RU2607333C2 - Method and device for harvesting and three-stage cleaning of topinambour tubers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to agricultural production. Method includes transportation and cleaning of root crops simultaneously with supply of heap in lateral conveyors, cleaning is made by cleaning elements in form of brushes, installed above them. At first stage vibration cleaning is made by cleaning topinambour tubers, cutting of residues of stems and removal of residues of soil. At second stage vibration cleaning of topinambour tubers is made in drum cleaner with spiral screw, vibration brushes and vibration spring with adjustable pitch of spiral. At third stage residues of soil are cleaned out from grooves on topinambour roots by vibration pulsed action of brushes and metal mesh grid. Then cleaned tubers are supplied into outlet branch pipe with stone-caching box with opening front cover in its lower wall. Then tubers are directed to trough-shaped casing via horizontal-inclined conveyor. Device comprises lateral conveyors, cleaning elements in form of brushes, inclined vibration conveyor with sharpened coil type rollers and horizontal rubberized clot-squeezing drums with longitudinal riffles, pointed at angle of no less than 120°, that provides effective cleaning of topinambour, which is then supplied into housing of drum-cleaner with rotating tape spiral-shaped vibration screw installed at angle to horizontal no less than 15° to output of cleaned tubers. To screw shaft, using no more than four flat plates spiral tape is attached, and on its internal plane at least eight vertical cylinder bodies are fixed made in form of plunger pairs with brushes and springs, which are placed diametrically in radii from center of shaft at each step of spiral. Housings with brushes have possibility of rotation in horizontal plane in clockwise direction from 0 to 90° and back, as well as move in vertical plane. Between end walls of drum-cleaner housing vibrating spring is installed with diameter no less than 500 mm, which is made of metal wire with diameter no less than 4 mm. One end of spring is fixed to front end wall of drum-cleaner housing, and its other end is fixed to rockers through rear end wall using horizontal links, which are connected to at least three cylinders to control spiral pitch depending on dimensions of topinambour tubers. At distance of no less than 10 mm, in circle of diameter of vibrating spring on end walls of drum-cleaner no more than six horizontal angles are fixed for installation of metal grid on them. Simultaneous vibration of all said working elements is performed, which is transmitted from corresponding electric drives with frequency control. Then cleaned tubers through outlet branch pipe are supplied in trough-shaped casing with horizontal-inclined conveyor, which is turned by 180° from topinambour tubers path. In conveyor warm heated air is supplied from air-blower operated from solar battery installed on tractor cabin roof, it provides drying of topinambour tubers, which are then supplied into storage bin, and then they are unloaded from it via belt conveyor into separate vehicle. Control system of operation of all mechanisms is performed from microprocessor, installed in tractor cabin.

EFFECT: higher efficiency, operating speed and quality of topinambour tubers cleaning are achieved.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanization of agricultural production, in particular to devices that allow, when harvesting Jerusalem artichoke tubers with the remains of stems by mobile means, to ensure effective cleaning of dirty soil inclusions and plant impurities.

A known method and device for harvesting high-stalked crops, including the stalk mass of Jerusalem artichoke (company prospectus / CAPELLO SrL - Via Valle Ro, 100-12100 CUNEO-Italy, info@capello.it-www.capello.it/2014, 8 pp. )

In the known method, the main part of the stalk mass is mowed with leaves. In this case, well-known combines with brook devices are used, which are equipped with cutting knives in each row of the header and a chopping common drum with screw-shaped knives. The slanted stalk mass is then used for animal feed.

There are also known methods and devices for harvesting potatoes, which ensure the digging of tubers, separation of tubers from tops, their collection in a hopper and then dispensed into vehicles (http: dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/93973/1986).

To implement these methods, potato harvesters are used in two versions - elevator and screen. Accordingly, in the elevator modification, a passive ploughshare cuts the soil layer, and a bar elevator loosens it and sifts the soil. In a screening modification, the ploughshare oscillates with the first screen sieve. An elevator or screen sieve eliminates most of the soil. The mass coming down from the screening organs enters the lump squeezer to destroy the lumps. The crushed soil is sifted on screen sieves. The remaining mass is fed to the bar conveyor of the toppers. Small impurities wake up between the rods of the conveyor, and the tops (with uncut tubers) and plant impurities hang on the rods, and then, when dragging the tops between the rod and the pressure conveyor, the breaker rods tear off the remaining tubers. Then tubers with residues (soil lumps, stolons, stones) are fed by a drum conveyor to the hill, and then poured onto a pick-up conveyor, where workers manually remove impurities from tubers and put them on an impurity conveyor, dumping stones and lumps on the field. The tubers from the pick-up conveyor go to the loading elevator, which feeds them into the storage hopper, which has a movable bottom. After filling the hopper, the tubers are unloaded into the body of a dump truck.

