KR940009277B1 - 윤활유조성물 - Google Patents

윤활유조성물 Download PDF

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KR940009277B1
KR940009277B1 KR1019900000371A KR900000371A KR940009277B1 KR 940009277 B1 KR940009277 B1 KR 940009277B1 KR 1019900000371 A KR1019900000371 A KR 1019900000371A KR 900000371 A KR900000371 A KR 900000371A KR 940009277 B1 KR940009277 B1 KR 940009277B1
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oil
weight
oxidation
sludge
composition
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KR1019900000371A
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KR900011915A (ko
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노보르 이시다
히로유끼 다까시마
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닛뽕세끼유 가부시기가이샤
이와모도 켄타로
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Abstract

내용 없음.

Description

윤활유조성물
제1도는 본 발명에 있어 P,P´-디노닐디페닐아민의1H NMR 스팩트럼을 표시한 도면.
제2도는 동 화합물의13C NMR 스팩트럼을 표시한 도면.
제3도는 동 화합물의질량스펙트럼을 표시한 도면.
제4도는 동 화합물의 IR 스펙트럼을 표시한 도면.
본 발명은 분지(分枝)알킬화디페닐아민을 배합해서 이루어진 윤활유조성물에 관한 것으로, 상세하게는, 산화방지성에 뛰어난 분지알킬화디페닐아민을 배합해서 이루어진 산화한정성에 우수한 윤활유조성물에 관한 것이다.
방향족 함유량이 낮은 광유나 폴리 α-올레핀유등의 그 구조단위에 방향족고리를 함유하지 않는 합성유는, 그 자체로서는 산화안정성이 부족하지만, 산화방지제에 대한 반응성이 좋아 고산화안정성의 제품을 얻게 된다. 그러나, 이와 같은 오일은 산화방지제에 대한 용해도가 낮다고 하는 결점이 있다. 산화방지제는 그 자체가 사용중에 기능을 완수하면 변질되는 것이고, 이 산화에 의한 변질물이 슬러지가 되면 문제가 된다.
일본국 특개소 59-5146호 공보에는, 윤활유, 엘라스토머등의 첨가제로서 P,P´-디알킬디페닐아민의 사용이 공개되어 있고, 이 아민이 산화방지효과를 가진다는 것이 기재되어 있다. 그러나, 이 P,P´-디알킬디페닐아민은, 그 산화변질물이 오일에 대한 용해성이 낮아 슬러지화 한다고 하는 결점이 있었다.
본 발명은, 산화방지성능에 뛰어난 알킬화디페닐아민을 배합해서 이루어진 윤활유조성물을 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다.
본 발명자들은 디페닐아민의 가진 높은 산화방지성능에 착안해서, 또 디페닐아민이 슬러지를 발생하기 쉽다고 하는 결점을 극복하기 위하여 연구를 거듭한 결과, 특정의 구조를 가진 디페닐아민을 오일 등에 첨가했을 경우 뛰어난 산화방지성능을 가지고, 또 슬러지생성이 적은 것을 발견하고, 본 발명을 완성하게 되었다.
즉, 본 발명은 방향족함유량 30중량% 이하의 광유 및/또는 그 구조단위에 방향족고리를 함유하지 않는 합성유를 기본유로 하고, 이것에 조성물전량을 기준으로 해서 일반식
Figure kpo00001
[식중, R1및 R2는 동일하거나 달라도 좋고, 각각 탄소수 6의 분지알킬기를 표시함]
로 표시되는 P,P´-디노닐디페닐아민 0.01∼10중량% 및 일반식
Figure kpo00002
[식중, R3은 프로필렌의 올리고머에서 유도되는 탄소수 12 또는 15의 알킬기를 표시함]
로 표시되는 N-P-알킬페닐-α-나프틸아민 0.01∼10중량%을 배합해서 이루어진 윤활유조성물을 제공하는 것이다.
이하, 본 발명을 보다 상세히 설명한다.
본 발명에 있어, P,P´-디노닐디페닐아민이란, 일반식
Figure kpo00003
(식중, R1및 R2는 동일하거나 달라도 좋고, 각각 탄소수 6의 알킬기를 표시한다)
로 표시되는 화합물이다.
