LU500136B1 - Method for controlling Garlic Maggot with Combination of Lime Nitrogen and Microbial Inoculum - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for controlling garlic maggot with a combination of lime nitrogen and microbial inoculum. 10-15 days before garlic planted, the lime nitrogen is evenly sprayed on the surface of a garlic planting land parcel and watered. The lime nitrogen meets water in soil to decompose cyanamide and dicyandiamide, which kills pathogenic bacteria such as pythium and phytophthora in the soil, as well as the remaining garlic maggots and their eggs in the soil, can provide an effective calcium source and a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, provides nutrients for the garlic and enhances the stress resistance of the garlic. A basal fertilizer and mixed microbial inoculums are applied when a moisture content of the soil drops to 65-75% after the application of the lime nitrogen. The mixed microbial inoculums can reduce the accumulation of salt in the soil, and prevent the occurrence of the garlic maggot.

Description

DESCRIPTION Method for controlling Garlic Maggot with Combination of Lime Nitrogen and Microbial Inoculum

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for controlling garlic maggot with a combination of lime nitrogen and microbial inoculum, and belongs to the field of pest prevention and control technology.

BACKGROUND Shandong is the main producing area of garlic. In 2017, the sown area of the garlic was about 1.4 million mu, and the annual output of the garlic was about 1.4 million tons. With a large planting area, a long history, and high output, the garlic is Shandong’s main agricultural product for exporting and obtaining foreign exchange. Approximately 700,000 tons of the garlic and its processed products are exported to more than 150 countries including Japan, South Korea, Europe, and the United States, thereby forming a pattern of “planting in Shandong and selling in the world”.

However, with the extension of planting time, garlic maggots have become the most troublesome problem for farmers in main garlic producing areas. The garlic maggots parasitize the bulbs of garlic roots and the surrounding soil. The larva of the garlic maggots eat the bulbs of the garlic, causing the bulbs to rot, so that the leaves of the garlic above the ground appear to be yellow, wilted, and even dead. Maggots or pupae can be found when a stricken plant is pulled out. The garlic skin of the stricken plant is yellowish brown and rotten. The garlic head is bored by the larva, and the garlic is incomplete. Garlic cloves are exposed, exploded, and accompanied by a foul odor. The stricken plant is easy to be pulled out and pulled off. The occurrence of the garlic maggots reduces the quality of the garlic and forms loose cloves, red-skinned garlic and the like, which affect the income of garlic farmers.

In the past, people always believed that the main reason for the occurrence of the garlic maggots is that an organic fertilizer or a farmyard manure is not completely decomposed because the adults and larva of the garlic maggots have obvious decayability. However, in actual production, even if the organic fertilizer or the farmyard manure is completely decomposed, production fields also produce the garlic maggots. In recent years, researchers have confirmed that the occurrence of the garlic maggots is also a manifestation of continuous cropping obstacles through continuous observation and experiments. Although the garlic has a bactericidal effect, long-term continuous cropping also leads to the accumulation of salt in the soil, the increase of autotoxic substances and the accumulation of pathogenic bacteria, which lead to the continuous deterioration of the soil environment of continuous cropping. This deterioration of the soil environment poses a great threat to the growth of garlic roots and is easy to rot the roots and skins of the garlic. The strong odor of the rot roots of the garlic is easy to attract delia antiquas and bradysia odoriphagas to lay eggs and reproduce, which is the main reason for the occurrence of the garlic maggots.

At present, chemical pesticides are widely used in agricultural production to kill the garlic maggots. These pesticides are also absorbed by the garlic while killing the garlic maggots. As a result, the drug residues in the garlic often exceed a standard, causing great harm to human health and also bringing obstacles to an exporting garlic. In order to remove the garlic maggots, the folk also use a method for spreading a plant ash from roots to eliminate insects. Although there is no drug residue, the use of the plant ash has problems such as high demand, large workload, low efficiency, and poor prevention and control of the garlic maggots. Therefore, this method is rarely used in large-scale production.