The disadvantages of these methods and devices is the high complexity of the process, low productivity and low operating speed of the mobile means, as well as poor quality cleaning of tubers.

Closest to the proposed invention is a method and device for harvesting, transporting and cleaning root crops (http://www.agroserver./ru/kartofeleuborochnye-kombayny/1990). In the method, at the same time as feeding the heap to the transformers, the tubers are cleaned with cleaning elements installed above them, which are made in the form of horizontally-cylindrical brushes. At the same time, the transporting and cleaning working bodies are placed echeloned inside the machine, therefore, the heap of already peeled tubers lingers for a considerable time on these working bodies

The disadvantage of this method and device is the lack of the required conditions for continuous intensive interaction of tubers with cleaning working bodies and, accordingly, poor quality cleaning of tubers, especially Jerusalem artichoke tubers.

The objective of the invention is to increase productivity, operating speed of the combine and the quality of cleaning tubers of Jerusalem artichoke, which are not traditional, but irregular in shape with outgrowths and tubercles.

As a result of using the proposed method and device for harvesting and three-stage cleaning of Jerusalem artichoke tubers, an increase in labor productivity, a working speed of the combine harvester is achieved and the quality of cleaning Jerusalem artichoke tubers exceeds 98%.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the proposed method of harvesting and three-stage cleaning of Jerusalem artichoke tubers, including transportation and cleaning of root crops, simultaneously with the supply of heaps to the side conveyors, they are cleaned by cleaning elements installed in the form of brushes above them, three-stage cleaning of Jerusalem artichoke tubers is carried out, while the first stage is carried out vibration cleaning, cleaning Jerusalem artichoke tubers, and cutting off the remains of the stems and the removal of soil residues, in the second stage carry out vibration cleaning Jerusalem artichoke tubers in a drum cleaner with a spiral auger, vibrating brushes and vibration spring with an adjustable spiral pitch, in the third stage they clean the remaining soil from the root Jerusalem artichoke by vibroimpulse action of brushes and a metal wire mesh, then peeled tubers are fed into the outlet pipe, which has a box in its lower wall stone trap with an opening front cover, and then the tubers are sent to the trough-like casing by a horizontally inclined conveyor, which is rotated 180 ° from the transport path the cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke tubers during their cleaning.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the proposed device for harvesting and three-stage cleaning of Jerusalem artichoke tubers, containing side conveyors and cleaning elements in the form of brushes, contains an inclined vibratory conveyor with sharpened reel-type rollers and horizontal rubberized clod drum with longitudinal grooves pointed at an angle of at least at least than 120 °, which ensures effective primary cleaning of Jerusalem artichoke tubers, which then enter the body of the drum cleaner with a rotating I have a tape-shaped spiral vibrating screw installed at an angle from the horizontal by at least 15 ° to the outlet of the tubers being cleaned, while to the screw shaft using no more than four flat plates made in the form of diametrical beams installed on each screw step length under at an angle of 45 ° in the direction of its rotation, a spiral-shaped tape is attached, and at least eight vertical cylinder bodies are fixed on its inner plane, made in the form of plunger pairs with brushes and springs, which are located diametrically about the radii from the center of the shaft at each step of the spiral, and brushes are made of nylon, polyurethane or propylene fishing line, with a pile, a diameter of not more than 1.2 mm, a length of at least 120 mm, while the cases with brushes can rotate in a horizontal plane along clockwise from 0 to 90 ° and vice versa, and also to move in a vertical plane, in addition, between the end walls of the cleaner drum housing, a vibrating spring with a diameter of at least 500 mm, which is made of metal wire with a diameter of at least 4 mm, is installed, one end of the spring is fixed to the front end wall of the drum cleaner body, and the other end, through the rear end wall, is attached using horizontal rods to the wings, which are attached to at least three hydraulic cylinders, to adjust the pitch of the spiral depending on the size of Jerusalem artichoke tubers , which ensures their secondary cleaning, in addition, at a distance of at least 10 mm, in a circle from the diameter of the vibrating spring, no more than six horizontal corners are fixed on the end walls of the drum cleaner the installation of a metal grid on them, which has square cells: no larger than 20 × 20 mm in size, while simultaneously vibrating all of the above working bodies, which is transmitted from the corresponding electric drives with a frequency regulator, which ensures the third cleaning of Jerusalem artichoke tubers, and then peeled tubers through the outlet pipe are fed into a trough-like casing with a horizontally inclined conveyor, which is rotated 180 ° from the movement path of Jerusalem artichoke tubers, which eliminates the delay of Jerusalem artichoke tubers in the stone trap area when they are cleaned, and it is made of rubber tape with round holes with a diameter of not more than 10 mm and scrapers attached to it, also, at the same time, warm heated air is supplied to the conveyor from a solar-powered blower installed on the roof of the tractor cab, and this ensures drying of Jerusalem artichoke tubers, which then enter the storage hopper, and then they are unloaded by a conveyor belt into a separate vehicle, At the same time, the operation control system of all mechanisms is carried out from a microprocessor installed in the tractor cabin.

