blocks and packaging the blocks; and returning mechanism 5 configured behind the crushing mechanism for burying the stover granules sprayed to the surface of the ground.

[0023] The device for processing the com stover provided by the present invention includes a movable chassis for moving in farmland and a cutting mechanism, a screening mechanism, a crushing mechanism, a returning mechanism, a briquetting mechanism mounted on the movable chassis. The movable chassis drives all the mechanisms to move in the farmland. The stover is first cut, then screened to remove the corn husk and the corn leaves in the stover. After that, a part of the stover segments are crushed into granules and sprayed to the farmland to be buried for returning to the field. Then, the remaining stover segments are packaged. According to the present invention, the stover is crushed on the farmland, returns to the field, and then compressed into blocks. These processes are completed at one time, thereby saving the time and reducing the number of times for rolling on the farmland because these operations can be done at one time.

[0024] As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, in the present embodiment, the cutting mechanism includes cutting conveyor belt 21 configured on the movable chassis and cutting table 22 configured at a tail end of the cutting conveyor belt, and the cutting table is provided with retractable cutting knife 221. The cutting table and the retractable cutting knife configured thereon in the present embodiment are both known in art, and the structures and functions thereof are well known, so the details will not be described herein.

[0025] As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2, and FIG. 3, screening mechanism 3 in the present embodiment includes vibration screen 31 and vibration motor 32 mounted on the vibration screen. The vibration screen is provided with screen mesh 311 at the middle portion. The screen mesh divides the inner chamber of the vibration screen into upper husk leaf chamber 312 and lower corn stover segment chamber 313. The vibration screen is configured under the discharge end of the cutting table. The vibration screen is inclined, namely, the left end of the vibration screen is higher than the right end. Discharge port 314 of the vibration screen is configured on the right side wall of the vibration screen.

[0026] As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2 and FIG. 4, the present embodiment further includes first lifting conveyor belt 7 for lifting the stover segments cut by the retractable cutting knife upwards until above the feeding port of the vibration screen. A starting end of the first lifting conveyor belt is placed at a tail end of the cutting conveyor belt, and a tail end of the first lifting conveyor belt is placed above a receiving port of the vibration screen. The first lifting conveyor belt includes two spaced belt rollers 711 configured on the movable chassis and transport belt 712 sleeved outside the two belt rollers. The belt roller on the left side is higher than the belt roller on the right side. One of the belt rollers is connected to the output shaft of belt motor 721. The outer surface of the transport belt is provided with a plurality of first blocking ribs 701 at intervals in a side-by-side manner. The belt motor is mounted on the movable chassis through a holder.

[0027] As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, in the present embodiment, second lifting conveyor belt 8 and third conveyor belt 9 are arranged under the discharge port of the vibration screen. The second lifting conveyor belt is used to convey a part of the stover segments to feeding port 401 of the crushing mechanism. The feeding end of the third conveyor belt (i.e. the left end of the third conveyor belt in the drawing) is configured under the second lifting conveyor belt. The width of a conveying channel of the second lifting conveyor belt is the same as that of the discharge port of the vibration screen and smaller than that of a conveying channel of the third conveyor belt. The third conveyor belt is used to convey the remaining stover segments after being taken by the second lifting conveyor belt to the briquetting mechanism.

[0028] As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, in the present embodiment, the crushing mechanism is a double-geared roller crusher, and feeding port 401 of the crushing mechanism is arranged under the discharge end of the second lifting conveyor belt. The discharge port of the crushing mechanism faces the ground.

[0029] As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the device for processing corn stover provided in this embodiment further includes cloth screen 41 configured below the movable chassis. The feeding port of the cloth screen is configured under the discharge port of the crushing mechanism. The discharge port of the cloth screen faces the ground.

[0030] As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 5, and FIG. 6, second lifting conveyor belt 8 described in the present embodiment includes second lifting driving roller 81 and second lifting driven roller spaced apart from each other and arranged on the movable chassis, and second conveyor belt 83 sleeved outside the second lifting driving roller and the second lifting driven roller. The outer surface of the second conveyor belt is provided with a plurality of second blocking ribs at intervals. The second lifting driving roller is connected to the output shaft of second lifting motor 811. The second lifting motor is mounted on the movable chassis via a holder. In the present embodiment, a controller is further provided. The cloth screen is provided with a mass sensor (the mass sensor is known in the art, so is not shown in the drawing). The mass sensor and the second lifting motor are electrically connected to the controller, respectively. An input module is configured inside the controller. The mass of the corn stover for returning to the field is obtained by calculating according to different area blocks. A preset mass value is input to the controller. The mass sensor senses the amount of com stover granules loaded to the cloth screen in real time and creates a mass value to send to the controller. The controller receives the mass value and compares it with the preset mass value. When the received mass value is greater than the preset mass value, the controller sends a slow-down signal to the second lifting motor to reduce the amount of com stover segments transported to the crushing mechanism by the second lifting driving roller, thereby reducing the amount of stover returning to the field. When the received mass signal is less than the preset mass value, the controller sends a speed-up signal to the second lifting motor to increase the amount of the com stover segments transported to the crushing mechanism by the second lifting driving roller, thereby increasing the amount of stover returning to the field. Therefore, the stover returning to the field is uniformly spread, and the amount of stover returning to the field is automatically and precisely controlled.

[0031] As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the returning mechanism in the present embodiment further includes ditching plow 51 configured behind the discharge port of the crusher and a groove flattener configured behind the ditching plow. The groove flattener includes mounting shaft 521 configured under the movable chassis and two rolling bearings 522 sleeved on the mounting shaft. Both of the rolling bearings are sleeved with horn roller 523, and the openings of the two horn rollers are oppositely arranged.

