KR940001530B1 - 플론 냉매용 윤활유 - Google Patents

플론 냉매용 윤활유 Download PDF

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KR940001530B1
KR940001530B1 KR1019880013971A KR880013971A KR940001530B1 KR 940001530 B1 KR940001530 B1 KR 940001530B1 KR 1019880013971 A KR1019880013971 A KR 1019880013971A KR 880013971 A KR880013971 A KR 880013971A KR 940001530 B1 KR940001530 B1 KR 940001530B1
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lubricating oil
flon
polyglycol
refrigerant
compound
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마사또 가네꼬
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이데미쓰 고산 가부시끼가이샤
이데미쓰 쇼스께
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Abstract

내용 없음.

Description

플론 냉매용 윤활유
본 발명은 플론냉매용 윤활유 조성물에 관한 것이며, 더욱 상세하게는, 점도가 높고, 수분함량이 적은 폴라글리콜화합물을 주성분으로서 함유하며, 플론화합물을 냉매등으로서 사용하는 냉동기의 윤활제로서 적합한 윤활유에 관한 것이다.
종래로부터, 폴리글리콜 화합물은 냉동기등의 윤활유로서 사용되어져 왔다. 이러한 윤활유가 개방형 냉동기등에 사용되는 경우에는, 그 점도가 비교적 낮기 때문에 증발손실이 크다.
특히, 이러한 윤활유가 고속다기통 냉동기에 사용되는 경우에는, 오일소비량이 상당히 많아서, 실제적으로 사용하기에는 부적절하다. 또한, 이러한 윤화유가 밀폐형, 또는 반 밀폐형 냉동기등에 사용되는 경우에는, 오일의 재순환 량이 증가되어, 냉각 성능이 저하되는 결점을 갖고 있다.
종래의 폴리글리콜 화합물들을 냉동기유 등으로서 사용하는 경우에는, 냉동기내의 철표면에 구리도금현상(이러한 구리도금현상은, 동제 배관으로부터 용출된 구리가 철표면을 피복하게되는 현상을 의미한다)이 발생되므로, 베인(Vane)이나 베어링등에 있어서의 작동불량을 초래할 염려가 있다.
따라서, 본 발명자들은, 종래의 폴리글리콜 화합물들이 갖고 있는 상기한 결점들을 해소하고, 냉동기유등으로서 적합한 특성들을 갖는 폴리글리콜 화합물을 개발하기 위하여 예의 연구를 거듭하였다. 그 결과, 폴리글리콜화합물 내에 함유된 수분이, 상기의 구리도금 현상을 초래한다는 것을 발견하였다. 본 발명자들은 이러한 발견에 근거하여 더욱 연구를 계속한 바, 수분함량이 적고, 점도가 높은 폴리글리콜 화합물들은, 구리도금현상을 초래하지 않음과 동시에, 냉동기등의 냉매로서 사용되는 각종의 플론화합물들에 대하여 양호한 상용성을 갖는다는 것을 발견하였다.
본 발명은, 40℃에 있어서의 동점도가 적어도 30cst이상이고, 점도지수가 적어도 150이상이며, 수분함량이 200ppm이하인 폴리글리콜 화합물을 주성분으로서 함유하는 플론 냉매용윤활유에 관한 것이다.
본 발명의 윤활유는, 주성분으로서 폴리글리콜 화합물을 함유한다. 이 폴리글리콜 화합물은, 40℃에 있어서의 동점도가 적어도 30cst이상, 바람직하게는 80-1, 000cst, 더욱 바람직하게는 120-800cst인 것이다.
40℃에 있어서의 동점도가 30cst미만인 경우에는, 증발에 의한 오일소비량 또는 오일 재순환량이 증가되며, 더우기 씨일성이 열등하게 된다. 폴리글리콜 화합물의 점도 지수는 적어도 150이상이며, 바람직하게는 적어도 170이상이다. 점도지수가 150미만인 경우에는, 고온에서의 윤활 특성이 저하된다.
상기의 특성을 만족시키는 각종의 폴리글리콜 화합물 중에서도, 다음의 일반식(Ⅰ)
Figure kpo00001
로 표시되는 폴리글리콜, 폴리글리콜에테르 혹은 폴리글리콜 에스테르가 바람직하다.
일반식(Ⅰ)중에서, R1과 R3는 각각 수소, 탄소수 1-20, 바람직하게는 탄소수 1-10의 알킬기 또는 아실기이고, R2는 탄소수 2-4의 직선상 또는 가지상의 아킬렌기이다. n은 10 또는 그 이상, 바람직하게는 20-150, 더욱 바람직하게는 30-120이다.
본 발명의 폴리글리콜 화합물중의 수분함량은 200ppm이하, 바람직하게는 100ppm이하이다. 수분함량이 200ppm이상인 경우에는, 구리도금현상을 초래하게 된다.
