KR20210063259A - 리도카인, 옥사실린 및 폴리-l-락틱산 필러와 히알루론산 필러 결합체를 함유하는 서방성 주사제제 및 그 제조방법 - Google Patents
리도카인, 옥사실린 및 폴리-l-락틱산 필러와 히알루론산 필러 결합체를 함유하는 서방성 주사제제 및 그 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
본 발명은 폴리-L-락틱산(Poly L lactic acid, 이하 "PLLA"라 한다) 필러와 히알루론산(hyaluronic acid, 이하 "HA"라 한다) 결합체를 포함하며, PLLA의 방출 속도를 조절할 수 있는 생분해성 고분자 이중미세캡슐을 함유하고, 통증 완화제 및 항생제가 함유된 서방형 주사제 및 이의 제조 방법에 관한 것이다.
Description
본 발명은 리도카인, 옥사실린 및 폴리-L-락틱산(Poly L lactic acid, 이하 "PLLA"라 한다) 필러와 히알루론산(hyaluronic acid, 이하 "HA"라 한다) 결합체를 포함하며, PLLA의 방출 속도를 조절할 수 있는 생분해성 고분자 이중미세캡슐 함유 서방형 주사제 및 이의 제조 방법에 관한 것이다.
일반적으로 폴리-L-락틱산(Poly L lactic acid, "PLLA") 필러는 미립구의 지지체로서 생체 적합성 및 생분해성 특성을 갖고 있는 고분자 합성물질이다. 또한 히알루론산(hyaluronic acid, HA)은 동물 등의 피부에 많이 존재하는 생체 합성 천연 물질로서, 히알루론산(HA) 필러는 수술 없이 안면 볼륨을 증가시키는데 사용되는 물질이다.
종래 PLLA의 제조 및 사용방법을 보면, 건조된 파우더(Powder) 형태의 PLLA를 CMC(carboxy methy cellulose, 카르복시메틸셀룰로스)와 마니톨(Mannitol)과 섞은 상태로 동결 건조시키고, 동결 건조된 PLLA를 멸균 증류수에 섞어서 현탁액으로 제조한 후에 제조된 현탁액을 체내에 주사하는 과정을 거치게 된다. 그러면 3~6개월이 경과한 후에 체내에 콜라겐이 생성되어 볼륨이 증대되는 효과가 나타나게 된다.
그러나 이러한 종래 기술은 주입된 PLLA 현탁액 중에 증류수 성분과 CMC 성분이 수일 내에 체내에 흡수되어 버리기 때문에, PLLA 현탁액을 체내에 주사한 직후에 생겼던 볼륨감이 즉시 사라지게 되어 체내 주사 후 몇일이 경과하면 볼륨 증대 효과를 보이지 못하고 수개월(3~6개월)이 지난 후에야 볼륨이 증대된 효과가 서서히 나타나게 된다는 한계점이 존재하였다.
이처럼 체내 주입후 콜라겐이 생성될 때까지의 수개월이 경과하여야만 하는데, 이러한 수개월의 시간은 피시술자에게 불만을 야기시키는 원인이 되어왔고, 이러한 단점을 보완하기 위해 다른 종류의 필러(filler) 인체 조직수복용 생체재료를 같이 사용해야만 하는 불편함도 있었다.
또한 종래의 PLLA 필러는 결절(nodule), 육아종(granuloma)이 생성되는 단점이 있었다.
또한 증류수와 희석해서 PLLA를 주사하게 되는데, 이때 증류수가 현탁액을 만들 경우 현탁액의 농도가 낮아지게 된다. 이 때문에 균일한 현탁액을 만들기 위해서는 장시간의 시간이 필요하게 되는 문제점도 있었다.
이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여, 대한민국 등록특허 제10-1852127호에서는 PLLA와 HA 결합체의 제조방법에 대하여 개시된 바 있다.
그러나 필러에 대한 소비자의 수요가 급증하고, 이에 따른 소비자의 요구가 더욱 세밀해지고 구체화되고 있어, 이러한 선행기술문헌보다 초기 볼륨 및 현탁액의 균질화 상태가 더욱 진보된 형태의 PLLA 필러가 요구되고 있는 실정이다.
본 발명은 상기와 같은 종래의 제반 문제점을 해결하기 위하여, 폴리-L-락틱산 필러(PLLA)와 히알루론산 필러(HA)의 결합체를 제조하고, 상기 결합체의 함량이 높고 장기간 동안 안정한 약물 방출의 특성을 갖는 투여능이 좋은 균일한 입자의 PLLA-HA 결합체 서방성 이중미세캡슐과 이를 제조하는 방법을 제공하는데 있다.