본 발명에 있어서, 상기의
Figure kpo00004
로 표시되는 기 및
Figure kpo00005
로 표시되는 기는 분지의 노넨에서 유도되는 것으로, 특히 프로필렌트리머에서 유도되는 분지알킬기가 바람직하다.
R1및 R2의 탄소수가 6일지라도 직사슬의 경우는, 그 자체가 산화에 의해 오일속에 슬러지로서 침강하기 쉽기 때문에 바람직하지 않다.
또, 프로필렌의 올리고머에서 유도되는
Figure kpo00006
로 표시되는 기 및
Figure kpo00007
로 표시되는 기를 사용한 경우에도, 그 탄소수가 6 미만의 경우에는, 역시 그 자체가 산화에 의해 오일속에 슬러지로서 침강하기 쉽고, 또, 탄소수가 6을 초과하는 경우에는 분자속에 차지하는 관능기의 비율이 작게 되어, 산화방지능력이 약해지기 때문에, 역시 바람직하지 않다.
본 발명에 있어서, P,P´-디노닐디페닐아민의 R1및 R2로 표시되는 기로서는, 구체적으로 예를들면,
Figure kpo00008
등을 들 수 있다.
본 발명에 있어, P,P´-디노닐디페닐아민의 합성법은 임의이고, 공지의 방법으로 합성할 수 있지만, 합성의 용이성면에서 볼때, 디페닐아민과 프로필렌트리머의 프리델·크라프츠 알킬화반응이 바람직하다.
이때에 촉매로서는, 염화알루미늄, 염화아연, 염화철등의 금속할로겐화물이나, 황산, 인산, 5산화인, 불화붕소, 산성백토, 활성백토등의 산성촉매를 사용할 수 있지만, 생성물의 착색이 없고, 반응율이 높고, 또 촉매제거가 용이하다는 점에서 활성백토가 특히 바람직하다. 또 활성백토/염화알루미늄의 중량비가 3∼10인 활성백토 염화알루미늄혼합촉매계를 사용하면, 그 반응율을 더 높일 수 있다. 이 프리델·크라프츠 알킬화 반응은 통상 이하와 같이 행하여진다.
즉, 1몰의 디페닐아민, 2∼20몰, 바람직하게는 3∼10몰의 프로필렌트리머와 50∼300g, 바람직하게는 100∼200g의 활성백토를 온도검지기, 질소취입관, 환류기 및 교반기를 설치한 반응용기에 넣고, 교반하면서, 135∼142℃로 가열한다. 촉매로서 염화알루미늄을 병용할때는, 사용하는 백토량의 1/3∼1/10의 염화알루미늄을 이 뒤에 소량씩 더 첨가한다. 그후, 상기 온도에서 반응을 계속하고, 일정시간마다 샘플링해서 가스크로마토그래피분석 또는 적외분광분석등의 분석기기로 분석하고, 디페닐아민의 미반응함유율이 10% 이하를 표시할때까지 가열 및 교반을 계속한다. 반응종료후, 반응혼합물을 냉각하고, 촉매를 흡인여과에 의해 제거한다. 얻게된 여액을 감압증류해서, 미반응의 프로필렌트리머를 유지하고, 또 잔류물을 크로마토그래피에 의해 정제하므로서, 목적하는 P,P´-디노닐디페닐아민을 점조한 투명액체로서 얻는다.
본 발명에 있어, P,P´-디노닐디페닐아민은, 광유, 합성유등의 기본유에 첨가되므로서, 이들 기본유의 산화방지제로서의 성능을 발휘한다.
이 기본유란, 방향족함유량 30중량% 이하의 광유 및/또는 그 구조단위에 방향족 고리를 함유하지 않는 합성유이다.
광유로서는, 40℃에 있어서 동점도(動粘度)가 10∼10,000cst, 바람직하게는 20∼1,000cst의 것이 일반적으로 사용된다. 통상, 원유를 증류해서 얻게 되는 윤활유유분을 임의의 정제처리, 예를들면 용제정체, 황산처리, 수첨정제, 백토처리등에 의해서 얻어지는 광유를 사용하는 것이 바람직하다.