이와 같이, 수분함량이 적은 폴리글리콜 화합물은, 일반식(Ⅰ)의 폴리글리콜 화합물을 진공가열 처리하거나, 실리카겔, 활성 알루미나, 제올라이트등과 접촉 처리하는 것에 의하여 얻을 수가 있다. 특히 바람직하게는, 입자직경 0.1-10mm, 바람직하게는 0.2-5mm의 제올라이트(천연 제올라이트 혹은 분자체 3A, 4A, 5A, 13X등의 합성 제올라이트)와 폴리글리콜 화합물을 접촉 처리하는 것이 좋다. 접촉 조건은 제한적이지 않으며, 상황에 따라서 적절히 결정될 수 있다.
또한, 필요하다면, 접촉 처리시에 10-50KHz의 초음파를 조사할 수도 있으며, 이러한 초음파 조사 처리는 탈수효율을 향상시킨다. 상기와 같이하여 얻어진, 수분함량이 적은 폴리글리콜 화합물은 흡흡성이 있기 때문에, 수분을 차단시키는 조건하에 저장하는 것이 바람직하다. 구체적으로는 폴리글리콜 화합물은, 제올라이트를 그대로, 또는 산화마그네슘등의 바인더로 응고시켜 성형된 것을 밀폐 용기에 넣어서 안정하게 보관될 수 있다.
본 발명의 윤활유는, 상기한 바와 같이 하여 얻어진, 점도가 높고, 점도지수가 높으며, 수분함유량이 적은 폴리글리콜 화합물을 주성분으로서 함유한다. 또한, 필요에 따라서는, 마모방지제, 염소포촉제, 산화방지제, 금속불량성화제, 소포제등을 첨가할 수도 있다. 염소포촉제의 바람직한 예로서는, 트리페닐 포스파이트, 트리크레실 포스파이트등의 아인산 에스테르를 들 수 있다. 염소 포촉제의 첨가량은 0.001-0.5중량%이다.
본 발명의 윤활유는, 냉매로서 플론화합물을 사용하는 냉동기, 쿨러, 히트펌프등의 윤활유로서 효과적이다. 명세서중에 있어서의 플론화합물은 불소함유 알칸을 의미한다. 이러한 플론화합물의 구체적인 예로서는, 트리클로로 모노플루오로메탄(플론-11)과 다이클로로다이플루오로메타(플론 12)을 들 수 있다. 본 발명의 윤활유는, 플론-11과 플론-12 뿐만 아니라, 통상적인 윤활유와는 상용성이 적은 것으로 지칭되고 있는 수소함유 플론이나 퍼플루오로알칸에 대해서도 양호한 상용성 또는 용해성을 나타낸다. 수소함유 플론의 예로서는, 1, 1-다이클로로-2, 2, 2-트리플루오로에탄(플론-123), 1, 1, 1, 2-테트라플루오로메탄(플론-134a), 1-클로로-1, 1-다이플루오로에탄(플론-142b), 1, 1-다이플루오로에탄(플론-152a), 트리플루오로메탄(플론-23) 및 모노클로로 다이플루오로메탄(플론-22)을 들 수 있다. 퍼플루오로알칸의 예로서는, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2-헥사플루오로에탄(플론-116) 및 테트라플루오로메탄(플론-14)을 들 수 있다.
본 발명의 윤활유는, 플론 냉매의 존재하에 양호한 안정성을 갖으며, 구리도금현상을 초래하지 않고, 플론-11과 플론-12 뿐만 아니라 수소함유 플론 화합물 및 퍼플루오로알칸등의 난용성 냉매등에 대해서도 2상분리 온도가 낮으며, 양호한 상용성을 갖고 있다. 또한, 본 발명의 윤활유는, 내시이저(anti-seizure)성이 양호하고, 증발에 의한 오일소모량이 적으며, 오일 재순환량이 감소된다고 하는 장점을 갖고 있다.
따라서, 본 발명의 윤활유는, 냉매로서 각종 플론 화합물을 사용하고 있는 냉동기, 쿨러(특히, 자동차용 에어컨), 히트펌프등의 윤활유로서 효과적으로 사용될 수 있다.
다음의 실시예를 참조하여, 본 발명을 더욱 상세히 설명한다.
[실시예 1-3, 비교예 1-3 그리고 참고예 1-4]
표 1에 나타낸 광물유, 알킬벤젠 및 폴리글리콜 시료를 다음의 방법으로 평가하였다.
그 결과를 표 2에 나타낸다
(플론-22의 2상 분리온도).
시료와 플론-22를 2 : 8(중량)의 비율로 혼합하고, 이 혼합물이 2개의 상으로 분리된 온도를 측정하였다.
2상 분리온도
× : 10℃초과
○ : 0-10℃
◎ : 0℃미만
(할렉스 시이저(Falex Seizure)시험)
ASTM D 3233에 의거하여 측정하고, 시이저 하중(파운드)으로 나타냈다.
(차폐관(Shield tube)시험)
시료와 플론-22의 2 : 1(중량)혼합물을 철, 구리, 알루미늄의 촉매와 함께 유리관에 봉입하였다. 175℃에서 720시간 동안 가열한 후, 그 외관 및 침전 형성여부를 검사하였다.
(증발성 시험)
JIS C-2320에 따라, 시료 20을 비이커에 넣고, 140℃에서 24시간 동안 가열한 후, 증발 손실량(중량%)을 측정하였다.
[표 1]
Figure kpo00002
*1 유닐루베 50MB-5, 니뽄유시 가부시끼가이샤제.
*2 유닐루베 MB-38, 니뽄 유시 가부시끼가이샤제.
*3 유닐루베 MB-700, 니뽄 유시 가부시끼가이샤제.
*4 탈수 유닐루베 MB-700
*5 탈수 유닐루베 MB-700
*6 유닐루베 MB-700에 물을 가한 것.
*7 탈수 유닐루베 MB-11, 니뽄유시 가부시끼가이샤제.
[표 2]
Figure kpo00003

