KR20100020490A - Concrete sleeper - Google Patents

Abstract

Monoblock reinforced concrete sleeper (10) for a solid track having reinforcement (12), wherein the reinforcement is exposed with a section underneath the base or bottom area of the concrete sleeper. In order to be able to predefine the anchoring capability of the concrete sleeper within a desired range and at the same time to ensure that circuit systems are not disrupted by the reinforcement, it is proposed that the reinforcement (12) is a section of a construction steel mesh for an N-sided polygonal column with N > 3 bent section of a construction steel mat, and the exposed section of the reinforcement is the support for longitudinal rods, and that the longitudinal and transverse rods of the construction steel mesh are electrically insulated on the outside.

Description

Concrete sleeper {Concrete sleeper}

The present invention has a reinforcing bar comprising a longitudinal rod and a transverse rod, wherein the reinforcing sections extending transverse to the longitudinal axis of the integral reinforced concrete sleepers are exposed below the base or bottom of the integral concrete sleepers, in particular at least two rails. An integrated reinforced concrete sleeper for a direct track for accommodating a fixing part.

DE-A-100 04 346 relates to a monolithic reinforced concrete sleeper with reinforcing bars comprising U-shaped stirrups spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction, under the base to accommodate longitudinal rods and transverse rods. The free ends of the reinforcing bars are formed in the form of hooks.

Integral reinforced concrete sleepers according to DE-C-197 41 059 comprise reinforcing bars made of stirrups spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction of the sleepers. The shape of the stirrup is an open rectangle. A continuous, ie uninterrupted section of the stirrup extends below the sleeper base. The concrete sleepers are supported on the support feet to cast in the correct position in the poured concrete, the width of the support feet being less than the length of the sleeper section extending below the sleepers. Each side leg of the section extending outside the support may be connected to a tie-bar extending longitudinally of the sleeper.

Two-block concrete sleepers are known from DE-A-199 63 664. The blocks are connected to each other by a grating truss and a longitudinal truss extending longitudinally of the rail can be inserted into the block.

The structure of a direct track comprising two rails of concrete, each with rail fixings, is known from DE-U-200 11 481. The reinforcing bars of the individual blocks are formed in a closed loop, which partly extends below the block base. Longitudinal bars and transverse bars can be inserted in the loop. Inside each of the blocks loops are connected to a welded rebar rod.

Two-block sleepers made of concrete are known from DE C-198 16 407. The rebar consists of a so-called lattice truss, which comprises three longitudinal rods forming the corners of the triangular prism and two bent lines connecting them. Due to the structure of the rebar, different lattice trusses must be used depending on the resistance moment to be achieved, so different rebars must be properly stocked.

In the direct track according to EP-A-0 905 319 the sleeper comprises a stirrup and tie-bar extending below the base, whereby the sleeper is coupled into the pour concrete of the direct track.

The stirrup protrudes above the base or bottom of the concrete sleeper according to DE-U-297 03 508, to which the stub is assigned a stirrup starting at the support plate of the direct track, which is connected to the stirrup.

According to DE-C-197 41 059, corresponding stubs or tie-bars spaced apart from each other are connected to longitudinal rods, which are cast in pour concrete extending on the support layer of the direct track.

DE-C-102 30 741 is known for two-block or multi-block reinforced concrete sleepers with rebar, the sleepers consisting of lattice trusses angled to a V-shape, the lattice trusses partially below the base of the concrete sleepers. Extends.

Concrete sleepers produced in roller molds for gravel beds according to WO-A-03 / 104562 comprise dynamic reinforcing meshes extending entirely within concrete sleepers as reinforcing bars according to an embodiment, formed by weaving from said reinforcing meshes The wires are welded at the edges, not at the intersection of the weaves.

DE-A-37 28 304 is known for railroad sleepers with rebar members, which are non-conductive or electrically insulated.

The demand of German railway AG is to form the structure of a direct track so that signal technology devices fixed on rails or track sleepers can be used without limitation. For this purpose, the use of an audible frequency track circuit should provide an insulating area for the bars of the direct track.

To check whether a train is present in the track section, a track circuit is used, in which an audio signal is supplied, with the rail being used as a conductor. The train sends out a signal, which is received and evaluated at a distant point.

The object of the present invention is not only to ensure the safe handling between the manufacturing location and the use location, but also to ensure that a certain check can be made by the circuit system operating sufficiently accurately when installed in a direct track so that signals can be transmitted to the track. It is to improve the integral reinforced concrete sleepers described above. In particular, the integral reinforcement concrete sleepers should be improved to meet the signal technical requirements in addition to the required support characteristics.