상기 광유로서는, 방향족함유량 30중량%이하, 바람직하게는 20중량% 이하의 것이 적당하다. 또한 여기서 말하는 방향족유량이란, ASTM D2549-81에 규정된 방법으로 측정되는 값이다.
한편, 합성유로서는, 그 구조단위에 방향족고리를 함유되지 않는 것으로, 40℃에 있어서 동점도 10∼10,000cst의 것이 일반적으로 사용된다. 구체적으로 예를 들면, 탄소수 4∼30의 α-올레핀의 단독중합 내지 공중합에 의해 얻게 되는 폴리부텐, 데센-1 올리고머등의 폴리-α-올레핀유, 부틸스테아레이트, 메틸라우레이트등으로 대표되는 지방족모노카르복시산과 지방족 1가 알코올과 모노에스테르, 디-2-에틸헥실세바케이트, 디옥틸아디페이트, 디트리데실글루타레이트등으로 대표되는 지방족 2염기산과 지방족 1가 알코올과의 디에스테르, 트리메틸올프로판카프릴레이트, 트리메틸올프로판페랄고네이트, 펜타에리트리톨 2-에틸헥산오네이트, 펜타에리트리톨, 페랄고네이트등으로 대표되는 지방족 다가알코올의 지방족 모노카르복시산에스테르, 폴리에틸렌글리콜, 폴리프로필렌글리콜등으로 대표되는 폴리알킬렌글리콜 또는 그 모노알킬에테르, 디알킬에테르, 모노알킬에스테르, 디알킬에스테르, 시클로도데칸, 히드린단, 비시클로헥실, t-시클로헥실등의 시클로파라핀, 디시클로헥실부탄, 디시클로헥실프로판 등의 알킬시클로파라핀 및 이들의 혼합물등을 들 수 있다.
또한, 본 발명에 있어, N-P-알킬페닐-α-나프틸아민은, 일반식
Figure kpo00009
[식중, R3은 프로필렌의 올리고머에서 유도되는 탄소수 12 또는 15의 분지알킬기를 표시함]로 표시되는 화합물이다.
상기 N-P-알킬페닐-α-나프틸아민은, 상기 R3이 프로필렌의 올리고머에서 유도되는 분지알킬기일 것이 중요하고, 마찬가지의 분지알킬기라도 α-올레핀에서 유도된 것에서는 생성물의 산화방지성능이 본 발명에 있어서 N-P-알킬페닐-α-나프틸아민보다 크게 떨어지고, 또, 프로필렌이외의 올레핀, 예를들면 이소부틸렌등의 올리고머에서 유도되는 것에서는 그 자체가 산화에 의해 오일속에 슬러지로서 침강하기 쉽기 때문에 바람직하지 않다.
또 R3으로서 프로필렌의 올리고머에서 유도되는 분지알킬기를 사용한 경우에도, 그 탄소수가 본 발명의 범위미만의 경우에는 역시 그 자체가 산화방지작용을 완수한 후에, 오일속에 슬러지로서 침강하기 쉽고, 또 탄소수가 본 발명의 범위를 초과하는 것은 분자속에 차지하는 관능기의 비율이 작아지기 때문에 산화방지능력이 약해져서 각각 바람직하지 않다.
또한, 이 N, P-알킬페닐-α-나프틸아민의 제조방법은 본 출원인이 앞서 출원한 일본국 특개소 62-181396호 공보에 그 상세한 것이 설명되어 있다.
본 발명에 있어, 상기 P,P´-디노닐디페닐아민 및 N-P-알킬페닐-α-나프탈아민을 기본유에 첨가할때의 배합량은, 조성물전량을 기준으로 해서 각각 0.01∼10중량%, 더 바람직하게는 0.1∼5.0중량%이다.