상기 과제를 해결하기 위한 본 발명의 일 측면은 (a) PLLA(폴리-L-락틱산)에 CMC(카르복시메틸셀룰로스)와 마니톨을 섞은 후 동결 건조시키고, 일정한 크기로 분쇄한 후 감마레이 멸균을 실시하여 PLLA 혼합물을 제조하는 PLLA 혼합물 제조단계; (b) HA(히알루론산)를 BDDE(부탄디올 디글리시딜 에테르) 가교제와 섞은 후 젤화시키고, 인산완충액으로 세척한 다음, 균일한 입자의 가교 HA를 얻은 후 메쉬를 통과시켜 균일한 입자의 가교 HA를 수득하는 HA 혼합물 제조단계; (c) 통증 완화제 및/또는 항생제로 구성된 약물이 포함된 1차 중심물질(W1), 상기 (a) 단계에서 수득한 PLLA 혼합물, 생분해성 고분자 및 유기용매를 균질화하여 1차 에멀젼(W1/O)을 수득하는 단계; (d) 상기 가교 HA에 증류수를 첨가하여 2차 피복물질(W2)을 수득하는 단계; (e) 상기 1차 에멀젼(W1/O) 및 2차 피복물질(W2)을 혼합하여 PLLA-HA W/O/W 에멀젼을 수득하는 단계; 및 (f) 상기 PLLA-HA W/O/W 에멀젼을 분무건조하여 이중미세캡슐을 제조하는 단계;를 포함하는 PLLA-HA 이중미세캡슐 함유 필러의 제조방법을 제공한다.
본 발명에서는 PLLA-HA 이중미세캡슐 함유 필러의 제조를 위하여 이중 에멀젼 용매 증발법을 사용하였다. 이를 간단히 설명하면, 단백질 또는 수용성 약물이 용해되어 있는 수용액(수용액상)을 PLA(또는 PLGA)가 용해되어 있는 유기용매(융기용매상)에 가하여, 수용액상과 유기용매상이 서로 혼합되지 않고 상 분리가 생길 때, 호모게나이저(homogenizer), 보텍스 믹서(vortex mixer), 초음파파쇄기(ultrasonicator) 등으로 전체 시스템에 에너지를 가하면 유기 용매상(연속상) 내에 수용액상의 미세한 액적(분산상)이 분산된 에멀젼을 얻게 된다. 이렇게 얻은 1차 에멀젼을 다시 2차 수용액상에 가하면 1차 수용액상을 분산상으로 한 유기 용매상이 다시 2차 수용액에 분산된 이중 에멀젼이 형성된다. 다시 말하면 최종의 에멀젼은 수용액이 연속상이며 이에 PLA(또는 PLGA)가 용해되어 있는 유기 용매 액적이 분산상이 되는데, 이 액적 내부에 다시 약물이 용해되어 있는 수많은 수용액적이 분산된 형태이다. 얻어진 이중 에멀젼 시스템으로부터 가열 또는 감압 조건에서 유기 용매를 제거하면 PLA(또는 PLGA) 고체 입자내에 약물이 용해되어 있는 수용액적이 분산된 상태가 되고, 이 입자들을 동결 건조하면 물이 제거되고 고체 (PLA 또는 PLGA)에 고체 상태 약물이 분산된 형태의 미세 입자를 얻는다.
캡슐화(encapsulation) 기술은 특정 환경 조건하에서 일정속도로 방출하여 중심물질(core material)이 가지고 있는 기능성 또는 생리작용을 크게 향상시킬 수 있으며, 중심물질에 영향을 줄 수 있는 빛, 산소, 수분 등의 외부 환경으로부터 보호하는 기술이다.
본 발명에서, 상기 “이중미세캡슐”은 1000 μm 이하의 크기를 갖는 미세한 크기의 캡슐인 미세캡슐에서 중심물질이 2 중의 피복물질로 보호되도록 한 것이다. 이러한 이중미세캡슐은 여러 방법으로 제조될 수 있는데, 그 중 하나로 분무건조법(spray drying)이 있다. 분무건조법은 캡슐의 재료가 되는 물질이 녹아 있는 용매의 미세 액적(droplet)을 열풍 중으로 분무하여 빠르게 건조시킴으로써 이중미세캡슐을 얻는 방법으로, 단시간 내에 많은 이중미세캡슐을 얻을 수 있으며, 에멀젼(emulsion)과 같은 현탁액을 분무 건조하여 이중미세캡슐을 제조할 수 있다. 이중미세캡슐을 제조하는 방법은 상기 분무건조법에 제한되지 않으며, 당해 분야의 기술자가 필요에 따라 적절한 방법을 이용하여 이중미세캡슐을 제조할 수 있다.