To achieve this object, the reinforcing bar is an N> column with N> 3 bent from one or more sections of the reinforcing bar, and the exposed rebar section comprises a continuous or substantially continuous section of the transverse rod of the reinforcing bar. The rebar section has at least two longitudinal rods of the reinforcing mesh, welded to the section, wherein the longitudinal rods of the reinforcing mesh and the outside of the transverse rods are electrically insulated or comprise an electrically insulating material.

In particular, the reinforcing bar is a trapezoidal quadrilateral, bent from one or more sections of the reinforcing bar, the exposed rebar section is a trapezoidal long base and comprises a continuous or substantially continuous section of the transverse rod of the reinforcing bar. And the exposed rebar section comprises at least two longitudinal rods of the reinforcing bar network, welded to the section, and additional longitudinal rods that can be inserted between the sections of the transverse rod and the base or can be caught in the sections. The length of the trapezoidal short base section, which is a support for and extends in the concrete sleeper, is interrupted, and at least the outside of the longitudinal rods and transverse rods in the exposed rebar sections of the reinforcing mesh is electrically insulated or comprises an electrically insulating material. do.

According to the invention, the longitudinal rods and transverse rods of the concrete sleeper rebar, ie rods of the rebar network, comprise an electrical insulator, so that electrical insulation of the concrete sleeper rebars is simpler than that of the bars of the direct track. To this end, certain insulating materials may be provided or coated in a reinforcing mesh, also called reinforcing mesh, for example by spray, dipping or flow dipping coating processes. Preferred layer thicknesses are from 5 to 100 μm, in particular from 5 to 50 μm. In particular, the electrically insulating material should have a resistivity R of 500 to 1500 μm.

Preferably the electrically insulating material is based on an epoxy resin. Other suitable materials are also contemplated. The reinforcing mesh or longitudinal rods and transverse rods of the reinforcing mesh can thus be surrounded by plastic such as polyamide, polyethylene, polycarbonate or PVC. Vanishes known for wire vanishing, such as polyester varnishes and polyesterimide varnishes, may also be used. Another example is a modified unsaturated solvent-free polyester synthetic resin.

This allows the sections used according to the invention of the reinforcing bar network to be used as reinforcing bars without modifying the manufacturing process, first providing the necessary electrical insulators.

According to the invention, the rebar consists of one or several curved sections of a concrete steel mesh, also called reinforcing steel mesh. Reinforcing bar mesh or reinforcing bar mesh generally consists of intersecting rods welded together. The section forming the reinforcing bar comprises at least two longitudinal rods, the longitudinal rods being welded to the section of the transverse rod, the transverse rods extending out of the sleeper base, ie down. The sections are basically formed continuously, i.e. not interrupted. However, even when the sections are separated, they are included in the scope of the present invention.

Preferably at least two longitudinal rods extend into the concrete sleeper.

The transverse rods are preferably bent to give a trapezoidal shape, with the shorter transverse ends extending apart from each other in the concrete sleepers. This allows for simple positioning of the reinforcing mesh or reinforcing mesh baskets because the tensioned tension wires can pass through the slots between the laterally spaced transverse sides. The long base of the curved transverse rod forms a support for the longitudinal rod to be inserted or hung. This allows a standard concrete sleeper with the same rebar to be produced, but the holding force of the sleeper in the direct track is varied by longitudinal rods that can be inserted or hooked further from the concrete sleeper. Therefore, a design suitable for a predetermined reinforcing bar strength can be achieved. When the legs of the exposed section of the rebar are straight, extending parallel or approximately parallel to the base, the longitudinal rods can be spaced apart from each other as necessary.

Irrespective of this, inexpensive manufacturing is possible due to the reinforcing bars from one or more sections of the reinforcing mesh. The longitudinal rods connecting the transverse rods also ensure that simple handling of the concrete sleepers is possible from the manufacturing position to the position where the concrete sleepers should be cast, without the risk of unacceptable deformation of the exposed rebar section. The manufacturing cost does not increase significantly due to the insulator, because in particular an inexpensive method of enclosing the reinforcing mesh or longitudinal rods and transverse rods of the reinforcing mesh with an electrically insulating layer, by immersion techniques or flow deposition coating processes, is given. Because.

The electrical insulator ensures that the rebar of the concrete sleeper is insulated against the rebar of the direct track. By this simple measure, an electrical signal can be introduced into the rail supported on the steel concrete sleeper formed according to the invention, which electrical signal is not weakened to the extent that damping is caused by the reinforcement, which leads to error analysis.