When the same organic fertilizer or farmyard manure is used, if the pathogenic bacteria in the soil can be effectively controlled, and root rot and garlic skin rot do not occur, even if a garlic field is close to a land parcel with serious garlic maggot damage, the garlic maggots are rarely found in the garlic field. Therefore, if the garlic root diseases are controlled, no root rot and other diseases that can produce special spoilage odor are the key to controlling the garlic maggots. However, there is no an efficient method to kill the pathogenic bacteria in the soil of garlic production areas and the remaining garlic maggots and their eggs in the soil to protect the garlic roots from invasion.

SUMMARY Aiming at the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for controlling a garlic maggot with a combination of lime nitrogen and microbial inoculum.

The overview of the present invention is as follows:

A method for controlling a garlic maggot with a combination of lime nitrogen and microbial inoculum of the present invention is aimed at the technical problems of chemical insecticidal residues, the current lack of novel high-efficiency and low-toxicity prevention and control agents for pathogenic bacteria in the soil of garlic production areas and the remaining garlic maggots and their eggs in the soil. Cyanamide and dicyandiamide produced by the decomposition of the lime nitrogen in the soil with water can kill pathogenic bacteria such as pythium and phytophthora in the soil, as well as the remaining garlic maggots and their eggs in the soil, while also providing an effective calcium source and a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer to provide nutrients for garlic and enhance the stress resistance of the garlic. Afterwards, by adding mixed microbial inoculum, beneficial microorganisms in the soil are increased, and the garlic root system is protected from pathogenic bacteria. In addition, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers fixed in the soil are effectively released to reduce the accumulation of salt in the soil, improve and optimize the soil environment for root growth, so that the special spoilage odor caused by root rot and garlic skin decomposition does not occur, and the occurrence of the garlic maggots is avoided.

The details of the present invention is as follows: The technical solutions by the present invention are as following: A method for controlling a garlic maggot with a combination of lime nitrogen and microbial inoculum includes the following steps:

(1) 10-15 days before a garlic planted, the lime nitrogen is evenly spread on the surface of a garlic planting land parcel, then soil is deeply ploughed, ridged, and watered to make the relative humidity of the soil reach 80-90%; (2) When the water holding capacity of a field drops to 60-75%, a basal fertilizer is applied to the ground surface, and at the same time, the mixed microbial inoculum is plowed into the soil, and the soil is prepared for bedding; (3) The garlic is sowed in early October. Herbicides are sprayed after sowing, and a plastic film then covers the soil; (4) In the spring of the following year, when re-greening water is watered, the mixed microbial inoculum is watered again. Other management is routine management.

According to the present invention, preferably, in step (1), the lime nitrogen has 50-100 Kg/mu of application amount, and the depth of deep ploughing soil is 25-30 cm.

Further, preferably, in step (1), for land parcels with dead trees or land parcels with serious garlic maggot damage, the lime nitrogen has 90-100 Kg/mu of application amount.

In order to achieve a better prevention and control effect, in step (1), the lime nitrogen is sprayed, and a plastic film can cover the soil after watering if conditions permit.

According to the present invention, preferably, in step (2), the basal fertilizer is an organic fertilizer and an inorganic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer is 400-1000 Kg/mu of application amount.

Further, preferably, the organic fertilizer is a decomposed poultry manure or a commercial organic fertilizer. The inorganic fertilizer is a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, and a potash fertilizer. The poultry manure is a sheep manure, a cow manure, a rabbit manure, a pig manure, and a chicken manure. In order to enhance the efficiency of the phosphate fertilizer, superphosphate and the organic fertilizer are used together, and the superphosphate is 25-50 Kg/mu of application amount.

According to the present invention, in step (2), if drip irrigation is used for watering and topdressing in the later stage, only organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer can be applied as the base fertilizer. If flood irrigation is adopted in the later stage, the organic fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are used as the base fertilizers, and the potassium fertilizer has 15-30 Kg/mu of application amount.