본 발명에서, 상기 “중심물질(core material)”은 통증 완화제 및 항생제 등 이로운 물질을 녹인 용액, 에멀젼, 오일, 분말 등을 말하며, 특정 형태에 한정되는 것은 아니다. 본 발명에서는 통증 완화제 및/또는 항생제를 중심물질로서 사용하였으나, 이에 제한되지 않고 필요에 따라 이를 적절히 변경하여 적용할 수 있다.
본 발명에서, 상기 “피복물질(wall material)”은, 중심물질을 보호하기 위하여 얇은 층으로 덮어씌우는 물질을 말한다. 피복물질은 외부 환경에서 상당히 불안정한 비배당체 폴리페놀 등의 유효성분이 안정성을 유지하도록 하고, 효소, 산, 공기 중의 산소, 빛, 열 등에 의해 다른 화학물질, 유도체 등으로 변화되지 않도록 보호할 수 있는 물질이면 제한없이 사용될 수 있다. 또한 상기 피복물질은 1차 피복물질, 2차 피복물질 등으로 구분되어 적용될 수 있으며, 본 발명에서는 1차 피복물질 및 2차 피복물질을 포함하는 이중미세캡슐이 형성되도록 하였다.
본 발명에서 상기 “폴리-L-락틱산(PLLA, 폴리L-락틱산 또는 폴리L-젖산이라고도 함)”은 인간 면역 결핍 바이러스(HIV)에 감염된 환자의 안면 지질 강직에 대한 미국 FDA의 승인을 받은 필러로서, 사탕수수 등의 식물로부터 추출된 성분이다. 또한 히알루론산(Hyaluronic Acid, HA)는 1934년 메이어(Meyer)와 팔머(Palmer)에 의해 눈의 유리액(Vitreous Humor)에서 처음 분리된 음이온 뮤코다당체(Polyanionic Mucopoly-saccharide)로서 자연계에 널리 존재하는 생체 유래 고분자 물질이다.
본 발명에서 상기 “히알루론산(Hyaluronic acid)”은 글루크로닉산 (glucuronic acid)와 아세틸글루코스아민(acetylglucosamine)으로 구성된 선형 폴리사카리드로서 세포외기질(extracellular matrix, ECM), 관절의 윤활액(synovial fluid), 연골을 구성하는 지지체에 존재하는 글리코스아미노 글리칸(glycosamino glycan)중의 하나이다. 히알루론산은 또한 세포의 운동성, 세포분화, 상처치유 및 암 전이에 있어서 시그널 분자(signaling molecule)로서 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 히알루론산과 가교된 히알루론산의 특이한 점탄성적인 성질은 관절 윤활액으로서의 그 중요성을 더하고 있다. 또한 면역적인 측면에 있어서도 히알루론산은 전혀 문제를 가지고 있지 않고 있기 때문에 조직공학(tiussue engineering)과 약물전달시스템(drug delivery system)에 이용되어질 수 있는 우수한 생체적합성을 가진 생체재료이다. 히알루론산과 히알루론산 올리고사카리드는 용액상에서 3차원적인 구조를 가지고 있으며 이로 인해 광범위한 내부 히드로겐 결합, 고분자 사슬의 제한적인 유동성, 독특한 2차(helical), 3차(coiled coil)반응을 유발하게 된다.
히알루론산은 일반적으로 1,000 ~ 10,000,000 Da 정도의 분자량을 가지고 있으며 앞서 언급한 바와 같이 독특한 물리화학적 성질과 특이한 생물학적 기능을 가지고 있다.
히알루론산은 세포조직의 항상성(hemostasis), 관절의 윤활작용에 주요한 역할을 담당하고 있으며 세포표면에서 특정 단백질과 특이성 결합을 하고 이를 통해 세포의 유동성, 성장인자 작용, 염증반응 등에서도 매우 중요한 역할을 하며, 국내외 조직수복용(인체 조직의 대체 및 재건 용도) 의료성분으로 개발되어 사용되고 있으며, 피부미용 및 성형 분야에서도 널리 사용되고 있다.
상기 CMC(카르복시메틸셀룰로스)는 담체(carrier)로 사용된 것으로서, 본 발명의 담체는 CMC에 한정되지 않고, 카르복시 메틸 셀룰로오스(Carboxy methyl cellulose), 나트륨 카르복시메틸 셀룰로오스(Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose), 알긴산 나트륨(Sodium alginate), 젤라틴(Gelatin), 알부민(Albumin), 콜라겐(Collagen), 히알루론산 나트륨(Sodium Hyaluronic Acid), 덱스트란(Dextran), 히드록시에틸 셀룰로오스 (Hydroxyethyl cellulose), 하이프로멜로스(Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose), 글리세린(Glycerin), 소르비톨 (Sorbitol) 및 프로필렌글리콜 (Propylene Glycol)으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 하나 이상일 수 있다.
