KR20170042661A - 희토류 원소의 추출 및 분리 방법 - Google Patents
희토류 원소의 추출 및 분리 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR20170042661A KR20170042661A KR1020177006513A KR20177006513A KR20170042661A KR 20170042661 A KR20170042661 A KR 20170042661A KR 1020177006513 A KR1020177006513 A KR 1020177006513A KR 20177006513 A KR20177006513 A KR 20177006513A KR 20170042661 A KR20170042661 A KR 20170042661A
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- rare earth
- earth element
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- solution
- oxide
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- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 213
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title description 10
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- -1 rare earth salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium oxalate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 16
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N thulium atom Chemical compound [Tm] FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XZXYQEHISUMZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(CC=2C(=CC=C(C)C=2)O)=C1 XZXYQEHISUMZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bromide Chemical compound [NH4+].[Br-] SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940107816 ammonium iodide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium atom Chemical compound [Ho] KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012804 iterative process Methods 0.000 description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003701 mechanical milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aqua regia Chemical compound Cl.O[N+]([O-])=O QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- IKNAJTLCCWPIQD-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(3+);lanthanum(3+);neodymium(3+);oxygen(2-);phosphate Chemical compound [O-2].[La+3].[Ce+3].[Nd+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O IKNAJTLCCWPIQD-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005363 electrowinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hcl hcl Chemical compound Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012770 industrial material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000014413 iron hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000398 iron phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Fe+2] NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002681 magnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052590 monazite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F17/00—Compounds of rare earth metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
- C22B3/06—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in inorganic acid solutions, e.g. with acids generated in situ; in inorganic salt solutions other than ammonium salt solutions
-
- C01F17/0043—
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F17/00—Compounds of rare earth metals
- C01F17/20—Compounds containing only rare earth metals as the metal element
- C01F17/206—Compounds containing only rare earth metals as the metal element oxide or hydroxide being the only anion
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F17/00—Compounds of rare earth metals
- C01F17/20—Compounds containing only rare earth metals as the metal element
- C01F17/253—Halides
- C01F17/259—Oxyhalides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/44—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B59/00—Obtaining rare earth metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C1/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
- C25C1/22—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of metals not provided for in groups C25C1/02 - C25C1/20
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Y02P10/234—
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Abstract
Description
도 1은, 본 발명의 바람직한 실시형태에 따라 희토류 원소를 추출 및 분리하는 방법의 기본적인 모식적 흐름도이다.
도 2는, 본 발명의 바람직한 실시형태에 따라 수성 희토류 농축물로부터 희토류 원소를 회수하기 위한 모식적 흐름도이다.
도 3은, 본 발명의 바람직한 실시형태에 따라 희토류 원소를 추출 및 분리하는 방법을 예시하는 흐름도이다.
Claims (12)
- 희토류 원소 함유 광석을 제공하는 단계;
희토류 원소 함유 광석을 분쇄하여, 분말 광석을 형성하는 단계;
분말 광석을 1종 이상의 무기산으로 침출시켜, 희토류 원소 및 고형물을 포함하는 침출액을 형성하는 단계;
상기 침출액으로부터 고형물을 분리하여, 수성 희토류 농축물을 형성하는 단계;
수성 희토류 농축물을 석출시켜, 상기 침출액으로부터 희토류 원소를 선택적으로 제거하고 희토류 원소의 석출물을 얻는 단계;
희토류 원소의 석출물을 공기 중에서 가열하여, 희토류 원소의 산화물을 형성하는 단계;
희토류 원소의 산화물을 암모늄염과 혼합하고 가열하여, 무수 희토류염을 형성하는 단계;
수용액 중 무수 희토류염의 혼합물을 형성하는 단계; 및
전해채취 공정에 의해 상기 수용액으로부터 희토류 원소를 분리하는 단계
를 포함하는, 희토류 원소를 추출하고 분리하는 방법. - 희토류 함유 광석을 분쇄하여, 분말 광석을 형성하는 단계;
분말 광석을 1종 이상의 무기산으로 침출시켜, 1종 이상의 희토류 원소 및 고형물을 포함하는 침출액을 형성하는 단계;
상기 침출액으로부터 고형물을 분리하는 단계;
상기 침출액에 옥살산을 첨가하여, 희토류 옥살레이트 농축물을 석출시키는 단계;
희토류 옥살레이트 농축물을 공기 중에서 가열하여, 희토류 농축물의 산화물을 형성하는 단계;
희토류 농축물의 산화물과 암모늄염을 혼합하고 공기 중에서 가열하여, 무수 희토류염을 형성하는 단계;
수용액 중 무수 희토류염의 혼합물을 형성하는 단계; 및
전해채취 공정에 의해 상기 수용액으로부터 희토류 원소를 분리하는 단계
를 포함하는, 희토류 함유 광석으로부터 희토류 원소를 추출하는 방법. - 제2항에 있어서, 무기산이 pH 1 미만이 되는 농도인 방법.
- 제3항에 있어서, 무기산이 HCl, HNO3, 및 H2SO4를 포함하는 무기산의 군으로부터 선택되는 것인 방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 침출액으로부터 1종 이상의 금속 이온을 제거하는 단계를 더 포함하는 방법.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 침출액으로부터 1종 이상의 금속 이온을 제거하는 단계가, 산화마그네슘(MgO)을 이용하여 pH 14로 적정하는 것을 더 포함하는 것인 방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 옥살산을 첨가하는 단계를, 산화마그네슘을 이용하여 적정하는 단계로 대체하는 것인 방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 옥살산을 첨가하는 단계를, 산화마그네슘을 이용하여 pH 7로 적정하여 희토류 수산화물을 생성하는 단계로 대체하는 것인 방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 옥살산을 첨가하는 단계를, 카보네이트를 이용하여 pH 7로 적정하여 카보네이트 농축물을 생성하는 단계로 대체하는 것인 방법.
- 광석 재료를 무기산 용액으로 침출시키는 단계로서, 상기 무기산 용액은 옥살레이트 화합물을 포함하는 것인 단계;
상기 무기산 용액을 교반하여, 상기 광석 재료로부터 희토류 원소를 고갈시키는 단계;
고갈된 광석 재료를 상기 무기산 용액으로부터 분리하는 단계;
염기로 적정하여, 희토류 옥살레이트 농축물을 생성하는 단계;
희토류 옥살레이트 농축물로부터 1종 이상의 금속 이온을 제거하는 단계;
옥살산을 첨가하여, 희토류 옥살레이트 농축물을 석출시키는 단계;
희토류 옥살레이트 농축물을 공기 중에서 가열하여, 희토류 농축물의 산화물을 형성하는 단계;
희토류 원소의 산화물을 암모늄염과 혼합하고 가열하여, 무수 희토류염을 형성하는 단계;
수용액 중 무수 희토류염의 혼합물을 형성하는 단계; 및
전해채취 공정에 의해 상기 수용액으로부터 희토류 원소를 분리하는 단계
를 포함하는, 희토류 원소 함유 광석 재료로부터 희토류 원소를 추출하는 방법. - 제10항에 있어서, 옥살레이트 화합물이 옥살산암모늄을 포함하는 것인 방법.
- 제10항에 있어서, 염기가 산화마그네슘으로 이루어지는 것인 방법.
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