KR890014149A - 가스처리용 필터(Filter for Gases) - Google Patents

가스처리용 필터(Filter for Gases)

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Publication number
KR890014149A
KR890014149A KR1019890002585A KR890002585A KR890014149A KR 890014149 A KR890014149 A KR 890014149A KR 1019890002585 A KR1019890002585 A KR 1019890002585A KR 890002585 A KR890002585 A KR 890002585A KR 890014149 A KR890014149 A KR 890014149A
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KR
South Korea
Prior art keywords
filter
sensor
inlet
rhodium
vanadium
Prior art date
Application number
KR1019890002585A
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English (en)
Other versions
KR960016516B1 (ko
Inventor
아. 해르레 한스
Original Assignee
하버트 지르켈·미카엘 아들러
슈베비체 휘텐베르케 게엠바하
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Application filed by 하버트 지르켈·미카엘 아들러, 슈베비체 휘텐베르케 게엠바하 filed Critical 하버트 지르켈·미카엘 아들러
Publication of KR890014149A publication Critical patent/KR890014149A/ko
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of KR960016516B1 publication Critical patent/KR960016516B1/ko

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/0218—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters the filtering elements being made from spirally-wound filtering material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B01D39/2068—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics
    • B01D39/2072—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics the material being particulate or granular
    • B01D39/2075—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics the material being particulate or granular sintered or bonded by inorganic agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/10—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces
    • B01D46/12—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces in multiple arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
    • B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • F01N1/082—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling the gases passing through porous members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F01N3/0222—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being monolithic, e.g. honeycombs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
    • F01N3/2885—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices with exhaust silencers in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2230/00—Combination of silencers and other devices
    • F01N2230/02—Exhaust filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2230/00—Combination of silencers and other devices
    • F01N2230/04—Catalytic converters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
    • F01N2250/02—Combinations of different methods of purification filtering and catalytic conversion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/14—Sintered material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Abstract

내용 없음.

Description

가스처리용 필터(Filter for Gases)
제 1 도는 본 발명상의 일실시예에 의한 필터의 부분 평면도.
제 2 도는 제 1 도의 Ⅱ-Ⅱ선을 따라 잘라 본 횡단면도.
제 3 도는 두 개의 모울드 된 부분을 측면도로 도시한 것이다.
제 4 도는 본 발명상의 또 다른 일실시예로서의 필터체의 일부를 나타낸 개략 정단면도.

Claims (22)

