RU2155466C1 - Root harvesting combine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering. SUBSTANCE: combine has frame carrying mellowing-digging bracket for each row of roots, picking bracket, cleaning devices, activator chamber filled with water and equipped with automatic water supplying valve for supplying water from reserve tank, sewage water pump, hydraulic cyclone with feeding branch pipe, clear water drain branch pipe, sludge branch pipe dipped into sediment, chute, and charging working tools. Combine is further provided with digging-cleaning module for each row of roots. This module is fixed on frame for repositioning in accordance with width of spacing, and has feeding detachable drum with blades, each having row of conical rubber fingers. Digging share with mellowing tillage bracket is mounted for rotation in detachable casing of module. Digging share has sides and bracket adapted for picking up roots and narrowing roots flow and equipped with separating fingers and cylindrical separating brushes mounted for free rotation and provided with corrugated rubberized surface and root guide. The latter is leading to gathering auger with inclined chute coupled to separating chamber which has intake grid for sewage water pump communicated via feeding branch pipe with hydraulic cyclone. Hydraulic cyclone has clear water drain pipe and sludge branch pipe provided with disk-shaped bottom with opening in the center of chamber and annular perimeter opening. Sludge branch pipe is attached above sediment hopper equipped with retaining shutter. Activator disposed in chamber is made in the form of disk with lower blades which are curved so as to move roots to chamber center and to vertical auger. Combine is further provided with annular nozzle for discharging clear water from hydraulic cyclone and slit-type nozzle for supplying compressed air from high-pressure fan. EFFECT: increased efficiency and simplified construction. 2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely to machines for harvesting root crops without tops.

 Known root harvesters designed for harvesting sugar beets containing digging tools, root cleaners and loading mechanisms (Fundamentals of design and calculation of agricultural machines. M .: Agropromizdat, 1991, S. 446 - 457).

 However, such root harvesters are intended for harvesting only sugar beets with a fixed row spacing and have significant drawbacks. Digging tools in the form of discs and rotor forks are based on the principle of squeezing the root from the soil, as a result, the soil near the root is compacted, moist sticks and makes it difficult to clean, and some root crops do not fall between the discs and rotor forks for squeezing and remain in the field. Cleaners in the form of screws with screw-wound coils cannot clean root crops from adhering soil, smear it. Cam cleaners damage root crops.

 The closest invention to the proposed one is a potato harvester containing a loosely-digging soil cultivating bracket mounted on a frame for each row of root crops, a matching bracket, cleaning tools, an activator chamber filled with water and with an automatic water make-up valve and with an automatic water make-up valve from the reserve tank, sewage pump, hydrocyclone with feed pipe, clarified water drain pipe, sludge pipe, immersed in sludge, drain pan, worker other bodies for loading (RU 2067372, class A 01 D 21/00, 1996).

 The objective of the invention is to provide increased efficiency of harvesting root crops.

 EFFECT: increased efficiency of harvesting root crops by expanding the functions of the root harvester and improving the interaction of working bodies with soil and root crops.

 The specified technical result is achieved in that the root harvester contains, for each row of root crops, a digging-cleaning module with a removable drum with blades from a row of conical rubber fingers rotated in a split body, digging a plow with a loosening digger mounted on the frame with the possibility of shifting to the row spacing tillage bracket with sidewalls and a bracket that selects a narrowing flow of root crops with separating fingers, with separating cylindrical with the free rotation of brushes with a corrugated rubber surface and with a root pipe leading to a collecting screw with an inclined drain pan connected to a separating chamber, with the intake grille of the sewage pump communicating through a supply pipe with a hydrocyclone with a drain pipe of clarified water and a slurry pipe with a bottom in the form of a disk with a round hole in the center of the chamber and an annular hole around the perimeter, mounted above the draft hopper with an automatic retaining shutter and an asset placed in it oror in the form of a rotating disk with lower blades curved to move root crops to the center of the chamber to a screw mounted coaxially vertically located, rotating in a cylindrical body with gaps, with an annular nozzle of clarified water from a hydrocyclone, with a slot nozzle of compressed air from a high-pressure fan, s mechanical drive and unloading tray overlooking the unloading conveyor. In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the harvester in working position, a side view with a notch; in FIG. 2 shows a separation brush, side view; in FIG. 3 shows the fastening on the axis of the detachable blade drum and the fastening on the frame of the detachable module housing; in FIG. 4 shows the lower part of the separation chamber with a cutaway, side view; in FIG. 5 shows an activator, top view.

