KR20190126184A - 폐가스로부터의 이산화황의 재생 회수 - Google Patents
폐가스로부터의 이산화황의 재생 회수 Download PDFInfo
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- KR20190126184A KR20190126184A KR1020197031847A KR20197031847A KR20190126184A KR 20190126184 A KR20190126184 A KR 20190126184A KR 1020197031847 A KR1020197031847 A KR 1020197031847A KR 20197031847 A KR20197031847 A KR 20197031847A KR 20190126184 A KR20190126184 A KR 20190126184A
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- Prior art keywords
- sulfur dioxide
- stripper
- gas
- solution
- absorption solution
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- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 921
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- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
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- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000005498 phthalate group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001508 potassium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002635 potassium citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium citrate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000011082 potassium citrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SVICABYXKQIXBM-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium malate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)CC([O-])=O SVICABYXKQIXBM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001415 potassium malate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011033 potassium malate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003890 succinate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L thiosulfate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]S([S-])(=O)=O DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005200 wet scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
도 1은 통합된 이산화황 스트리퍼 및 열 펌프 시스템을 포함하는, 이산화황-함유 폐가스로부터 이산화황을 선별적으로 제거하고 회수하는 본 발명의 방법의 일 실시 형태를 나타내는 개략 흐름도.
<도 2>
도 2는 증기 압축을 이용하는, 이산화황-함유 폐가스로부터 이산화황을 선별적으로 제거하고 회수하는 본 발명의 방법의 다른 실시 형태를 나타내는 개략 흐름도.
<도 3>
도 3은 실시예 1에 기재된 배치식 흡수기 실험에 사용된 장치의 개략 흐름도.
<도 4>
도 4는 실시예 1에 기재된 배치식 흡수기 실험에서 조사된, 다양한 카르복실산 염에 대한 기체상 중 이산화황의 농도의 함수로서의, 카르복실산 염의 몰당 흡수된 이산화황의 몰 비의 그래프.