또한, 본 발명에서는 만니톨을 사용하였으나, 이에 제한되지 않고 일반적으로 사용될 수 있는 부형제 및 희석제로서 락토오스, 덱스트로오스, 수크로오스, 솔비톨, 만니톨, 자일리톨, 에리스리톨, 말티톨, 전분, 아카시아 고무, 알지네이트, 젤라틴, 칼슘 포스페이트, 칼슘 실리케이트, 셀룰로오스, 메틸 셀룰로오스, 미정질 셀룰로오스, 폴리비닐 피롤리돈, 물, 메틸히드록시벤조에이트, 프로필히드록시벤조에이트, 탈크, 마그네슘 스테아레이트 또는 광물유를 사용할 수 있으나, 이에 한정되는 것은 아니다.
상기 BDDE(부탄디올 디글리시딜 에테르)는 히알루론산의 가교제로서 사용되었으나, 이에 제한되지 않고, DVS(디비닐술폰, DiVinyl Sulfone), BCDI(비스 에틸 카보디이미드, Bis ethyl CarboDiimide) 및 PEG(폴리에틸렌글리콜)로 구성된 군에서 하나 이상 선택될 수 있다.
구체적으로, 본 발명에서 1차 중심물질(W1)에 포함되는 약물은 통증완화제로서; 리도카인(Lidocaine), 부피바카인(Bupivacaine), 리그노카인(Lignocaine), 로피바케인(Ropivacaine), 코카인(Cocaine), 테트라카인(Tetracaine), 아메토카인(Amethocaine), 아밀로카인(Amylocaine), 벤지다민(Benzydamine), 신코카인(Cinchocaine), 레보부피바카인(Levobupivacaine), 메피바카인(Mepivacaine), 옥시부프로카인(Oxybuprocaine), 프리로카인(Prilocaine), 프로카인(Procaine), 프로파라카인(Proparacaine) 및 이들의 염으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 하나 이상 일 수 있으며, 항생제로서; 메티실린(methicillin), 옥사실린(oxacillin), 노르플록사신(norfloxacin), 반코마이신(vancomycin), 아미카신(Amikacin), 젠타마이신(Gentamicin), 카나마이신(Kanamycin), 네오마이신(Neomycin), 네틸마이신(Netilmicin), 토브라마이신(Tobramycin), 파로모마이신(Paromomycin), 스트렙토마이신(Streptomycin), 스펙티노마이신(Spectinomycin), 겔다나마이신(Geldanamycin), 허비마이신(Herbimycin), 리팍시민(Rifaximin), 로라카르베프(Loracarbef), 어타페넴(Ertapenem), 도리페넴(Doripenem), 이미페넴/실라스타틴(Imipenem/Cilastatin), 메로페넴(Meropenem), 세파드록실(Cefadroxil), 세파졸린(Cefazolin), 세팔로틴(Cefalothin), 세팔렉신(Cefalexin), 세파클로르(Cefaclor), 세파만돌(Cefamandole), 세폭시틴(Cefoxitin), 세프프로질(Cefprozil), 세프록심(Cefuroxime), 세픽심(Cefixime), 세프디니르(Cefdinir), 세프디토렌(Cefditoren), 세포페라존(Cefoperazone), 세포탁심(Cefotaxime), 세프포독심(Cefpodoxime), 세프타지딤(Ceftazidime) , 세프티부텐(Ceftibuten), 세프티족심(Ceftizoxime), 세프트리악손(Ceftriaxone), 세페핌(Cefepime), 세프타롤린 포사밀(Ceftaroline fosamil), 세프토비프롤(Ceftobiprole), 테이코플라닌(Teicoplanin), 텔라반신(Telavancin), 달바반신(Dalbavancin), 오리타반신(Oritavancin), 클린다마이산(Clindamycin), 린코마이신(Lincomycin), 뎁토마이신(Daptomycin), 아지트로마이신(Azithromycin), 클래리스로마이신(Clarithromycin), 디리스로마이신(Dirithromycin), 에리스로마이신(Erythromycin), 록시스로마이신(Roxithromycin), 트로린도마이신(Troleandomycin), 테리스로마이신(Telithromycin), 스피라마이신(Spiramycin), 아즈트레오남(Aztreonam), 푸라졸리돈(Furazolidone), 니트로퓨란토인(Nitrofurantoin), 리네졸리드(Linezolid), 포시졸리드(Posizolid), 라데졸리드(Radezolid), 토레졸리드(Torezolid), 아목시실린(Amoxicillin), 엠피실린(Ampicillin), 아즈로실린(Azlocillin), 카르베니실린(Carbenicillin), 클록사실린(Cloxacillin), 디클록사실린(Dicloxacillin), 플루클록사실린(Flucloxacillin), 메즈로실린(Mezlocillin), 나프실린(Nafcillin), 페니실린 G(Penicillin G), 페니실린 V (Penicillin V), 피페라실린(Piperacillin), 