Claims (4)

  1. 40℃에 있어서의 동점도가 30cst이상이고, 점도지수가 150이상이며, 수분함량이 200rpm이하인 폴리글리콜 화합물을 주성분으로 함유하는 플론냉매용 윤활유.
  2. 제1항에 있어서, 폴리글리콜 화합물이 하기의 일반식으로 표시되는, 플론냉매용 윤활유.
    Figure kpo00004
    (식중에서, R1및 R3는 각각 수소, 탄소수 1-20의 알킬기 또는 아실기를 나타내며, R2는 탄소수 2-4의 직선상 또는 가지상 알킬렌기를 나타내고 n은 10이상의 수를 나타낸다.)
  3. 제1항에 있어서, 폴리글리콜 화합물중의 수분함량이 100ppm이하인, 플론냉매용 윤활유.
  4. 제1항에 있어서, 플론냉매가, 트리클로로모노플루오로메탄, 다이클로로다이플루오로메탄, 1, 1-다이클로로-2, 2, 2-트리플루오로에탄, 1, 1, 1, 2-테트라플루오로에탄, 1-클로로-1, 1-다이플루오로에탄, 1, 1-다이플루오로에탄, 트리플루오로메탄, 모노클로로다이플루오로메탄, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2-헥사플루오로에탄 및 테트라플루오로메탄으로 이루어지는 군으로부터 선택되는 불소함유알칸인, 플론냉매용 윤활유.
KR1019880013971A 1987-10-30 1988-10-26 플론 냉매용 윤활유 KR940001530B1 (ko)

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