또, 본 발명의 조성물에 대해서, 필요에 따라서 통상 사용되고 있는 공지의 첨가제, 예를들면 산화방지제, 청정분산제, 점도지수향상제, 유도점강하제, 유성제(油性劑), 내마모성제, 극압제, 부식방지제, 금속불활성화제, 녹방지제, 소포제, 유화제, 항유화제, 살균제. 착색제등을 첨가해도 좋다. 이들 각종 첨가제의 상세한 것은, 예를들면, “윤활유학회지, 제15권, 제6도” 또는 일본인 “사꾸라이도시오편저, 「석유제품 첨가제」(사이와이 서점)”등에 기재되어 있다. 이들 각종 첨가제의 합계첨가량은, 윤활유전량을 기준으로 해서 10중량% 이하, 바람직하게는 5중량% 이하, 특히 바람직하게는 3중량% 이하이다.
본 발명의 조성물은, 예를들면 가솔린엔진유, 육상용디이젤엔진유나 선박용디이엔진유등의 디이젤엔진유, 무첨가터어빈유, 첨가터어빈유, 가스터어빈유, 선박용터어빈유등의 자동차기어유, 공업용기어유, 자동변속기유등의 기어유, 유압작동유, 압축기유, 냉동기유, 절삭유, 연삭유, 소성가공유, 열처리유, 방전가공유등의 금속가공유, 미끄럼안내면유, 베어링유등의 각종 윤활유로서 사용할 수 있다. 또, 변압기유, 차단기유, 케이블유, 콘덴서유등의 전기절연유, 녹방지유, 열매체유, 그리이스, 진공펌프유등에도 바람직하게 사용된다.
이하, 본 발명의 내용을 실시예 및 비교예에 의해 더 구체적으로 설명한다.
[제조예]
4구플라스크에 디페닐아민 169g(1몰), 프로필렌트리머 1009g(8몰) 및 비표면적 235㎥/g, 산도 1.5㎎KOH/g의 활성백토 150g을 넣고 교반한다. 질소기류속에서 가열하고, 프로필렌트리머의 비점에서 10시간 반응시킨다. 반응종료후, 활성백토를 여벌하고, 여액을 감압증류해서 미반응의 프로필렌트리머를 유지하고, 또 잔류물을 크로마토그래피에 의해 정제하므로서, 담황색투명한 점성액으로서 목적하는 하기 구조식을 가진 P,P´-디노닐디페닐아민의 이성체 혼합물 365g을 얻었다.
상기 화합물의 원소분석치는 탄소 85.6중량%, 수소 11,4중량%, 질소 3.2중량%이고, 또 디페닐아민을 베이스로하는 수율은 86%이였다.
또, 이 화합물의1H NMR,13C NMR, 질량스펙트럼, 1R 스펙트럼을 제1∼4도에 각각 표시한다.
Figure kpo00010
[실시예 1 및 비교예 1]
상기 제조예에서 얻어진 P,P´-디노닐디페닐아민의 산화에 의한(산화방지제로서 가능했을때 생긴다) 변질물을 표 1에 표시한 양만큼 방향족함유량 7중량%의 정제광유(동점도 34.4cst, ⓐ40℃) 및 폴리-α-올레핀유(데센-1-올리고머, 동점도 30.7cst, ⓐ40℃)에 첨가하고, 그 용해성을 평가하였다(실시예 1). 그 결과를 표 1에 표시한다.
또 비교를 위해서, 표 1에 표시한 바와 같이 시판중인 산화방지제인 이소부틸렌 2량체를 알킬원으로 하는 P,P´-디옥틸디페닐아민에 대해서도, 산화에 의해 변질물의 기본유에로의 용해성을 마찬가지로 평가하고(비교예 1), 그 결과도 표 1에 병기하였다. 여기서, P,P´-디노닐디페닐아민 및 P,P´-디옥틸디페닐아민의 산화에 의한 변질물은, R.F.Bridger의 방법(J. Org. Chem. Vol.33, No.12, (1968))을 사용해서, 이하의 방법에 의해 제조하였다.
즉, P,P´-디노닐디페닐아민 또는 P,P´-디옥틸디페닐아민 0.05몰을 아세톤 100㎖에 용해하고, 0℃로 냉각한다. 이 용액의 과망간산칼륨 2.63g을 5시간에 걸쳐서 순차 첨가한 후, 냉각을 중지하고, 실온에서 15시간 방치한다(이 사이, 계내는 질소분위기로 유지함). 이어서, 여과지로 2산화망간을 여별하고, 여액에서 아세톤을 유지한 후, 나머지부를 100㎖의 벤젠에 용해해서, 수세하고 벤젠을 증류한다.