<도 5>
도 5는 실시예 2에 기재된 흡수기 컬럼 실험에 사용된 장치의 개략 흐름도.
<도 6>
도 6은 실시예 3에 기재된 스트리퍼 실험에 사용된 장치의 개략 흐름도.
<도 7a>
도 7a는 흡수기 전반의 장치를 나타내는, 실시예 5에 기재된 연속식 흡수기 및 스트리퍼 실험에 사용된 장치의 일부의 개략 흐름도.
<도 7b>
도 7b는 흡수기 후 스트리퍼까지의 장치를 나타내는, 실시예 5에 기재된 연속식 흡수기 및 스트리퍼 실험에 사용된 장치의 일부의 개략 흐름도.
상응하는 참조 부호는 도면 전반에서 상응하는 구성요소를 나타낸다.
Claims (12)
- 이산화황-함유 폐가스로부터 이산화황을 선별적으로 제거하고 회수하는 방법으로서,
이산화황 흡수기에서, 폐가스를, 소듐 말레이트를 포함하는 완충된 수성 흡수 용액과 접촉시키고, 그에 의해서 폐가스로부터 이산화황을 흡수 용액 내로 흡수시키고, 이산화황이 제거된 배기 가스와 이산화황-풍부 흡수 용액을 생성하는 단계;
이산화황 스트리퍼(stripper)에서 이산화황-풍부 흡수 용액을 가열하여 이산화황을 탈착시키고, 그에 의해서 재생 이산화황 흡수 용액과 이산화황-풍부 스트리퍼 가스를 생성하는 단계; 및
재생 이산화황 흡수 용액을 이산화황 흡수기로 재도입하는 단계를 포함하는 방법. - 이산화황-함유 폐가스로부터 이산화황을 선별적으로 제거하고 회수하는 방법으로서,
이산화황 흡수기에서, 폐가스와 산소를 포함하는 폐가스를, 다양성자성 카르복실산의 염, 및 아스코르브산, 에틸렌다이아민테트라아세트산, p-페닐렌다이아민, 하이드로퀴논 및 그 혼합물로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 산화 억제제를 포함하는 완충된 수성 흡수 용액과 접촉시키고, 그에 의해서 폐가스로부터 이산화황을 흡수 용액 내로 흡수시키고, 이산화황이 제거된 배기 가스와 이산화황-풍부 흡수 용액을 생성하는 단계;
이산화황 스트리퍼에서 이산화황-풍부 흡수 용액을 가열하여 이산화황을 탈착시키고, 그에 의해서 재생 이산화황 흡수 용액과 이산화황-풍부 스트리퍼 가스를 생성하는 단계; 및
재생 이산화황 흡수 용액을 이산화황 흡수기로 재도입하는 단계
를 포함하는 것인 방법. - 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 수성 이산화황-풍부 흡수 용액으로부터 이산화황을 회수하는 단계를 추가로 포함하며,
여기서, 상기 방법은, 이산화황 스트리퍼에서 이산화황-풍부 흡수 용액을 가열하여 재생 이산화황 흡수 용액과 수증기를 포함하는 이산화황-풍부 스트리퍼 가스를 생성하는 단계 직후에, 그리고 재생 이산화황 흡수 용액을 이산화황 흡수기로 재도입하는 단계 이전에,
이산화황 스트리퍼의 고온 오버헤드 응축기에서 이산화황-풍부 스트리퍼 가스를 냉각하여 수증기를 응축하고, 이산화황 및 수증기를 포함하는 고온 오버헤드 응축기 가스 유출물과 이산화황을 포함하는 수성 응축물을 생성하고, 이산화황 스트리퍼의 리보일러(reboiler)에서 재생 이산화황 흡수 용액을 가열하되, 여기서 고온 오버헤드 응축기는 이산화황-풍부 스트리퍼 가스로부터의 열전달 시에 냉매가 증발되는 열 펌프 시스템 증발기를 포함하고, 이산화황 스트리퍼의 리보일러는 재생 이산화황 흡수 용액으로의 열전달 시에 냉매가 응축되는 열 펌프 시스템 응축기를 포함하고, 재생 이산화황 흡수 용액은 수성 응축물의 온도를 약 20℃ 이하로 초과하는 온도로 가열되며,
응축물 스트리퍼에서 고온 오버헤드 응축기로부터의 수성 응축물을 가열하여 이산화황을 탈착시키고, 수성 응축물로부터 탈착된 이산화황 및 수증기를 포함하는 응축물 스트리퍼 가스를 생성하고,
저온 응축기에서 응축물 스트리퍼 가스 및 고온 오버헤드 응축기 가스 유출물을 냉각하여 수증기를 응축하고, 수성 응축물에서 그리고 고온 오버헤드 응축기 가스 유출물에서 얻어진 이산화황을 포함하는 회수된 이산화황 스트림 및 이산화황이 격감된 스트리핑된 응축물 유출물을 생성하는 것을 추가로 포함하는 방법. - 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 수성 이산화황-풍부 흡수 용액으로부터 이산화황을 회수하는 단계를 추가로 포함하며,
여기서, 상기 방법은, 이산화황 스트리퍼에서 이산화황-풍부 흡수 용액을 가열하여 재생 이산화황 흡수 용액과 수증기를 포함하는 이산화황-풍부 스트리퍼 가스를 생성하는 단계 직후에, 그리고 재생 이산화황 흡수 용액을 이산화황 흡수기로 재도입하는 단계 이전에,