테모실린(Temocillin), 티카실린(Ticarcillin), 아목시실린/클라불란산(Amoxicillin/clavulanate), 엠피실린/설박탐(Ampicillin/sulbactam), 피페라실린/타조박탐(Piperacillin/tazobactam), 티카실린/클라불란산(Ticarcillin/clavulanate), 바시트라신(Bacitracin), 콜리스틴(Colistin), 폴리믹신 B(Polymyxin B), 시프로플록사신(Ciprofloxacin), 이녹사신(Enoxacin), 가티플록사신(Gatifloxacin), 제미플록사신(Gemifloxacin), 레보플록사신(Levofloxacin), 로메플록사신(Lomefloxacin), 목시플록사신(Moxifloxacin), 날리딕스산(Nalidixic acid), 오플록사신(Ofloxacin), 트로바플록사신(Trovafloxacin), 그레파플록사신(Grepafloxacin), 스파플록사신(Sparfloxacin), 테마플록사신(Temafloxacin), 마펜나이드(Mafenide), 설파아세타마이드(Sulfacetamide), 설파다이아진(Sulfadiazine), 실버설파다이아진(Silver sulfadiazine), 설파디메톡신(Sulfadimethoxine), 설파메티졸(Sulfamethizole), 설파메톡사졸(Sulfamethoxazole), 설파닐리마이드(Sulfanilimide), 설파살라진(Sulfasalazine), 설피속사졸(Sulfisoxazole), 트리메소프림-설파메톡사졸(Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole(Co-trimoxazole), TMP-SMX), 설폰아미도 크리소이딘(Sulfonamido chrysoidine), 데메클로사이클린(Demeclocycline), 독시사이클린(Doxycycline), 미노사이클린(Minocycline), 옥시테트라사이클린(Oxytetracycline), 테트라사이클린(Tetracycline), 클로파지민(Clofazimine), 답손(Dapsone), 카프레오마이신(Capreomycin), 사이클로세린(Cycloserine), 에탐부톨(Ethambutol), 에티오나미드(Ethionamide), 이소니아지드(Isoniazid), 피라진아미드(Pyrazinamide), 리팜피신(Rifampicin), 리파부틴(Rifabutin), 리파펜틴(Rifapentine), 아르스페나민(Arsphenamine), 클로람페니콜(Chloramphenicol), 포스포마이신(Fosfomycin), 푸시딘산(Fusidi cacid), 메트로니다졸(Metronidazole), 무피로신(Mupirocin), 플라텐시마이신(Platensimycin), 퀴누프리스틴/달포프리스틴(Quinupristin/Dalfopristin), 치암페니콜(Thiamphenicol), 티지사이클린(Tigecycline), 티니다졸(Tinidazole), 및 트리메소프림(Trimethoprim)으로 이루어진 군으로부터 하나 이상 선택된 것일 수 있다.
또한, 본 발명에서 상기 생분해성 고분자는 폴리디옥사논(Polydioxane), 폴리-(ε-카프로락톤)(Poly(ε-carprolactone)), 폴리락산-글리콜산 공중합체(Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)), 폴리락타이드-(ε-카프로락톤) 공중합체(Polylactide-co-ε-carprolactone), 폴리-L-락티드(Poly-L-lactide), 폴리락트산(Polylactic acid), 폴리글리콜산(Polyglycolic acid), 폴리하이드록시발러릭산(Polyhydroxy-valeric acid), 폴리포스포에스터(Polyphosphoester), 폴리에틸렌옥사이드-폴리락트산(Polyethyleneoxide-polylactic acid), 폴리에틸렌옥사이드-(폴리락산-글리콜산 공중합체)(Polyethyleneoxide- polylactic-co-glycolic acid), 폴리에틸렌옥사이드-(폴리-(ε-카프로락톤))(Polyethyleneoxide- poly-ε-carprolactone), 폴리-4-하이드록시부티레이트(Poly-4-hydroxybutyrate), 키토산(Chitosan) 및 수산화 인회석(Calcium hydroxy apatite)으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 하나 이상일 수 있다.
구체적으로, 본 발명의 PLLA-HA 이중미세캡슐 함유 필러는 상기 (a) 단계의 동결건조는 영하 60~100도에서 12 내지 24시간의 초기 동결건조 단계와, 15~25도에서 5일~10일 동안 건조하는 후기 건조단계로 구성되고, 분쇄한 입자의 크기는 30um~100um의 범위가 되도록 하는 것일 수 있으나 이에 제한되지 않는다.