The present invention is particularly suitable for long sleepers comprising two rail anchors and having a length of at least 170 cm, preferably at least 220 cm. However, the present invention can also be applied to shorter one-piece reinforced concrete sleepers. The shorter reinforced concrete sleepers are also designed to accommodate the rail anchors and are connected to the corresponding long sleepers in the track. Short sleepers that receive rail fasteners generally have a length of 80 to 140 cm.

In particular, the cross section of the N-column has a U shape with a longitudinal side leg edge bent inward, preferably the transverse leg is a section extending below the base or bottom of the concrete sleeper.

Alternatively, the edges of the inwardly curved side legs may extend below the bottom or base of the concrete sleepers and may be connected through one or more stubs or wires. This ensures that the side legs do not deform uncontrolled when casting the concrete sleepers. The wire or stirrup (s) connecting the legs is used as a support for the additional longitudinal rods.

In particular, the trapezoidal shape is considered as the N-pole column for reinforcing bars, and it is particularly preferable that the cross section is an equilateral trapezoid. The short base of the N-pillar with a trapezoidal shape can be partially removed and extend into the concrete sleeper. This gives a gap which facilitates sewing the tension wire. In contrast, the long base extends below and along the base of the concrete sleeper.

The present invention is characterized in that the reinforcing bars consist of two trapezoidal bodies extending in parallel with each other and forming an N-column, respectively. Each long base should form a section extending below the concrete sleeper base. Regardless, the cross sections of the N-poles extending parallel to each other should have an equilateral trapezoidal shape.

In addition, in order to ensure a reliable structural arrangement that is not deformed by the casting of the concrete sleepers, the trapezoidal bodies can be connected by one or more stirrups or wires outside the concrete sleepers as N-pillars.

In a refinement of the invention, the stub connecting the lateral and base sides of the N-gon pillar is formed in the form of a mesh by a bent longitudinal edge, the longitudinal edge being further added to achieve the desired reinforcement strength in the direct track. Has a longitudinal rod. In this embodiment too, preferably short sides extending along the base of the concrete reinforcement and into the concrete sleepers should be interrupted to facilitate threading the tension wire.

In addition, the present invention is characterized in that the reinforcing bars surround at least a zig-zag-shaped grid truss with a U-shaped section bent into a concrete sleeper, the sections extending perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the concrete reinforcing bars.

In particular, the reinforcing bar surrounds two grids extending along the side of the concrete sleeper and partially curved in a V-shape with a U-shaped section extending into the concrete sleeper, which is connected via a C-shaped stub extending laterally to the longitudinal longitudinal axis of the concrete sleeper. And the transverse leg of the stubble extending below the concrete sleeper is a support for the longitudinal rod.

If the N pillar has four corners, preferably in the shape of a square or trapezoid in cross section, the reinforcing bars are formed as hollow cylinder bodies, so that the section extending below the base does not extend parallel to the floor of the concrete sleeper, but the floor It may have a concave shape with respect to the surface.

In addition, the present invention is directed to a concrete grouting on a support layer up to a predetermined height above a sleeper base and a direct track consisting of a track system consisting of a rail and the aforementioned integral reinforced concrete sleepers, positioned at the correct height and position on the support layer. It is about.

The integral reinforced concrete sleepers according to the invention are preferably half the height of a typical concrete sleeper.

Other details, advantages, and features of the invention are set forth in the claims, which include features alone and / or in combination, as well as in the description of the following preferred embodiments.

1 is a side view of a sleeper with rebar;

2 is a cross-sectional view of the sleeper according to FIG. 1.

Figure 3 is a view showing the separation of the rebar of the sleeper according to Figures 1 and 2.

4 is a side view of a second embodiment of a sleeper.

5 is a cross-sectional view of the concrete sleeper according to FIG. 4.

6 is a view showing the reinforcing bar of the concrete sleeper according to FIGS. 4 and 5.

7 is a side view of a third embodiment of a concrete sleeper with rebar;

8 is a cross-sectional view of the concrete sleeper according to FIG. 7.

9 is a view showing reinforcing bars of the concrete sleepers according to FIGS. 7 and 8.

10 is a side view of a fourth embodiment of a concrete sleeper with rebar;

11 is a cross-sectional view of the concrete sleeper according to FIG. 10.

12 is a view illustrating the reinforcing bars of the concrete sleepers according to FIGS. 10 and 11;

13 is a side view of a fifth embodiment of a concrete sleeper with rebar;

14 is a side view of a sixth embodiment of a concrete sleeper with rebar;

15 is a cross-sectional view of the concrete sleeper according to FIG. 14.