According to the present invention, preferably, in step (2), the mixed microbial inoculum is a mixture of bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and brevibacillus laterosporus. The bacillus subtilis has 10-50 trillion spores/mu of application amount. The bacillus amyloliquefaciens has 5-20 trillion spores/mu of application amount, and the brevibacillus laterosporus has 10-40 billion spores/mu of application amount.

Preferably, according to the present invention, in step (3), a seed- dressing agent of the garlic is used before sowing the garlic, and the seeds are sowed after airing. The sowing amount of the garlic is 190-225 Kg/mu.

The seed-dressing agent and seed dressing are carried out according to existing conventional methods.

The planting density and field management after planting of the present invention are carried out in accordance with local cultivation habits, and the management of leaf diseases is timely prevented and controlled according to the disease in the field.

According to the present invention, in step (4), the mixed microbial inoculum has application amount being the same as that in step (2).

According to the present invention, preferably, in step (4), if drip irrigation is used for watering in the later stage, nutrients are supplemented when the re-greening water, moss-invigorating water and garlic head water are watered. 5-20 Kg/mu of a high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied when the re- greening water is watered. 5-20 Kg/mu of a high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied when the moss-invigorating water and the garlic head water are watered.

The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. A method of the present invention is to prevent and treat a garlic maggot with a combination of lime nitrogen and microbial inoculum. 10-15 days before garlic is planted, the lime nitrogen is evenly sprayed on the surface of a garlic planting land parcel and watered. The lime nitrogen meets water in soil to decompose cyanamide and dicyandiamide, which kill pathogenic bacteria such as pythium and phytophthora in the soil, as well as the remaining garlic maggots and their eggs in the soil, also can provide an effective source of calcium and a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, provide nutrients for the garlic and enhance garlic stress resistance.

2. The method of the present invention prevents and controls the garlic maggots by using a combination of the lime nitrogen and the microbial inoculum, and applies basal fertilizer and mixed microbial inoculum after applying the lime nitrogen. The mixed microbial inoculums can protect a garlic root system from pathogenic bacteria, effectively release phosphorus and potassium fertilizers fixed in the soil, reduce the accumulation of soil salt, and optimize a soil environment for root growth, and prevent the odor generated by root rot and garlic skin decomposition, and prevent the occurrence of the garlic maggot.

3. The control effect of the method of the present invention can reach more than 90%, which avoids the damage of the garlic maggots, and improves the yield and quality of the garlic. Although the traditional habit of using fertilizers is changed, the method reduces soil salinization, and reduces the occurrence of the rot of roots and garlic skin, reduces the odor of attracting delia antiguas and bradysia odoriphagas, and prevents the deterioration of the soil environment of the garlic field.

4. The method of the present invention combines biological prevention and control with chemical prevention and control. The prevention and control of garlic maggots through the lime nitrogen combined with the microbial inoculum can significantly improve the prevention and control effect of the garlic maggots. The lime nitrogen is an input for both medicine and fertilizer, and there is no drug residue in the soil. The result of a reaction is to produce a long-acting slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, truly achieving the objectives of pollution-free and non-toxic prevention and control.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The technical solutions of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with the embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this.

A commercial organic fertilizer, a high-nitrogen compound fertilizer, and a high-potassium compound fertilizer in the embodiments were all commercially available products.

Embodiment 1 A method for controlling a garlic maggot with a combination of lime nitrogen and microbial inoculum includes the following steps: (1) 10-15 days before a garlic planted, the lime nitrogen was evenly spread on the surface of a garlic producing area. The lime nitrogen had 50 Kg/mu of application amount. For land parcels with dead trees or land parcels with serious garlic maggot damage, the lime nitrogen had 100 Kg/mu of application amount. The depth of the soil that was deeply ploughed was 30 cm. The soil was ridged and watered, so that the relative humidity of the soil reached 75-85%.