또한, 구체적으로 본 발명의 PLLA-HA 이중미세캡슐 함유 필러는 상기 (b) 단계의 인산완충액은 HA 100gram 당 30~80리터를 사용하도록 하고, 균일한 입자는 80~120메쉬의 크기를 통과시켜 수득한 것일 수 있으나, 이에 제한되지 않는다.
또한, 구체적으로 본 발명의 PLLA-HA 이중미세캡슐 함유 필러는 상기 (f) 단계 이후에, 페이스용의 필러를 제조할 경우 이중미세캡슐 10mg당 증류수 15~25ml를 혼합하고, 바디용의 필러를 제조할 경우 이중미세캡슐 10mg당 증류수 25~35cc를 혼합하여 제조한 것일 수 있다.
본 발명에 의한 PLLA-HA 결합체를 포함하는 서방성 이중미세캡슐은 일반적으로 PLA 또는 PLGA를 사용한 미세입자 제조에 사용되는 이중 에멀젼 용매 증발법(W/O/W 또는 double emulsion solvent evaporation)을 응용하여 제조된 것으로서, 즉각적인 방출이 아닌 장기간 동안 지속적인 내용물을 방출함으로써 HA에 의한 초기 볼륨 손실의 정도를 최소화할 수 있으며, PLLA 내부 분산상으로 국소 마취제 및 항생제 등의 약물을 포함하고 있어 사용 편이성이 크게 향상된다.
또한 PLLA-HA가 미세입자인 에멀젼 형태로 현탁액에 골고루 분포하기 때문에PLLA가 한 곳에 뭉치지 않아 육아종 형성을 덜하게 되는 효과도 있다.
본 발명의 효과는 상기한 효과로 한정되는 것은 아니며, 본 발명의 상세한 설명 또는 청구범위에 기재된 발명의 구성으로부터 추론 가능한 모든 효과를 포함하는 것으로 이해되어야 한다.
이와 같이 구성된 본 발명에 의한 폴리-L-락틱산 필러와 히알루론산 필러 결합체를 포함하는 서방성 미세입자 제조방법의 바람직한 실시예를 설명하면 다음과 같다. 하기에서 본 발명을 설명함에 있어 관련된 공지 기능 또는 구성에 대한 구체적인 설명이 본 발명의 요지를 불필요하게 흐릴 수 있다고 판단되는 경우에는 그 상세한 설명을 생략할 것이다. 그리고 후술되는 용어들은 본 발명에서의 기능을 고려하여 정의된 용어들로서, 이는 사용자, 운용자의 의도 또는 판례 등에 따라 달라질 수 있으며, 이에 따라 각 용어의 의미는 본 명세서 전반에 걸친 내용을 토대로 해석되어야 할 것이다.
먼저 본 발명은 폴리-L-락틱산 필러(PLLA)와 히알루론산 필러(HA)의 결합체를 제조하기 위하여 PLLA를 동결건조하고 BDDE를 이용하여 HA를 가교하며, 가교한 HA를 PLLA 바이얼에 주입하여 믹스한 후 주사기로 뽑아 시술할 수 있도록 하고자 한 것이다.
본 발명에서 폴리-L-락틱산(PLLA, 폴리L-락틱산 또는 폴리L-젖산이라고도 함)은 인간 면역 결핍 바이러스(HIV)에 감염된 환자의 안면 지질 강직에 대한 미국 FDA의 승인을 받은 필러로서, 사탕수수 등의 식물로부터 추출된 성분이다. 또한 히알루론산(Hyaluronic Acid, HA)는 1934년 메이어(Meyer)와 팔머(Palmer)에 의해 눈의 유리액(Vitreous Humor)에서 처음 분리된 음이온 뮤코다당체(Polyanionic Mucopoly-saccharide)로서 자연계에 널리 존재하는 생체 유래 고분자 물질이다.
히알루론산은 동물의 피부, 근육, 골격, 혈액, 림프, 태반, 눈, 연골, 활액 등 거의 모든 조직에 다양한 분자량(100~1,000만 Dalton)으로 분포하며, 그 중 피부조직에 가장 많이 분포되어 있다. 히알루론산은 국내외 조직수복용(인체 조직의 대체 및 재건 용도) 의료성분으로 개발되어 사용되고 있으며, 피부미용 및 성형 분야에서도 널리 사용되고 있다.
또한 본 발명에서 설명하고 있는 '결합체'의 의미는 폴리-L-락틱산 필러와 히알루론산 필러의 단순한 혼합물이지, 특정한 형태의 물리적 또는 화학적인 결합체는 아니다.