The essence of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2.

In FIG. 1 shows a general diagram of a method and device for harvesting and three-stage cleaning of Jerusalem artichoke tubers, a sectional view from the side.

In FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of the circuit along AA.

A method and apparatus for harvesting and three-stage cleaning of Jerusalem artichoke tubers contains a digging ploughshare 1 (Fig. 1) and an inclined vibratory conveyor with horizontal rods 2, on which sharpened reel type rollers 3 are strung, and horizontal rubberized corrugated drum-coder 4 are installed behind it, while riffles have a sharpening angle of at least 120 °. There is also a drum cleaner body 5, and a spiral spiral vibrating screw with a shaft 6 is installed in it, which is installed at an angle from the horizontal by at least 15 ° to the outlet of the peeled tubers, while to the shaft 6 of the screw, using no more than four flat plates 7 (Fig. 2), made in the form of diametrical beams installed on each step of the screw at an angle of 45 ° in the direction of rotation, the lower ends of the plates 7 are welded to the shaft 6 of the screw, and a spiral tape is attached to the upper ends of the plates 8, while on the inside not less than eight vibrating cylinder bodies 9 are fixed to the plane of the tape 8 thereof, made in the form of plunger pairs 10 with vertical springs and with brushes 11, which are located diametrically radially from the center of the shaft at each spiral step, and the brushes 11 are made of nylon, polyurethane or propylene fishing line, with a pile, a diameter of not more than 1.2 mm and a length of not less than 120 mm.

In addition, a spiral-shaped vibrating spring 12 with a diameter of at least 500 mm and made of a metal wire with a diameter of at least 4 mm is installed between the end walls of the cleaner body and one of its ends is fixed to the front end wall of the cleaner-drum case, and the other end, through the rear the end wall is attached horizontally and by rods to the wings, which are attached to at least three hydraulic cylinders 13, to regulate the pitch of the spiral, depending on the size of the Jerusalem artichoke tubers being cleaned, in addition, at a distance At least 10 mm from the diameter of the vibrating spring 12, no more than six horizontal corners 14 are fixed on the end walls to fix a metal mesh 15 on them, which has square cells no more than 20 × 20 mm in size.

For unloading peeled tubers from the body of the cleaner drum 5, there is an outlet pipe 16 in which there is a trapezoidal stone trap 17 with a hinged lid 18, and then the pipe 16 is connected to a box 19 in which a horizontally inclined conveyor 20 is made of rubber band 19 with round holes 22 and riveted scrapers 23, while the conveyor is rotated 180 ° from the transportation path of peeled Jerusalem artichoke tubers, which eliminates the delay of peeled Jerusalem artichoke tubers in the area of the stone trap 17. B the end part of the duct 19 has a blower 26 (Fig. 1) for supplying heated air from the solar battery, which is installed on the roof of the tractor cab. The device also has a storage hopper 24 and a conveyor belt 25.

The proposed device operates as follows.

A vibrating cutting share 1 (Fig. 1) cuts, crumbles a layer of soil with dug Jerusalem artichoke tubers with the remains of stems and feeds them to an inclined vibratory conveyor 2, which has horizontal rods in the form of rotary sharpened rollers 3 of a coil type on the transverse axes to clean the tubers from the soil and grassy impurities, and then the impurities enter the horizontal rubberized clod drum 4 with inclined longitudinal flutes, which provides intensive separation from the Jerusalem artichoke tubers of the remains of cut stems and lumps of earth, which provides the primary cleaning of Jerusalem artichoke tubers.