16 is a plan view of the concrete sleeper according to FIG.

17 is a top view of the reinforcing mesh.

18 is a cross-sectional view of the reinforced mesh according to FIG. 16 in a bent state;

19 is a cross-sectional view of an integrated reinforced concrete sleeper.

20 illustrates a portion of a concrete reinforced mesh.

1 to 15 and 19 show a schematic view of an integrated reinforced concrete sleeper for a direct track, which sleeper is in particular installed in the train area. It is the long sleeper that can be used in the train area. Concrete sleepers are cast into pour concrete, which is provided as a layer, in particular over a hydraulically bonded support layer. First, a support grid formed of concrete sleepers and rails, not shown in detail in the drawings, is placed on the correct position and height on a hydraulically coupled support layer that is an assembled support layer. In addition to the reinforcing bars of the concrete sleepers there are additional longitudinal rods and transverse rods or-irons extending in the direct tracks, which form the bars of the direct tracks. In accordance with the invention, no conductive connection is made and the rods or iron are in contact with the rebar of the concrete sleeper, because the reinforcement of the reinforced concrete sleeper is insulated against the longitudinal rods and transverse rods of the rebar of the direct track or-iron. Because it becomes.

The integral reinforced concrete sleepers are long sleepers of a length of 170 cm, in particular of at least 220 cm, on which at least two rail fastenings are arranged. However, the present invention also relates to shorter-length integral reinforced concrete sleepers suitable only for rail fastenings. Shorter sleepers may generally have a length of 80 to 140 cm and are connected to the long sleepers in the track.

In order to enable the integrated reinforced concrete sleepers to be manufactured inexpensively, as reinforcing bars, sections of the reinforcing mesh (also called reinforcing mesh), which in some cases are also a plurality of sections, are bent into columns or baskets of the desired shape. . Since the sections of the rebar extend below the base of the reinforced concrete sleepers, the exposed sections are used as support for additional longitudinal rods. Thereby, the fixing force of the sleepers in the direct track can be adjusted by simple measures. It can be adapted to the concrete used. At the same time, the resistance moment acts to simplify handling before casting into the concrete layer, giving the advantage of minimizing the damage and especially deformation of the reinforcing bars in the rebar sections extending out of the concrete sleepers.

In FIG. 17, the rebar mesh 150 is shown in an unbent state. Reinforcing mesh 150 consists of intersecting longitudinal rods 152, 154, 156, 158 and transverse rods welded thereto, two of which are denoted by 160 and 162. . In the embodiment the longitudinal rod and the transverse rods 152, 154, 156, 158 or 160, 162 are arranged perpendicular to each other, although other shapes are possible. In that regard, reference is made to conventional rebar meshes or rebar meshes and their shapes. The same applies to steel and rod diameters. The reinforcing mesh 150 is bent along the lines 164, 166, 168, 170 to give a trapezoidal shape, for example as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 18. Reinforcing bars indicated by reference numeral 172 have a rectangular pillar shape. Reinforcing bars 172 forming a trapezoidal case are generally inserted into the formwork for the production of integral reinforced concrete sleepers. In this case, preferably, the leg 161 extending into the concrete sleeper to be cast consists of two sections 163 and 165 spaced apart from each other, so that the tension wire can be threaded through the gap 167 thus formed, and The tension wire extends into the basket or trapezoid 172 at the finished concrete sleeper.

19 shows a cross-sectional view of an integral reinforced concrete sleeper 174 with rebar according to FIG. 18. Also shown in FIG. 19 are tension wires 169, 171 surrounded by a basket or trapezoid 172. Regardless, for use as support for the additional longitudinal rods 182, 184, the rebar 172 includes a long base 176 of the trapezoid 172, which has a section 178 of the base of the concrete sleeper 174. It is shown extending down. Although two are shown in the figure, the number may vary. Of course, additional longitudinal rods may not be provided. The longitudinal rods 182, 184 may be inserted or hung as shown basically in FIG. 18.

Regardless, the selected shape of the rebar 172, like a trapezoid, can be simply designed to fit the concrete in which the fastening force of the sleepers 174 is used within the direct track. However, the additional longitudinal rods 182, 184 also increase the resistance moment of the sleepers 176 to handling, thereby avoiding damage to the exposed section 178 of the rebar 172 and in particular the risk of deformation during transport.