실시예 1. PLLA(폴리-L-락틱산) 혼합 분말의 제조
PLLA 혼합물을 제조하기 위하여, 먼저 분자량 15만 Kda(킬로달톤, Kilo dalton) 정도의 PLLA(폴리-L-락틱산)를 준비하였다. 상기 PLLA에 CMC(카르복시메틸셀룰로스)와 마니톨(Mannitol)을 혼합한 후 동결건조 하였다. 이 때 상기 동결건조는 영하 60~100도에서 12 내지 24시간의 초기 동결건조 단계와, 15~25도에서 5일~10일 동안 건조하는 후기 건조단계로 진행하였다.
상기 동결건조된 PLLA 혼합물을 오버헤드 스티어러를 이용하여 30um 내지 100um(적절하게는 50um)의 범위의 크기로 분쇄하고, 감마레이 멸균을 실시하여 PLLA 혼합 분말을 제조하였다.
실시예 2. W/O/W 에멀젼의 제조
수중유중수((Water in Oil) in Water, W/O/W) 유형의 다중 에멀젼을 다음과 같은 두 단계의 절차로 제조하였다.
통증 완화제 및/또는 항생제로 구성된 약물이 5mg/ml의 농도로 용해되어 있는 인산염 5mM 완충용액을 1차 중심물질(W1), 상기 실시예 1에서 제조한 PLLA 혼합물, 생분해성 고분자, MCT(중간사슬 트리글리세라이드)오일 및 유화제인 PGPR(폴리글리세롤 폴리리시놀리에이트)를 혼합하고 교반하여 오일상(O)을 수득하고, 이를 균질화하여 1차 에멀젼인 W1/O 에멀젼을 제조하였다.
W/O/W 에멀젼 제조를 위하여, 상기 W1/O 에멀젼을 피복하기 위한 2차 피복물질(W2)을 다음과 같이 제조하였다.
먼저, 분자량 200만 Kda 정도의 HA를 가교제인 BDDE(부탄디올 디글리시딜 에테르)와 일정한 비율로 섞은 후 젤화시키고, 젤화된 HA를 인산완충액으로 세척하였다. 인산완충액은 HA 100gram 당 30~80리터(적절하게는 50리터)를 사용하였다.
세척이 완료된 HA를 80~120메쉬(Mesh)의 일정한 크기의 메쉬를 통과시켜 균일한 입자의 가교 HA를 수득하였다. 이때, 최적의 메쉬 구멍의 크기는 100메쉬를 사용할 수 있다.
상기 가교 HA에 증류수를 첨가한 후, 균질기를 이용하여 9,400 rpm에서 5분 동안 혼합하였다. 이 물질을 다시 균질기를 이용하여 14,000 rpm에서 5분동안 추가적으로 균질화 하여 2차 피복물질(W2)을 수득하였다.
그 다음 W1/O 에멀젼 25%(w/w)와 상기 2차 피복물질(W2) 75%(w/w)를 혼합하여 교반기에서 400rpm으로 5분간 교반 하였으며, 이를 균질기를 이용하여 균질화(5분, 20,000rpm)하여 PLLA-HA W/O/W 에멀젼을 제조하였다.
실시예 3. 분무건조를 이용한 이중미세캡슐 제조
상기 실시예 2에서 제조한 W/O/W 에멀젼을 분무건조기(Eyela spray-dryer SD-1000, Eyela, Tokyo, Japan)를 이용하여 분말형태의 미세캡슐로 제조하였다. 구체적인 주입 공기 온도 130±5℃, 배출 공기 온도 80±5℃, 회전 분무기 10×10 kPa, 송풍기 속도 0.80 m3/min 및 펌프 속도 1.0 mL/min로 조정하였다.
상기 과정을 통해 제조된 이중미세캡슐은 바이얼에 주입한 후 한번 더 감마레이 멸균을 실시하여 -20°C에서 냉동 보관하였다.
본 발명은 상기 이중미세캡슐화 된 PLLA-HA W/O/W 에멀젼에 주사용수를 주입하면 바로 사용 가능한 것을 특징으로 하며, 구체적으로 페이스용의 필러를 제조할 경우 이중미세캡슐 10mg당 증류수 15~25ml를 혼합하고, 바디용의 필러를 제조할 경우 이중미세캡슐 10mg당 증류수 25~35cc를 혼합하여 제조할 수 있다.
상기 이중미세캡슐화 된 PLLA-HA W/O/W 에멀젼은 제조 공정 중 미세화 및 균질화가 완료된 것으로서, 종래에 존재하던 사용 전 주사용수를 혼합한 후 현탁시켜 2시간 이상 방치한 뒤 사용해야 하는 문제점 및 주사제 조성물 내부에서 PLLA등의 입자가 응집하는 문제가 해소된 것이다.