(2) When the water holding capacity of a field dropped to about 65%, a decomposed sheep manure and superphosphate were applied to the surface of the ground. The application rate of the decomposed sheep manure was 600 Kg/mu, and the application rate of the superphosphate was 30 Kg/mu. And the mixed microbial inoculum was spread and applied at the same time. The mixed microbial inoculum was a mixture of bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and brevibacillus laterosporus. The application rate of the bacillus subtilis was 20 trillion spores/mu. The bacillus amyloliquefaciens had 10 trillion spores/mu of application amount, and the brevibacillus laterosporus had 10 billion spores/mu of application amount. The basal fertilizer and the mixed microbial inoculum were evenly applied, and plowed into the soil, and the ground was prepared for bedding.

(3) Before sowing garlic, a seed-dressing agent of the garlic was used to dress the seeds, and seeds were sowed after airing. The garlic was sown at the beginning of October, and the planting rate was 200 Kg/mu. After planting, a drip irrigation pipeline was first laid. A herbicide was spread, and then a plastic film covered the soil. The planting density and field management after planting were carried out in accordance with local cultivation habits, and the management of leaf diseases was timely prevented and controlled according to the disease in the field.

(4) In the spring of the following year, when re-greening water was watered, the mixed microbial inoculum was applied again. The mixed microbial inoculum had application amount being the same as in step (2). Nutrients were supplemented when the re-greening water, moss-invigorating water and garlic head water were watered respectively. 10 Kg/mu of a high- nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied when the re-greening water is watered. Kg/mu of a high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied when the moss- invigorating water and the garlic head water are watered.

Embodiment 2

Embodiment 2 was distinct from a method for controlling a garlic maggot with a combination of lime nitrogen and microbial inoculum of Embodiment 1 in that: Step (1): 10-15 days before a garlic planted, the lime nitrogen was evenly spread on the surface of a garlic planting land parcel, and the lime nitrogen had 60 Kg/mu of application amount; Step (2): a commercial organic fertilizer and superphosphate were applied to the surface of the ground. The mixed microbial inoculum was applied at the same time. The application rate of the commercial organic fertilizer was 400 Kg/mu, and the application rate of the superphosphate was 30 Kg/mu. The mixed microbial inoculum was a mixture of bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and brevibacillus laterosporus. The application rate of the bacillus subtilis was 50 trillion spores/mu. The bacillus amyloliquefaciens had 15 trillion spores/mu of application amount, and the brevibacillus laterosporus had 30 billion spores/mu of application amount.

Comparative Example 1 A method for controlling garlic maggots was carried out according to the method and steps of Embodiment 1, except that in step (2), the mixed microbial inoculum was not applied.

Comparative Example 2 A method for controlling garlic maggots did not perform step (1), that is, no lime nitrogen was applied, and the others were performed according to the method and steps of Embodiment 1.

Verification of garlic maggot control effect of an experimental example The implementation conditions of Embodiments 1-2 and Comparative Example 1-2 were shown in Table 1. Table 1 Test processing Method Application Amount Embodiment|Lime pump Lime nitrogen is 50 Kg/mu.

Bacillus subtilis is 20 1 + microbial [trillion spores/mu.

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 10 inoculum trillion spores/mu, and brevibacillus laterosporus is billion spores/mu.

Embodiment |Lime Lime nitrogen is 60 Kg/mu.

Bacillus subtilis is 50 2 nitrogen + trillion spores/mu.

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 15 microbial trillion spores/mu, and brevibacillus laterosporus is inoculum 30 billion spores/mu.

Comparative | Lime Lime nitrogen 50 Kg/mu Example 1 nitrogen Comparative | Mixed Bacillus subtilis is 20 trillion spores/mu.

Bacillus Example 2 |microbial amyloliquefaciens is 10 trillion spores/mu, and inoculum brevibacillus laterosporus is 10 billion spores/mu.

Table 2 showed the field test results of Embodiments 1-2 and Comparative Example 1-2 on the prevention and control of garlic maggots.

Table 2 Prevention and Control Effect Prevention and control effect of garlic maggots Embodiment 1 Embodiment 2 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 It can be seen from Table 2 that the application of the lime nitrogen in Comparative Example 1 and the application of the mixed microbial inoculum in Comparative Example 2 had a certain control effect on the garlic maggots, but the prevention and control effect was far less than the combination of the present invention.