As shown in part of the reinforcing mesh 150 according to FIG. 20, longitudinal rods, not shown in detail, to ensure electrical insulation of the reinforcing bars 172 of the integral reinforced concrete sleepers 174 to the reinforcing bars of the direct track. The transverse rod is surrounded by an electrically insulating layer 186. The electrical insulation can be a varnish, plastic casing or other suitable measure, which ensures that the longitudinal rods and transverse rods of the rebar 172 are entirely surrounded by the electrical insulation layer 186. In particular, the electrically insulating material may be an epoxy resin-based material, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Preferred methods for providing electrical insulators for the reinforcing mesh 150 are epoxy resin coating, flow dip coating or dip immersion methods. Polyester varnishes and polyesteramide varnish applications or polyamide, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polystyrol or PVC coatings are also present.

The thickness of the electrically insulating material layer should be 5 to 100 μm, in particular 5 to 50 μm. Also preferably the electrically insulating material should have a resistivity of 500 μm ≦ R ≦ 1500 μm.

Subsequently, different shapes and embodiments of the integral reinforced concrete sleepers are described, with each rebar being a curved section of the reinforced mesh as described above. Of course, the case where the reinforcing bar consists of a plurality of sections of the reinforcing mesh connected to each other after the corresponding bending is also included in the scope of the present invention. For this purpose in particular a tie wire can be used. Regardless, each rebar is surrounded by an electrically insulating material as described above, which is not described below.

1 and 2 basically show an integrated reinforced concrete sleeper 10 with two rail fixings 11, 13. Reinforced concrete sleepers 10 comprise reinforcing bars 12, which are made up of an open rectangular curved reinforcing bar with side leg longitudinal edges 14, 16 that are inwardly bent.

The reinforcing bar 12 thus consists of longitudinal rods 18, 20 extending into the concrete sleeper 10 and transverse rods 22, 24 connecting them. The longitudinal rods 18, 20 and the transverse rods 22, 24 can be designed in different dimensions. Preferably, the longitudinally extending longitudinal rods 18, 20 of the sleeper 10 have a diameter of, for example, 16 mm, and the transverse rods 22 extending laterally with respect to the longitudinal axis of the sleeper 10. , 24) has a diameter of approximately 6 mm. The transverse rods 22, 24 do not necessarily extend in a plane that extends perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the sleeper 10, but as described basically with respect to FIGS. 13 to 15, with respect to the longitudinal axis. For example, an angle of less than 45 ° to 90 ° may be formed.

The curved reinforcing mesh or reinforcing mesh forming the reinforcing bars 12 is opened underneath the concrete sleeper 10, so that the cross section does not form a closed square. Rather, it is U-shaped, and its side legs 26, 28 are bent or curved inwards (edge sections 14, 16). The edge sections 14, 16 thus form a V − or hook shape with the side legs 26, 28. The open shape is particularly advantageous in that the tension wire is fixed and insertion into the formwork where the concrete sleepers are cast is trouble free.

The side legs 22, 24 are connected via another section 30 of the reinforcing mesh which functions as a stub, which section 30 is at least two longitudinal rods welded to the transverse rod 37. 32, 33), the longitudinal rods are part of the reinforced mesh section. Further longitudinal rods 34, 35 may also be inserted. Section 30 may also be referred to as rebar section.

The stubble functioning section 30 ensures that when casting reinforced concrete sleepers, the side legs 26, 28 of the reinforcing bar 12 section deflected toward the grooves do not deform.

The insertion or locking of the additional longitudinal rods 34, 35 provides the advantage that the fixing force of the finished sleeper varies within a certain range. The resistance moment of the concrete sleeper 10 is also changed.

The longitudinal rods 34, 35 can be designed to the same dimensions as the longitudinal rods 32, 33 welded to the transverse rod 37, but the invention is not limited thereto.

If two additional longitudinal rods 34, 35 are provided in the embodiment of the section used as a support and extend below the sleeper base, the number may be different.

The section has angled longitudinal edges 36, 38, which edges can be hung or fastened in the U-shaped section of the reinforcing rod 12 without problems as shown in FIG. 2. In particular, the bent longitudinal edges 36, 38 are bent around the longitudinal rods 40, 42 of the reinforcing mesh, the longitudinal rods 26 leading to the longitudinal side edges 14, 16. , 28) extends into the inner edge.