Then the tubers enter the body of the vibrating drum cleaner 5, in which there is a spiral-shaped screw with a shaft 6, installed at an angle from the horizontal by at least 15 ° to the outlet of the tubers being cleaned, while to the shaft 6 of the screw (using no more than four flat the plates 7 (Fig. 2), made in the form of diametrical beams and which are installed at each step of the screw at an angle of 45 ° in the direction of its rotation), the lower ends of the plates 7 are welded, and the upper ends are welded to a spiral tape 8. Also on the inner plane of the spiral tape fixed at least h We have eight vertical cylinder bodies 9 made in the form of plunger pairs 10 (Fig. 1) with brushes 11 and springs. Plunger pairs 10 are located diametrically, radially from the center of the shaft at each step of the spiral, and the brushes 11 are made of nylon, polyurethane or propylene fishing line, with a pile, a diameter of not more than 1.2 mm, and a length of not less than 120 mm. Cases of cylinders 9 with brushes 11 have the ability to rotate in a horizontal plane clockwise from 0 to 90 ° and vice versa, as well as move in a vertical plane. In addition, between the end walls of the housing of the drum cleaner 5, a vibrating spring 12 with a diameter of at least 500 mm is installed, which is made of metal wire with a diameter of at least 4 mm, one end of the spring is fixed to the front end wall of the housing of the drum cleaner, and the other end thereof through the rear end wall, is attached using horizontal rods to the wings, which are attached to at least three hydraulic cylinders 13 (Fig. 2), to control the pitch of the spiral depending on the size of Jerusalem artichoke tubers. This design of the above devices of the working bodies provides their secondary cleaning.

In addition, in the design of the proposed device, at a distance of not less than 10 mm on the shells of the end walls of the drum cleaner 5, the diameter of the vibrating spring 12, no more than six horizontal corners 14 are fixed for installation on them of a metal mesh 15, which has square cells of no more than 20 × 20 mm, which allows a third purification of Jerusalem artichoke tubers from soil residues due to their transportation by the spring coil 12 along the grid 15, while the final soil eruption through square cells with heel 15.

Next, from the drum 5, the peeled tubs of Jerusalem artichoke enter the outlet pipe 16, which has a stone trap 17 in the bottom wall with an opening front cover 18, and then the peeled tubers through the outlet pipe 16 enter a trough-like casing 19 with a horizontally inclined conveyor 20, which is deployed 180 ° from the movement path of Jerusalem artichoke tubers when they are cleaned and made of rubber tape 21 with round holes 22 with a diameter of not more than 10 mm and with scrapers attached to the tape 23.

At the same time, warm heated air is supplied to the conveyor 20 from the blower 26 (Fig. 1), which is powered by a solar battery mounted on the roof of the tractor cabin, and this ensures drying of Jerusalem artichoke tubers, which then enter the storage hopper 24, and from it further they are unloaded by a conveyor belt 25 into a separate vehicle.

As a result of the implementation of the proposed method of three-stage cleaning of Jerusalem artichoke tubers and with simultaneous vibration of all the above working bodies, transmitted from the corresponding electric drives with a frequency controller and the presence of a horizontally inclined conveyor, which is not echeloned inside the machine, but rotated 180 ° from the transportation path for Jerusalem artichoke tubers during cleaning and their further supply to the storage hopper, an increase in labor productivity, the working speed of the combine is provided and reached more than 98% quality cleaning artichoke tubers. The control system of all mechanisms is carried out by a microprocessor installed in the tractor cabin.

An example of a method of cleaning and peeling Jerusalem artichoke tubers

In the present invention, when harvesting and transporting Jerusalem artichoke tubers, a three-stage cleaning of Jerusalem artichoke tubers is carried out.

At the first stage, vibrocleaning is carried out on a vibratory conveyor 2 (Fig. 1), cleaning the Jerusalem artichoke tubers and cutting the remains of the stems with rollers 3 and removing soil residues after the co-compressors 4.

At the second stage, the Jerusalem artichoke tubers are vibro-cleaned in a drum cleaner 5 with a spiral screw, vibration brushes 11 and vibration spring 12 with an adjustable spiral pitch.