이와 같이 해서 얻게된 생성물은, 적외선흡수스팩트럼, GPC분석 및 질량분석의 결과에서, P,P´-디노닐디페닐아민 또는 P,P´-디옥틸디페닐아민의 산화에 의한 변질물을 주성분으로 하고 있음을 알 수 있다.
[실시예 2 및 비교예 2]
실시예 1과 마찬가지로, 제조예에서 얻어진 P,P´-디노닐디페닐아민의 변질물과 N-P-도데실페닐-α-나프틸아민(프로필렌 4량체 베이스)의 변질물을 동시에 정제광유 및 폴리-α-올레핀유에 첨가해서, 그 용해성을 평가하였다(실시예 2).
또 비교를 위해서, P,P´-디옥틸디페닐아민의 변질물과 N-P-옥틸페닐-α-나프틸아민의 변질물을 동시에 첨가한 경우에 대해서도, 기본유에로의 용해성을 마찬가지로 평가하였다(비교예 2). 이 결과도 표 1에 표시하였다.
[실시예 3∼4, 비교예 3∼4]
제조예에서 얻어진 P,P´-디노닐디페닐아민(실시예 3) 및 N-P-분지도데실페닐-α-나프틸아민(프로필렌 4량체 베이스)(실시예 3)의 산화성능을 조사하기 위하여, 실시예 1에서 사용한 것과 같이 정제광유 및 폴리-α-올레핀유에 각각 표 2에 기재한 양만큼 첨가하고, 이와 같이 해서 얻어진 윤활유조성물에 대해서, ASTM D2272에 의한 회전식 펌프산화시험(시험온도 150℃, 산소압 6.3㎏/㎠, 실온, 구리선촉매, 물10㎖)을 행하였다. 산화성능은 용기내압이 1.8㎏/㎠ 저하할때까지의 시간으로 평가하고 그 결과를 표 2에 표시한다.
아울러, 이들 조성물에 관해 실기슬러지시험(모터출력 5.5kw의 수냉클러부착회전 공기압축기를 사용해서 유온 80℃, 토출압 7.5㎏/㎠의 조건하에서 300hr 개방시의 오일클러로의 슬러리부착유무를 육안으로 관찰)을 행한바, 이들 실시예 3∼4에 있어서는 실기슬러지가 없음을 알 수 있었다.
또 비교를 위해서, 앞서 비교예 1에 사용한, P,P´-디옥틸디페닐아민, 및 N-P-분지도데실페닐-α-나프틸아민(이소부틸렌 3량체베이스)에 대해서도 마찬가지로 해서 산화성능을 평가하고(비교예 3∼4), 그 결과도 표 2에 병기하였다. 또한 비교예 3에서는, 표 1의 비교예 1의 결과에서 알 수 있는 바와 같이, 표 2에 표시한 화합물을 그 화합물의 산화에 의한 변질물이 석출해버리는 양, 즉 슬러지발생의 염려가 강하고 실용상문제를 야기시킬 만큼 다량으로 첨가하고 있다.
[실시예 5 및 비교예 5∼8]
제조예에서 얻어진 P,P´-디노닐디페닐아민과 N-P-도데실페닐-α-나프틸아민을 동시에 첨가한 경우의 산화성능을 조사하기 위하여 실시예 1에서 사용한 것과 같은 정제광유에 표 2에 기재된 양만큼 첨가하고, 이와 같이 해서 얻어진 조성물에 대해서 실시예 4와 마찬가지의 방법으로 산화성능 및 실기슬러지시험을 행하여 그 결과를 표 2에 나타내었다. 또한 비교로서 표 2에 나타낸 화합물 및 첨가량으로 비교예 5∼8을 행한 후 실시예 5와 마찬가지로 산화성능과 실기슬러지시험을 평가한다.