4 to 6 show that the concrete sleeper 44 comprises reinforcement 46 in the form of a column or partial basket, the reinforcing bars being longitudinally inclined inwards in accordance with FIGS. It has a U-shaped cross section, including 50), but the longitudinal edges differ from the embodiment of FIGS. 1-3 in that they extend into the integral concrete sleeper 44. The transverse legs 52 of the reinforcement 46, extending out of the concrete sleepers 44, are used as supports for the longitudinal rods 54, 56 to be inserted in a predetermined range. Regardless, longitudinal rods 55, 57 are started from the transverse leg 52, which are welded to the transverse leg 52.

As shown in the cross-sectional views of FIGS. 2 and 5, the reinforcing bars 12, 46 include tension wires 53, 58, 60, 62 of the reinforced concrete sleepers 10, 44, so that the transverse legs are omitted. Simple positioning and fixing becomes possible.

In addition, in the embodiment shown in the figures the reinforcing bars are continuous into the concrete sleepers in the longitudinal direction but the end faces thereof are not continuous. In order to reduce or prevent the formation of cracks in the concrete sleepers, the end faces of the reinforcing bars can be closed with a grid, for example.

If the reinforcing bars 12 and 46 have a closed or open cuboid structure, the unclosed side of the concrete sleeper 10 extends below the concrete sleeper, i.e. below the base 64 of the sleeper and functions as a stub When the wire is closed by a section 30 or other connecting member of the reinforcing mesh having a reinforcing mesh, the concrete sleepers 66 may include an open trapezoidal reinforcement 68 according to the embodiment of FIGS. 7 to 9. have. In other words, the cross section of the reinforcement 68, which is a curved rebar mesh with longitudinal rods 70 and 72 and transverse rods 74 and 76 extending laterally relative to the longitudinal rod, is trapezoidal in shape and has a long base ( 78 extends below the concrete sleeper 66, ie below the base 80 of the sleeper. The short base 82 is inserted into the concrete and is suspended, in particular as shown in FIG. 9. The base 78 is used according to the invention as a support and fixing for the additional longitudinal rods 84 and 86, by which the fixing force and the resistance moment of the concrete sleepers can be adjusted. Regardless, longitudinal rods 85, 87 are welded to the transverse rods 74, 76, which are located at the trapezoidal corner points according to FIG. 9. The longitudinal rods 85, 87 are thus part of the reinforcing mesh.

When the rebar, which may have a cuboid or trapezoidal shape in the longitudinal direction of the concrete sleepers 10, 44, 66, is extended, the cross section in the concrete sleeper 88 may be trapezoidal in accordance with the embodiment of FIGS. 10 to 12. Two rebars 90, 92 extending parallel to each other can be inserted, in which case the long base 94, 96 extends below the concrete sleeper 88, ie below the base of the sleeper 99. do. The base 94, 96 may preferably be suspended. That is, it may not be closed as in the cross-sectional view of FIGS. 11 and 12.

In order to exclude the rebars 90 and 92 from bending outward during casting of the concrete sleepers 88, the rebars are fixed to one another by means of a stub 98, a wire or a member having the same action under the concrete sleepers 88. Can be.

Regardless, the undersides 94, 96 of the reinforcing bars 90, 92 extending below the base 99 form a support for the additional longitudinal rods 100, 102 in accordance with the above-mentioned purposes.

Reinforcing bars 12, 46, 68, 90, 92 are in accordance with the invention a curved section of reinforcing mesh or reinforcing mesh and thus preferably comprise said longitudinal rods and transverse rods of different dimensions. In accordance with the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 12, the transverse rods shown at 22, 24, 74, and 76 in FIGS. 1 to 9 are longitudinal axes of each integral reinforced concrete sleeper 10, 44, 66, 88. Form a plane that extends perpendicular to.

According to the embodiment of FIG. 13, the reinforcing bar network can be folded over the diagonal of the rectangle formed by the longitudinal rod and the transverse rod to form the reinforcement 105. This is shown in FIG. The concrete sleeper 104 thus comprises only rods 106, 108 extending obliquely with respect to its longitudinal axis, and likewise the section 110 extending below the concrete sleeper 104 is the support of the longitudinal rod 112 or Form the fixing part.

14 to 16, the reinforcement 114 of the concrete sleeper 116 is a V-shaped grid 134, 136 or V-shaped extending parallel to the outer surface 118, 119 of the concrete sleeper 116. It is composed of a grid section consisting of legs 124, 126 given in. Legs 124 and 126 extend partially below concrete sleepers 116. The ends (peaks) extending into the concrete sleepers 116 are bent toward each other, thus giving a U shape in the side view (FIG. 15). The curved sections 128, 130 extend along the support surface 132 of the concrete sleeper 116. Corresponding grids 134, 136 extend along respective outer surfaces 118, 119.