  1. 디젤엔진 등과 같은 엔진으로부터의 배기가스를 위시한 가스상의 기체로부터의 유해한 성분을 제거하기 위하여 필터체(filter body)와 다수의 입구찬넬(inlet channels)과 출구찬넬(outlet channels)을 가진 부재를 포함 구성하고, 상기 입구찬넬은 반응실을 형성하는 벽에 의하여 입구가 출구로부터 분리되고, 그 속에서 필터체가 내고온성 재료(high-temperature-resistant materials)를 포함하도록 하여 개량이 이루어지도록 한 것을 특징으로 하는 가스처리용 필터(filter for gases).
  2. 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 재료는 압밀하게 되는(compacted)것을 특징으로 하는 가스처리용 필터.
  3. 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 재료는 소결되는 (sintered)것을 특징으로 하는 필터.
  4. 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 재료는 적어도 크롬, 몰리브덴,닉켈 및 망간 성분등의 합금성분으로 선택되는 어느 한 그룹을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 필터.
  5. 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 필터는 적어도 크롬, 백금, 로듐, 바나듐, 팔라듐, 몰리브덴, 닉켈, 구리 및 망간 성분과 같은 촉매성분을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 필터.
  6. 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 내고온성 재료는 금속선재 또는 메탈칩의 형태로 되어 모우드 내에서 모울드 및/ 또는 소결되어 제조되는 것을 특징으로 하는 필터.
  7. 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 필터에는 다수의 동일 부재들이 포함되어 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 필터.
  8. 제 7 항에 있어서, 상기 부재는 단일한 필터체속으로 함께 소결되는 것을 특징으로 하는 필터.
  9. 제 7 항에 있어서, 상기 부재는 입구찬넬과 출구찬넬을 제고하기 위하여 정렬되는 것을 특징으로 하는 필터.
  10. 제 7 항에 있어서, 상기 부재의 하나는 적어도 하나 이상의 횡편(,cross piece)을 갖는 플레이트로 구성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 필터.
  11. 제 10 항에 있어서, 상기 각각의 횡편은 상호 상기 필터의 각 반대편 단부에서 입구와 출구를 제공하여 상기 부재를 간격을 갖고 떨어지도록 정렬시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 필터.
  12. 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 필터는 적어도 부분적으로 소음에 대한 머플러(muffler)로서 작용 가능한 것을 특징으로 하는 필터.
  13. 제 12 항에 있어서, 상기 필터는 모터로 작동되는 것을 특징으로 하는 필터.
  14. 제 12 항에 있어서, 상기 필터는 차량에 사용되는 것을 특징으로 하는 필터.
  15. 제 10 항에 있어서, 상기 필터에는 다수의 필터 카트릿지(filter cartridge)가 포함 구성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 필터.
  16. 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 필터는 세라믹 재료와 조합되어 구성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 필터.
  17. 제 16 항에 있어서, 상기 필터는 촉매작용을 가진 재료(catalytically active material)로 코팅된 것을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 필터.
  18. 제 17 항에 있어서, 상기 촉매작용을 가진 재료는 적어도 하나 이상의 배금, 로듐, 바나듐 및 팔라듐 성분을 포함하는 그룹으로부터 선택되는 것을 특징으로 하는 필터.
  19. 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 필터는 적어도 하나 이상의 센서형의 성분(sensor type component)을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 필터.
  20. 제 19 항에 있어서, 상기 센서는 백금, 로듐, 바나듐 및 팔라듐을 포함하는 적어도 하나 이상의 그룹으로 제조되는 것을 특징으로 하는 센서(sensor).
  21. 제 19 항에 있어서, 상기 센서는 백금, 로듐, 바나듐 및 팔라듐을 포함하는 적어도 하나 이상의 그룹으로 코팅되는 것을 특징으로 하는 센서.
  22. 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 필터는 헬리칼형(helically)으로 정렬된 밴드(band)를 포함 구성하는 것을 특징으로 하는 필터.
    ※ 참고사항 : 최초출원 내용에 의하여 공개하는 것임.
KR1019890002585A 1988-03-10 1989-03-02 가스 처리용 필터(Filter for Gases) KR960016516B1 (ko)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3807917 1988-03-10
DEP3807917.8 1988-03-10
DEP3818281.5 1988-05-30
DE3818281A DE3818281A1 (de) 1988-03-10 1988-05-30 Abgasfilter

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
KR890014149A true KR890014149A (ko) 1989-10-23
KR960016516B1 KR960016516B1 (ko) 1996-12-14

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ID=25865779

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
KR1019890002585A KR960016516B1 (ko) 1988-03-10 1989-03-02 가스 처리용 필터(Filter for Gases)

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5009857A (ko)
EP (1) EP0331885B1 (ko)
JP (1) JP2843351B2 (ko)
KR (1) KR960016516B1 (ko)
CA (1) CA1310589C (ko)
DE (2) DE3818281A1 (ko)
ES (1) ES2026283T3 (ko)

Cited By (2)

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KR19980052241A (ko) * 1996-12-24 1998-09-25 박병재 자동차 배기장치의 촉매구조
KR100966739B1 (ko) * 2008-06-09 2010-06-29 금호정공(주) 일자형 니플

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Publication number Publication date
ES2026283T3 (es) 1992-04-16
EP0331885B1 (de) 1991-08-14
JPH01270920A (ja) 1989-10-30
KR960016516B1 (ko) 1996-12-14
EP0331885A1 (de) 1989-09-13
US5009857A (en) 1991-04-23
CA1310589C (en) 1992-11-24
JP2843351B2 (ja) 1999-01-06
DE58900208D1 (de) 1991-09-19
DE3818281A1 (de) 1989-09-21

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