At the third stage, the remains of the earth are cleaned from the roots of Jerusalem artichoke by vibroimpulsive action of the brushes 11 and the metal wire mesh 15, then the peeled tubers are fed into the outlet pipe 16 (Fig. 2), which has a drawer 17 in its lower wall - a stone trap with an opening front cover 18.

Then the tubers are sent to the trough-like casing 19 of the horizontally inclined conveyor 20, which is rotated 180 ° from the transportation path for Jerusalem artichoke tubers when they are cleaned, where they are also dried with warm air from the blower 26 (Fig. 1), which is powered by a solar panel mounted on tractor cab.

Claims (2)

1. The method of harvesting and three-stage cleaning of Jerusalem artichoke tubers, including the transportation and cleaning of root crops at the same time as feeding a heap into the side conveyors, they are cleaned by cleaning elements installed in the form of brushes, characterized in that they carry out a three-stage cleaning of Jerusalem artichoke tubers, while at the first stage carry out vibration cleaning, peeling Jerusalem artichoke tubers, cutting off the remains of the stems and removing soil residues, at the second stage, vibrocleaning Jerusalem artichoke tubers in the drum eye titel with a spiral auger, vibrating brushes and vibration spring with an adjustable spiral pitch, in the third stage they clean the remains of the earth from the grooves of Jerusalem artichoke by vibrating with the help of brushes and a metal wire mesh, then peeled tubers are fed into the outlet pipe, which has a stone trap box with an opening front in its lower wall lid, and then the tubers are sent to the trough-like casing by a horizontally inclined conveyor, which is turned 180 ° from the transportation path of Jerusalem artichoke tubers when they are cleaned e. 2. A device for harvesting and three-stage cleaning of Jerusalem artichoke tubers, containing side conveyors, cleaning elements in the form of brushes, characterized in that it contains an inclined vibratory conveyor with sharpened reel-type rollers and horizontal rubberized clod drum with longitudinal grooves pointed at an angle of at least 120 °, which ensures effective primary cleaning of Jerusalem artichoke tubers, which then enter the body of the drum cleaner with a rotating tape spiral vibrating a screw installed at an angle of not less than 15 ° from the horizontal to the outlet of the tubers being cleaned, with the screw shaft using no more than four flat plates made in the form of diametrical beams installed at each screw pitch at an angle of 45 ° in the course of its rotation, a spiral tape is attached, and at least eight vertical cylinder bodies are fixed on its inner plane, made in the form of plunger pairs with brushes and springs, which are located diametrically radially from the center of the shaft at each step with they screamed, and brushes were made of nylon, polyurethane or propylene fishing line with a pile, a diameter of not more than 1.2 mm, a length of not less than 120 mm, while the cases with brushes can rotate in a horizontal plane clockwise from 0 to 90 ° and vice versa and also move in a vertical plane, in addition, between the end walls of the drum cleaner body there is a vibrating spring with a diameter of at least 500 mm, which is made of metal wire with a diameter of at least 4 mm, one end of the spring is fixed to the front torus the main wall of the body of the drum cleaner, and its other end through the rear end wall is attached using horizontal rods to the wings, which are attached to at least three hydraulic cylinders to control the pitch of the spiral depending on the size of Jerusalem artichoke tubers, which ensures their secondary cleaning, except in addition, at a distance of at least 10 mm, in a circle from the diameter of the vibrating spring, no more than six horizontal corners are fixed on the end walls of the cleaner drum to install a metal mesh on them, which has square cells no larger than 20 × 20 mm in size, while simultaneously vibrating all of the above working bodies, which is transmitted from the corresponding electric drives with a frequency regulator, which provides the third cleaning of Jerusalem artichoke tubers, and then peeled tubers are fed through an outlet pipe into a trough-like casing with a horizontally-inclined conveyor, which is rotated 180 ° from the path of movement of Jerusalem artichoke tubers, which ensures elimination of the delay of peeled Jerusalem artichoke tubers in the stone-catching zone cleaning them, and it is made of rubber tape with round holes with a diameter of not more than 10 mm and with scrapers attached to it, also, at the same time, warm heated air is supplied to the conveyor from a blower operating from a solar panel mounted on the roof tractor cabs, and this ensures drying of Jerusalem artichoke tubers, which then enter the storage hopper, and then they are unloaded by a conveyor belt into a separate vehicle, while the control system for the operation of all mechanical zmov performed by a microprocessor, installed in the tractor cab.

Images