 The mounted combine harvester contains a frame 1 with a reserve tank 2 for water, a counter-drive 3, kinematically connected to the tractor power take-off shaft and copying self-aligning wheels 4, mounted on the tractor frame by a hinge 5 with the possibility of swinging the tractor’s hydraulic-mounted system in a vertical plane, placed on it frame 6 with fixed for each row of root crops with the possibility of moving digging cleaning module 7 with a receiving detachable blade drum 8 with blades 9 from a number of cone-shaped rubber fingers fixed on the axis 10, rotating in a detachable body 11 with a digging ploughshare 12 with a loosening digging tillage bracket 13 with sidewalls 14 and a bracket 15 that selects a narrowing flow of root crops with separating fingers 16, with separating cylindrical freely rotating brushes 17 with a rubber corrugated surface 18 and with a root conduit 19 facing the auger collecting root crops 20 with an inclined drain pan 21 connected to a separating cylindrical chamber 22 filled with water, with a valve 23 of gravity water supply by gravity from tank 2, with an intake grill 24 of the sewage pump 25, in communication with the hydrocyclone 26 through the supply pipe 27 with the drain pipe 28 of clarified water and the slurry pipe 29, hermetically immersed in the sediment, with the bottom 30 in the form of a disk with a round a hole 31 in the center of the chamber and an annular hole 32 around the perimeter, mounted above the sediment hopper 33 with a retaining shutter 34, and placed therein by an activator 35 in the form of a rotating disk with lower blades 36, curved to move the sediment from the cent to the annular hole and with the upper blades 37, curved to move root crops to the center of the chamber to a vertically mounted screw 38 rotated with gaps 39 in the cylindrical body 40 with the annular nozzle 41 of clarified water from the hydrocyclone with a gap nozzle of compressed air 42 from a high-pressure fan 43, with a mechanical drive 44 and an unloading tray 45, overlooking the unloading conveyor 46.

 The device operates as follows.

 The harvester is installed by modules 7 in rows of root crops, simultaneously with forward movement of the tractor’s hydraulic system the frame 1 is smoothly lowered until the copy wheels 4 touch the field surface, and the digging bracket 13 is buried below the root crops, cuts and loosens the soil layer above it, a significant part of it is passed through the bracket 13 and remains in place, and the root crops extend to the surface between the sides 14, where they are met and picked up by the bracket 15, here the loosened soil through the gaps between the fingers 16 falls into the field, and the root The blades 9 receive the drum 8 by blades 9, clean them from the adhering soil with brushes 17 and move them along the root duct 19 with an increased speed to the collecting screw 20, which moves the root crops through the drain tray 21 to the separation chamber 22, here the reverse water supply system including the valve 23, the intake grill 24 , pump 25, hydrocyclone 26 with a supply pipe 27, a drain pipe 28 and a sludge pipe 29, under the action of constantly clarifying water and an activator 35 root crops are cleaned, and the activator 35 with the lower blades 36 precipitated through the hole 32 it moves to the hopper 33 with a stopper 34, automatically releasing sediment in the field, and the upper blades 37 move the root crops to the screw 38, here they are moved upward in the housing 40, through the annular nozzle 41 they are washed with clarified water from the hydrocyclone 26, through the slotted nozzle 42 are dried with compressed air from a high-pressure fan 43 and the discharge chute 45 is moved to the discharge conveyor 46.

 The most effective hydraulic cleaning at high soil moisture, when the water flow is negligible, and mechanical cleaning of root crops from adhering soil is impossible.

Claims (2)

 1. Root-harvesting harvester containing mounted on the frame for each row of root crops, a loosening-digging soil-cultivating bracket, a selecting bracket, cleaning working bodies, a chamber with an activator filled with water and with a valve for automatically feeding water from a reserve tank, a sewage pump, a hydrocyclone with feed pipe, drain pipe of clarified water, slurry pipe, immersed in sediment, drain pan, working bodies for loading, characterized in that it contains for each row of root crops, fix mounted on the frame with the possibility of shifting to the row-spacing, a scooping-cleaning module with a detachable receiving drum with blades from a row of conical rubber fingers, a scoop rotating in a detachable case with a loosening, digging tillage bracket, with sides and a picking root crop narrowing with separ separating cylindrical bristles with a possibility of free rotation with a corrugated rubber surface and with a root conduit facing the collecting screw with a drain chute connected to the separating chamber, with the intake grille of the wastewater pump, communicating through a supply pipe with a hydrocyclone with a bleed water drain pipe and a slurry pipe with a bottom in the form of a disk with a circular hole in the center of the chamber and an annular hole around the perimeter, mounted above a sediment hopper with an automatic retaining shutter and an activator placed in it in the form of a rotating disk with lower blades curved to move root crops to the center of the chamber is fixed CB coaxially vertically disposed auger, rotating in a cylindrical housing with larger gaps, with an annular nozzle clarified water from the hydrocyclone, with a slotted nozzle of compressed air from a high pressure fan, with the mechanical drive and unloading chute opening to a conveyor belt.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the hopper is removable when cleaning root crops without using water.

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