이산화황-풍부 스트리퍼 가스의 압력을 증가시키고,
이산화황 스트리퍼의 리보일러에서, 가압된 이산화황-풍부 스트리퍼 가스를 재생 이산화황 흡수 용액으로의 열전달에 의해 냉각하여 수증기를 응축하고 이산화황 및 수증기를 포함하는 리보일러 가스 유출물과 이산화황을 포함하는 수성 응축물을 생성하고,
응축물 스트리퍼에서 리보일러로부터의 수성 응축물을 가열하여 이산화황을 탈착시키고, 수성 응축물로부터 탈착된 이산화황 및 수증기를 포함하는 응축물 스트리퍼 가스를 생성하고,
저온 응축기에서 응축물 스트리퍼 가스 및 리보일러 가스 유출물을 냉각하여 수증기를 응축하고, 수성 응축물에서 그리고 리보일러 가스 유출물에서 얻어진 이산화황을 포함하는 회수된 이산화황 스트림 및 이산화황이 격감된 스트리핑된 응축물 유출물을 생성하는 것을 추가로 포함하는 방법. - 폐가스로부터 이산화황 및 NOx를 동시에 제거하고 이산화황을 회수하는 방법으로서,
흡수기에서, NOx를 포함하는 이산화황-함유 폐가스를, 다양성자성 카르복실산의 염, 아스코르브산, 및 킬레이팅제와 금속 양이온을 포함하는 금속 킬레이트 (금속 착물)를 포함하는 완충된 수성 흡수 용액과 접촉시키고, 그에 의해서 폐가스로부터 이산화황 및 NOx를 흡수 용액 내로 흡수시키고, 이산화황 및 NOx가 제거된 배기 가스와, 이산화황 및 NOx가 풍부하며 바이설파이트 음이온을 포함하는 흡수 용액을 생성하는 단계;
흡수 용액에 흡수된 NOx를 환원시켜 질소 및 바이설파이트 음이온을 형성하는 단계;
이산화황 스트리퍼에서 흡수 용액을 가열하여 이산화황을 탈착시키고, 그에 의해서 재생 흡수 용액과 이산화황 및 질소를 포함하는 스트리퍼 가스를 생성하는 단계; 및
재생 이산화황 흡수 용액을 이산화황 흡수기로 재도입하는 단계
를 포함하는 것인 방법. - 제2항 또는 제5항에 있어서, 수성 흡수 용액은 다양성자성 카르복실산 또는 그 염을 포함하며, 다양성자성 카르복실산 또는 그 염은 각각 pKa 값을 갖는 복수의 해리를 겪을 수 있으며, pKa 값 중 적어도 하나는 25℃에서 약 3 내지 약 10인 방법.
- 제6항에 있어서, 수성 흡수 용액은 다양성자성 카르복실산 또는 그 염을 포함하고, 다양성자성 카르복실산 또는 그 염은 각각 pKa 값을 갖는 복수의 해리를 겪을 수 있으며, pKa 값 중 적어도 하나는 25℃에서 약 4 내지 약 7인 방법.
- 제6항에 있어서, 수성 흡수 용액은 말산의 금속염을 포함하는 방법.
- 제1항, 제2항 및 제5항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 이산화황-풍부 흡수 용액은 외부로부터의 열의 부가 없이 폐가스 및/또는 재생 이산화황 흡수 용액으로부터 열을 전달함으로써 가열되는 방법.
- 제1항, 제2항 및 제5항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 이산화황-풍부 흡수 용액은 폐가스 및/또는 재생 이산화황 흡수 용액으로부터의 열을 전달함으로써 가열되고, 스트리퍼로 도입되는 이산화황 흡수 용액과 재생 흡수 용액 사이의 온도차는 약 40℃ 미만인 방법.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 재생 이산화황 흡수 용액을 이산화황 흡수기로 재도입하기 전에, 재생 이산화황 흡수 용액의 슬립 스트림(slip stream)을 처리하는 단계를 추가로 포함하며, 상기 처리 단계는
스트리퍼를 빠져나온 재생 흡수 용액의 적어도 일부를 슬립 스트림으로서 우회시키고,
약 40℃ 이상의 온도에서 재생 이산화황 흡수 용액의 슬립 스트림으로부터 물을 증발시켜 설페이트 염이 과포화된 농축 흡수 용액을 생성하고,
농축 흡수 용액으로부터 설페이트 염 결정을 침전시켜 침전된 설페이트 염 결정 및 모액을 포함하는 결정화 슬러리를 형성하고,
설페이트 염 결정을 모액으로부터 분리하여, 다양성자성 카르복실산 염을 포함하는 처리된 흡수 용액을 형성하는 것을 포함하며,
상기 처리된 흡수 용액은 재생 흡수 용액의 나머지와 합해지고, 이는 이산화황 흡수기로 재도입되는 방법. - 제11항에 있어서, 농축 흡수 용액으로부터 침전된 설페이트 염 결정은 황산나트륨 결정을 포함하고, 물은 황산나트륨 10수화물 또는 글라우버 염 (Glauber's salt; Na2SO4·10H2O)의 형성 및 침전을 실질적으로 억제하는 조건 하에서 흡수 용액으로부터 증발되는 방법.
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