The grids 134, 136 are connected via a stub 138 extending transverse to the concrete sleeper longitudinal axis, having a C-shaped cross section, and the transverse legs of the grid extending below the concrete sleeper 116 ( From 140, longitudinal rods 142, 143 welded according to the invention are started. Corresponding longitudinal rods may also extend within the concrete sleepers 116. Further longitudinal rods may also be inserted.

Nearly zigzag shape, with transverse rods as a stub 138 extending into the concrete sleeper 116 and bending the sections 128 and 130 towards each other and connecting the grids 134 and 136 and forming a C shape The grids 134, 136 are formed extending along the longitudinal outer surfaces 118, 119, thereby giving an N-pole as the reinforcement 114.

Regardless of the aforementioned form of rebar, the rebar is surrounded by an insulator according to the invention.

Claims (27)

In particular, integral reinforced concrete sleepers 10, 44, 66, 88, 116, 174 for direct tracks for accommodating two rail fixing parts 11, 13, as reinforcing bars 12, 46, 68, 90, 92, 114 172 and longitudinal rods and transverse rods (18, 20, 22, 24, 32, 33, 34, 35, 40, 42, 54, 55, 56, 57, 70, 72, 74, 76, 84, 85, 86, 87, 100, 102, 106, 108, 112, 142, 143, 152, 154, 156, 158, 160, 162, 182, 184, transverse to the longitudinal axis of the integral reinforced concrete sleepers Sections 30, 178 of the reinforcing bars 12, 46, 68, 90, 92, 114, and 172 that extend into the base 64, 80, 99, 180 or bottom of the unitary reinforced concrete sleepers are exposed below. In the concrete sleepers, The reinforcing bars 12, 46, 68, 90, 92, 114, 172 are N-squares having N> 3, bent from one or a plurality of sections of the reinforcing bar 150, and the exposed rebar sections 30, 178. ) Includes a continuous or substantially continuous section of transverse rods 22, 24, 74, 76, 160, 162 of the reinforcing mesh, wherein the reinforcing section of the at least two, reinforcing steel mesh welded to the section. Longitudinal rods 18, 20, 32, 33, 40, 42, 55, 57, 70, 72, 85, 87, 106, 108, 112, 142, 143, 152, 154, 156, 158, The outside of the longitudinal rods and transverse rods of the reinforcing mesh is electrically insulated or comprises an electrically insulating material. The rebar 12, 46, 68, 90, 92, 114, 172 is a trapezoidal quadrangular column, bent from one or a plurality of sections of the reinforcing bar 150, the exposed rebar Sections 30 and 178 are trapezoidal long bases and comprise continuous or nearly continuous sections of the transverse rods 22, 24, 74, 76, 160 and 162 of the rebar network and the exposed rebar The section is at least two longitudinal rods 18, 20, 32, 33, 40, 42, 55, 57, 70, 72, 85, 87, 106, 108, 112, 142 welded to the section. , 143, 152, 154, 156, 158, insertable between the section of the transverse rod and the base or insertable into the section 34, 35, 54, 56, 84, 86 , 100, 102, 182, 184), the length of the trapezoidal short base extending in the concrete sleeper 10 is suspended, at least the exposed reinforcement of the reinforcing steel mesh The outer side of the longitudinal rod and the transverse rod in the section is electrically insulated or comprises an electrically insulating material. 3. The longitudinal rod and transverse rods 18, 20, 22, 24, 32, 33, 34, 35, 40, 42, 54, 55 of claim 1 or 2, , 56, 57, 70, 72, 74, 76, 84, 85, 86, 87, 100, 102, 106, 108, 112, 142, 143, 152, 154, 156, 158, 160, 162, 182, 184 Concrete sleeper, characterized in that the connection between the electrical insulation or made of an electrically insulating material. 4. The longitudinal rod and the transverse rods 18, 20, 22, 24, 32, 33, 34, 35, 40, 42, 54, 55, 56, 57, 70, 72, 74, 76, 84, 85, 86, 87, 100, 102, 106, 108, 112, 142, 143, 152, 154, 156, 158, 160, 162, 182, 184 or above Reinforcing bar 150 is a concrete sleeper, characterized in that the coating with an electrical insulation varnish. 5. The longitudinal rod and the transverse rods 18, 20, 22, 24, 32, 33, 34, 35, 40, 42, 54, 55, 56, 57, 70, 72, 74, 76, 84, 85, 86, 87, 100, 102, 106, 108, 112, 142, 143, 152, 154, 156, 158, 160, 162, 182, 184 or above Rebar mesh 150 is a concrete sleeper, characterized in that it comprises an epoxy adhesive resin-based coating. 6. The concrete sleeper as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrically insulating material is provided by a flow deposit coating process. 7. The concrete sleeper as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrically insulating material is provided in an immersion varnishing process. 8. The concrete sleeper according to claim 1, wherein the electrically insulating material is sprayed. 9. 