결과를 표 2에 나타내었다. 또한 비교예 5에서는, 표 1의 비교예 2의 결과에서 알 수 있는 바와 같이, 표 2에 표시한 화합물은 그 화합물의 산화에 의한 변질물이 석출해버리는 양, 즉 슬러지발생과 염려가 강하고, 실용상 문제를 야기할 정도로 다량 첨가하고 있다.
[표 1]
Figure kpo00011
[표 2]
Figure kpo00012
표 1의 결과에서 명백한 바와 같이, 본 발명의 P,P´-디노닐디페닐아민과 N-P-알킬페닐-α-나프틸아민을 동시에 첨가(실시예 2)한 것은, 산화에 의한 변질물이 슬러지가 되기 어렵고, 따라서 기본유에 산화방지제로서 다량으로 첨가할 수 있음을 알 수 있다. 그것에 비해서, P,P´-디옥틸디페닐아민(비교예 1) 및 P,P-디옥틸디페닐아민과 N-P-옥틸페닐-α-나프틸아민(비교예 2)은, 실시예 1 및 2에 비해 산화변질물의 용해능력이 크게 떨어져 있다. 따라서 산화방지제로서 사용한 경우에 슬러지가 될 염려가 있기 때문에, 다량으로 첨가할 수는 없다.
또 표 2의 결과에서, 본 발명에 관한 실시예 3 및 5의 조성물은, P,P´-디노닐디페닐아민, N-P-알킬페닐-α-나프틸아민 및 이들의 산화변질물의 용해성이 우수하기 때문에, 슬러지생성의 염려없이 자유로히 이 아민의 첨가량을 조정할 수 있다. 따라서, 높은 산화안정성이 요구되는 경우는 이 아민의 첨가량을 증가하므로서, 그 욕구를 충족시킬 수 있다.
이에 대해서, 비교예 3 및 5의 조성물에는, 화합물 그 자체의 산화성능이란 점에서 본 발명의 조성물과 동등정도의 것이 있지만, 비교예 1 및 2의 결과에서 명백한 바와 같이 슬러지생성의 면에서 첨가량의 제한이 크고, 윤활유조성물로서는 본 발명의 조성물과 같은 높은 산화안정성을 얻는 것은 불가능하다. 이들 비교예 3 및 5의 조성물은, 표 1에서 슬러지생성의 염려가 있을 정도 다량으로 화합물을 첨가한 경우이고, 실용상에서는 표 2에 표시한 산화성능을 얻을 수도 없다.
이상 설명한 바와 같이, 일정한 광유 및/또는 합성유에 본 발명에 관한 P,P´-디노닐디페닐아민과 N-P-알킬페닐-α-나프틸아민을 배합해서 이루어진 조성물을 첨가하므로서, 산화안정성이 향상되고, 또한 슬러지의 생성염려가 매우 적다.

Claims (1)

  1. 방향족 함유량 30중량% 이하의 광유 및/또는 그 구조단위에 방향족고리를 함유하지 않는 합성유를 기본유로 하고, 이것에 조성물전량을 기준으로 해서, 일반식
    Figure kpo00013
    (식중, R1및 R2는 동일하거나 달라도 좋고, 각각 탄소수 6의 분지알킬기를 표시함)로 표시되는 P,P´-디노닐디페닐아민 0.01∼10중량% 및 일반식
    Figure kpo00014
    (식중, R3은 프로필렌의 올리고머로부터 유도되는 탄소수 12 또는 15의 알킬기를 표시함)로 표시되는 N-P-알킬페닐-α-나프틸아민 0.01∼10중량%을 배합해서 이루어진 윤활유조성물.
KR1019900000371A 1989-01-13 1990-01-13 윤활유조성물 KR940009277B1 (ko)

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JPH02188555A (ja) 1990-07-24
DE69004130T2 (de) 1994-03-24
EP0387979B2 (en) 1996-09-04
KR900011915A (ko) 1990-08-02
US5186852A (en) 1993-02-16
TW224132B (ko) 1994-05-21
EP0387979A1 (en) 1990-09-19
DE69004130D1 (de) 1993-12-02
JP2539677B2 (ja) 1996-10-02
EP0387979B1 (en) 1993-10-27

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