이와 같이 본 발명은 종래의 PLLA 필러 제품(예, 스컬트라 등의 제품)의 단점인 주입시 초기볼륨 형성까지의 시간을 6~8주 이상을 단축시키고, 기존 PLLA 필러의 다른 단점인 육아종 형성을 최소화하기 위해서 가교 히알루론산을 결합한 형태를 기본으로 하되, 이러한 발명에서 한발 더 나아가, 이들을 미세입자화 함으로써 불충분한 혼합시간 또는 장기간 보관하여도 PLLA의 응집형상이 현저히 줄어든 것을 특징으로 한다.
나아가, 본 발명의 서방성 이중미세캡슐은 생분해성 고분자 입자인 PLLA의 내부에 통증완화제 또는 항생제가 담지된 형태로서, 체내에서 분해됨에 따라 지속적으로 통증완화제를 방출하는 것을 특징으로 하는 바, 필러 시술에 의해 발생할 수 있는 통증 및 감염 문제를 해결할 수 있는 것을 특징으로 한다.
전술한 본 발명의 설명은 예시를 위한 것이며, 본 발명이 속하는 기술분야의 통상의 지식을 가진 자는 본 발명의 기술적 사상이나 필수적인 특징을 변경하지 않고서 다른 구체적인 형태로 쉽게 변형이 가능하다는 것을 이해할 수 있을 것이다. 그러므로 이상에서 기술한 실시예들은 모든 면에서 예시적인 것이며 한정적이 아닌 것으로 이해해야만 한다. 예를 들어, 단일형으로 설명되어 있는 각 구성 요소는 분산되어 실시될 수도 있으며, 마찬가지로 분산된 것으로 설명되어 있는 구성 요소들도 결합된 형태로 실시될 수 있다.
본 발명의 범위는 후술하는 청구범위에 의하여 나타내어지며, 청구범위의 의미 및 범위 그리고 그 균등 개념으로부터 도출되는 모든 변경 또는 변형된 형태가 본 발명의 범위에 포함되는 것으로 해석되어야 한다.
Claims (1)
- (a) PLLA(폴리-L-락틱산)에 CMC(카르복시메틸셀룰로스)와 마니톨을 섞은 후 동결 건조시키고, 일정한 크기로 분쇄한 후 감마레이 멸균을 실시하여 PLLA 혼합물을 제조하는 PLLA 혼합물 제조단계;
(b) HA(히알루론산)를 BDDE(부탄디올 디글리시딜 에테르) 가교제와 섞은 후 젤화시키고, 인산완충액으로 세척한 다음, 균일한 입자의 가교 HA를 얻은 후 메쉬를 통과시켜 균일한 입자의 가교 HA를 수득하는 HA 혼합물 제조단계;
(c) 통증 완화제인 리도카인(Lidocaine) 및 항생제인 옥사실린(oxacillin)이 5mg/ml의 농도로 용해되어 있는 1차 중심물질(W1), 상기 (a) 단계에서 수득한 PLLA 혼합물, 생분해성 고분자 및 유기용매를 균질화하여 1차 에멀젼(W1/O)을 수득하는 단계;
(d) 상기 가교 HA에 증류수를 첨가하여 2차 피복물질(W2)을 수득하는 단계;
(e) 상기 1차 에멀젼(W1/O) 25%(w/w) 및 2차 피복물질(W2) 75%(w/w)을 혼합하여 PLLA-HA W/O/W 에멀젼을 수득하는 단계; 및
(f) 상기 (e) 단계의 PLLA-HA W/O/W 에멀젼을 분무건조하여 이중미세캡슐을 제조하는 단계;를 포함하고,
상기 분무건조는 주입 공기 온도가 125℃내지 135℃사이이고 배출 공기 온도가 75℃내지 85℃사이이며, 회전 분무기 10×10 kPa, 송풍기 속도 0.80 m3/min 및 펌프 속도 1.0 mL/min인 조건에서 수행되는, PLLA-HA 이중미세캡슐 함유 필러의 제조방법.
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KR102381173B1 (ko) | 2022-04-01 |
EP3845253A1 (en) | 2021-07-07 |
BR112021013181A2 (pt) | 2021-09-28 |
EP3845253A4 (en) | 2022-05-04 |
KR102381182B1 (ko) | 2022-04-01 |
KR20210063260A (ko) | 2021-06-01 |
US11865225B2 (en) | 2024-01-09 |
WO2021101140A1 (ko) | 2021-05-27 |
KR102381172B1 (ko) | 2022-04-01 |
PT3845253T (pt) | 2023-05-12 |
EP3845253B1 (en) | 2023-03-22 |
US20210369913A1 (en) | 2021-12-02 |
KR20210063262A (ko) | 2021-06-01 |
ES2946077T3 (es) | 2023-07-12 |
KR20210063261A (ko) | 2021-06-01 |
KR102381177B1 (ko) | 2022-04-01 |
KR102183845B1 (ko) | 2020-11-30 |
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