9. The concrete sleeper according to claim 1, wherein the insulating material has a thickness D of 5 μm ≦ D ≦ 100 μm, in particular 5 μm ≦ D ≦ 50 μm. 10. The concrete sleeper according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the electrically insulating material has a resistivity R of 500 µm ≤ R ≤ 1500 µm. The concrete sleeper according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrical insulation material is a polyester- or polyesterimide varnish. 12. The longitudinal and transverse rods (18, 20, 22, 24, 32, 33, 34, 35, 40, 42, 54, 55, 56, 57) according to any one of the preceding claims. , 70, 72, 74, 76, 84, 85, 86, 87, 100, 102, 106, 108, 112, 142, 143, 152, 154, 156, 158, 160, 162, 182, 184 or the rebar Mesh 150 is a concrete sleeper characterized in that it is enclosed as if covered with plastic, such as polyamide, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polystyrene or PVC. 13. The exposed rebar section 30, 178 is insertable between the section and the base of the transverse rod or can be caught in the section and optionally a circumferential or Concrete sleeper, characterized in that the outside is a support for additional longitudinally insulated rods (34, 35, 54, 56, 84, 86, 100, 102, 182, 184). 14. Concrete sleeper according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cross section of the N-column is U-shaped with side leg edges (48, 50) bent inwardly. 15. The section of any of claims 1 to 14, wherein the transverse legs (52) of the U-shaped pillars having a U-shape are sections of reinforcement (46) extending below the base surface (30) of the concrete sleeper (44). Concrete sleepers characterized in that. 16. The N-pillar side legs 26, 28 according to any one of claims 1 to 15, having a U-shape with inwardly curved longitudinal edges 14, 16 are formed of the concrete sleeper 10. Concrete sleeper, which extends below the base surface 64 and is connected via a stubble 30 which is a support for further longitudinal rods 34, 35. The concrete sleeper according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the cross section of the N-column has a trapezoidal shape. 18. The concrete sleeper according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the N-pillars have an equilateral trapezoidal shape. 19. The concrete sleeper according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the short base of the N-pillar pillar having a trapezoidal shape is at least partially removed. 20. The long base 78 of the N-pillar pillar having a trapezoidal shape is a section of the reinforcement 68 extending below the base surface 80 of the concrete sleeper 66. Concrete sleeper characterized in that the support for the longitudinal rods (84, 86). 21. Concrete sleeper according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcing bars consist of two grid bodies (90, 92) extending parallel to one another and preferably trapezoidal in shape. 22. Concrete sleeper 88 according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the long base of the trapezoidal grid bodies 90, 92 is for accommodating a predetermined number of additional longitudinal rods 100, 102. Concrete sleeper, characterized in that the section extending below the base surface 98 of the. 23. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein trapezoidal bodies (90, 92) extending in parallel to each other are connected via a stub or wire (98) outside of the concrete sleepers (88). Characterized by concrete sleepers. 24. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein the reinforcing bars 172 or the curved reinforcing bars 150 extend in the longitudinal direction of the concrete sleepers 10, 44, 66, 88. 154, 156, 158 and transverse rods 160, 162 extending laterally thereto. 25. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 24, wherein the reinforcing bar 105 is a section of the reinforcing bar network, wherein the reinforcing bar bends over a diagonal diagonal formed of intersecting longitudinal rods and transverse rods. Concrete sleepers. 26. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reinforcement 114 comprises at least one grid body 120 that is curved in a zigzag fashion, with U-shaped sections 128, 130 bending into the concrete sleepers. Concrete sleepers, characterized in that the sections extend perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the concrete sleepers (116). 27. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 26, wherein the reinforcement 114 comprises two grids 134, 136 extending along the concrete sleeper sides 118, 119 and partially curved in a V-shape. The grids have two U-shaped sections 128, 130 extending into the concrete sleepers, the grids being connected through a C-shaped stub 138 extending laterally with respect to the concrete sleeper longitudinal axis, extending below the concrete sleepers. The transverse leg 140 of the stub is a concrete sleeper, characterized in that the support for the longitudinal rod (142).

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