[0032] The present invention provides a method for processing com stover by using the abovedescribed device for processing corn stover which includes using the movable chassis to drive the following structures to move in the farmland and perform the following steps: cutting the corn stover into stover segments by the cutting mechanism;

compressing the remaining stover segments after being taken by the crushing mechanism into blocks and packaging the blocks by a briquetting mechanism; and burying the stover granules sprayed to the surface of the farmland by the returning mechanism. [0033] The working process of the device for processing corn stover provided in the present embodiment is briefly described below.

As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, in the present embodiment, the front end of the movable chassis is connected to a power traction device. The cutting structure is configured at the front end of the movable chassis. The com stover is placed on the cutting conveyor belt and transported to the cutting table at the tail end of the cutting conveyor belt. The retractable cutting knife cut the corn stover into straw segments, and the stover segments drop onto the first lifting conveyor belt. The first lifting conveyor belt transports the stover segments to the screening mechanism. The screening mechanism screens the stover segments to remove the corn husk and the corn leaves in the stover segments. The stover segments fall down from the discharge port of the vibration screen. The stover segments first fall onto the second lifting conveyor belt, then the second lifting conveyor belt conveys a part of the stover segments to the crushing mechanism. Since the width of the conveying channel of the second lifting conveyor belt is the same as that of the discharge port of the vibration screen, the second lifting conveyor belt can only receive a part of the stover segments, and the remaining stover segments fall onto the third conveyor belt. The remaining stover segments are transported to the briquetting mechanism through the third conveyor belt to get packed by the briquetting mechanism. The stover segments entering the crushing mechanism are crushed, then dropped onto the cloth screen, and uniformly distributed to the farmland surface through the cloth screen. The returning mechanism behind the crushing mechanism buries the stover granules spread on the ground surface of the farmland and ridges the farmland.

[0034] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than limiting the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should be able to understand that the technical solutions recited in the foregoing embodiments may be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and these modifications or substitutions do not depart the essence of the related technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

Conclusions

A device for processing corn stalks, characterized in that the device comprises a movable chassis for moving in an arable land and the following components mounted on the movable chassis:

a cutting mechanism for cutting corn stalks into stalk segments;

a screening mechanism, configured behind the cutting mechanism, for removing corn leaves in the stem segments;

a milling mechanism, configured behind the screening mechanism, for milling a portion of the stem segments into stem grains and spraying the stem grains across the arable land;

a briquetting mechanism, configured behind the screening mechanism, for compressing remaining corn stalk segments after being adopted into blocks by the grinding mechanism and for packaging the blocks; and a return mechanism, configured behind the milling mechanism, for covering the stem grains sprayed over the surface of the soil.

Device for processing corn stalks according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting mechanism comprises a cutting conveyor, configured on the movable chassis, and a cutting table configured at the end of the cutting conveyor, the cutting table being provided with a retractable cutting knife .

A corn stalk processing apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the screening mechanism comprises a vibrating screen and a vibrating motor mounted on the vibrating screen, wherein a screening mesh is provided on the middle part of the vibrating screen, the vibrating screen is configured below discharge end of the cutting table, and the vibrating screen has an inclined surface.

Device for processing corn stalks according to claim 3, characterized in that the device further comprises a first lifting conveyor belt for lifting the stalk segments upwards above a feed port of the vibrating screen after being cut through the retractable cutting knife.

Apparatus for processing corn stalks according to claim 4, characterized in that a second lifting conveyor and a third conveyor are configured under a discharge port of the vibrating screen; the second lifting conveyor belt is used for transferring a portion of the stem segments to a feed port of the grinding mechanism; a supply end of the third conveyor belt is configured under the second lifting conveyor belt; and the third conveyor belt is used to transfer the remaining stem segments, which are not assumed by the second lifting conveyor, to the briquetting mechanism.

A corn stalk processing apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the milling mechanism is a double-speed milling mill; a feed port of the milling mechanism is configured under a discharge end of the second lift conveyor; and a discharge port of the grinding mechanism faces the ground.

Device for processing corn stalks according to claim 6, characterized in that the device further comprises a screen sieve configured under the movable chassis; a feed port of the cloth screen is configured below the discharge port of the grinding mechanism; and a discharge port is directed from the cloth screen to the ground.

An implement for processing corn stalks according to claim 7, characterized in that the second lifting conveyor belt comprises a second lifting drive roller, a second lift driven roller and a second conveyor belt provided with a cover outside the second lifting drive roller and the second lift driven roller, includes; wherein the second lift drive roller and the second lift driven roller are spaced apart and configured on the movable chassis; the second conveyor belt with gaps is provided with a plurality of second blocking ribs; and the second lift drive roller is connected to an output shaft of a second lift motor.

A corn stalk processing apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the return mechanism comprises a plow configured behind the discharge port of the grinding device and a pre-crushing device configured behind the plow.

Device for processing corn stalks by applying the device for processing corn stalks according to claim 1, characterized in that the method uses the movable chassis to drive the following constructions for moving in the arable land and performing the following steps:

cutting the corn stalks into stalk segments by the cutting mechanism;

the removal of corn leaves in the stalk segments by a screening mechanism;

grinding a part of the stem segments into stem grains and then spraying the stem grains over the arable land by the grinding mechanism;

compressing the remaining corn stalk segments after being adopted into blocks by the milling mechanism and packaging the blocks by a briquetting mechanism; and covering the stem grains sprayed over the surface of the arable land by the return mechanism.

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