The present invention used the combination of lime nitrogen and microbial inoculum and could kill the pathogenic bacteria such as pythium and phytophthora in the soil and the remaining garlic maggots and their eggs in the soil.

In addition, the method could provide an effective calcium source and a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, provide nutrients for the garlic and enhance the stress resistance of the garlic.

Claims (10)

1. A method for controlling a garlic maggot with a combination of lime nitrogen and microbial inoculum, comprising the following steps: (1) 10-15 days before a garlic planted, a lime nitrogen is evenly spread on the surface of a garlic planting land parcel, then soil is deeply ploughed, ridged, and watered to make the relative humidity of the soil reach 80-90%; (2) when the water holding capacity of a field drops to 60-75%, a basal fertilizer is applied to the ground surface, and at the same time, the mixed microbial inoculum is sprinkled and plowed into the soil, and the soil is prepared for bedding; (3) the garlic is sowed in early October; herbicides are sprayed after sowing, and a plastic film is then covered; (4) in the spring of the following year, when re-greening water is watered, the mixed microbial inoculum is watered again; other management is routine management.

2. The method for controlling the garlic maggot with a combination of the lime nitrogen and the microbial inoculum according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the application amount of the lime nitrogen is 50 -100 kg/mu, and the depth of deep ploughing soil is 25-30 cm.

3. The method for controlling the garlic maggot with a combination of the lime nitrogen and the microbial inoculum according to claim 2, wherein in step (1), for dead trees or land parcels with serious garlic maggot damage, the application amount of the lime nitrogen is 90-100 kg/mu.

4. The method for controlling the garlic maggot with a combination of the lime nitrogen and the microbial inoculum according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the basal fertilizer is an organic fertilizer and an inorganic fertilizer, and the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 400-1000 kg/mu.

5. The method for controlling the garlic maggot with a combination of the lime nitrogen and the microbial inoculum according to claim 4, wherein the organic fertilizer is a decomposed poultry manure or a commercial organic fertilizer, the inorganic fertilizer is a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, and a potash fertilizer, the poultry manure is a sheep manure, a cow manure, a rabbit manure, a pig manure, and a chicken manure, in order to enhance the efficiency of the phosphate fertilizer, superphosphate and the organic fertilizer are used together, and the superphosphate has 25-50 kg/mu of application amount.

6. The method for controlling the garlic maggot with a combination of the lime nitrogen and the microbial inoculum according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), if drip irrigation is used for watering and topdressing in the later stage, only organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer can be applied as the base fertilizer, if flood irrigation is adopted in the later stage, the organic fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are used as the base fertilizers, and the potassium fertilizer has 15-30 kg/mu of application amount.

7. The method for controlling the garlic maggot with a combination of the lime nitrogen and the microbial inoculum according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the mixed microbial inoculum is a mixture of bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and brevibacillus laterosporus, the application rate of the bacillus subtilis is 10-50 trillion spores/mu, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 5- trillion spores/mu of application amount, and the brevibacillus laterosporus has 10-40 billion spores/mu of application amount.

8. The method for controlling the garlic maggot with a combination of the lime nitrogen and the microbial inoculum according to claim 1, in step (3), a seed-dressing agent of the garlic is used before sowing the garlic, and the seeds are sowed after airing, the sowing amount of the garlic is 190-225 kg/mu.

9. The method for controlling the garlic maggot with a combination of the lime nitrogen and the microbial inoculum according to claim 1, in step (4), the mixed microbial inoculum has the application amount being the same as that in step (2).

10. The method for controlling the garlic maggot with a combination of the lime nitrogen and the microbial inoculum according to claim 1, in step (4), if drip irrigation is used for watering in the later stage, nutrients are supplemented when the re-greening water, moss-invigorating water and garlic head water are watered, 5-20 kg/mu of a high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied when the re-greening water is watered, 5-20 kg/mu of a high- potassium compound fertilizer is applied when the moss-invigorating water and the garlic head water are watered.