EP2092119B1 - Concrete sleeper - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a Monoblockspannbetonschwelle, in particular for receiving at least two rail fasteners, for a slab track, comprising a reinforcement which is exposed with a transversely extending to the longitudinal axis of the monoblock tension concrete sleeper reinforcement section below the sole or bottom surface of the Monoblockspannbetonschwelle and longitudinal and transverse rods ,

The DE-A-100 04 346 refers to a Monoblockspannbetonschwelle whose reinforcement in the longitudinal direction spaced from each other arranged U-shaped bracket, whose below the sole extending free ends are hook-shaped to accommodate longitudinal and transverse bars.

A monoblock stress threshold after the DE-C-197 41 059 has a from the longitudinal direction of the threshold spaced from each other extending brackets existing reinforcement. The geometry of the bracket corresponds to an open rectangle. A continuous, so uninterrupted section of the bracket runs below the sill. The concrete sleepers are supported for positionally accurate pouring into an in-situ concrete on support feet, the widths of which is slightly less than the extension of below the threshold extending portion of the reinforcement. The respective side legs of the section, which extends outside the support, can be connected to running in the longitudinal direction of the threshold anchor bars.

A bi- or two-block concrete sleeper is out of the DE-A-199 63 664 known. The blocks are connected to each other via lattice girders, in which longitudinal members extending in the longitudinal direction of the rail can be inserted.

A construction of a slab track with two individual blocks consisting of concrete, each having a rail fastening, is the DE-U-200 11 481 refer to. The reinforcement of the individual blocks is formed by closed loops, which extend in sections below the block bottom. In the loops longitudinal or transverse reinforcements can be inserted. Within each block, the loops are connected to welded reinforcing bars.

A two-block concrete threshold is also the DE-C-198 16 407 refer to. The reinforcement consists of so-called lattice girders with three longitudinal bars forming the edges of a triangular prism and two meandering serpents connecting them. Due to the construction of the reinforcement, different lattice girders must be used depending on the moment of resistance to be achieved, so that a corresponding storage of different reinforcements is required.

On a slab track after the EP-A-0 905 319 have thresholds below the sole extending brackets and anchor irons, with which the sleepers are integrated into an in-situ concrete of a slab track.

Corresponding brackets are also on the soles or bottom surfaces of concrete sleepers after DE-U-297 03 508 before, which are associated with outgoing from a support plate of a slab track, which in turn are connected to the former.

After DE-C-197 41 059 corresponding spaced apart brackets or tie bars are connected to longitudinal bars, which are cast in the in-situ concrete running on the support layer of the slab track.

Of the DE-C-102 30 741 is to be taken from a two- or Mehrblockspannbetonschwelle with a reinforcement consisting of a V-shaped angled lattice girder, which extends in sections below the sole of the concrete sleeper.

A concrete sleeper intended for a ballast bed and manufactured in a rotary mold after the WO-A-03/104562 according to one embodiment, as a reinforcement to a running completely within the concrete sleeper dynamic reinforcement mat, in which the braid-forming wires are not welded together at each intersection point of the braid, but only at the edges.

The DE-A-37 28 304 describes a railway sleeper with reinforcing elements that are electrically non-conductive or electrically insulated.

Requirements of Deutsche Bahn AG state that the construction of the slab track must be designed in such a way that signaling devices attached to the rails or sleepers can be used without restrictions. When using Tonfrequenzgleisstromzirkreisen this isolation areas in the reinforcement of the slab track are provided.

To check whether there is a vehicle in a track section, track circuits are used, in which a sound-frequency signal is fed, the rails serve as a conductor. The vehicle transmits the signal which is received and evaluated at a remote point.

The present invention is based on the object, a Monoblockspannbetonschwelle aforementioned type so that not only safe handling between the place of manufacture and the use is guaranteed, but also measures are taken to ensure that when installed in a festivals Track circuit systems operate with sufficient accuracy so that desired checks can be carried out by means of signal transmission over the tracks. In particular, the Monoblockspannbetonschwelle should be developed such that In addition to the required carrier properties the signal requirements is met.

In order to achieve the object, the invention provides that the reinforcement is an N-square column bent from one or more sections of structural steel mesh with N> 3, that the exposed reinforcement section comprises continuous or essentially continuous sections of the transverse rods of the structural steel mesh, that the reinforcement section at least has two welded to the sections longitudinal bars of the structural steel mat and that the longitudinal and transverse bars of Baustahlgewebes are electrically insulated on the outside or have electrically insulating material on the outside.

In particular, it is envisaged that the reinforcement is a 4-square column curved from one or more sections of structural steel mesh in the form of a trapezoid, that the exposed reinforcement section is the longer base section of the trapezoid and comprises continuous or substantially continuous sections of the transverse rods of the structural steel mesh uncovered reinforcement section has at least two longitudinally welded to the sections longitudinal bars of Baustahlgewebes and supports for insertable between the sections of the transverse bars and the sole or suspendable on the sections further longitudinal bars that the running in the concrete sleeper shorter base portion of the trapezoid over its length is interrupted, and in that at least the longitudinal and transverse bars are electrically insulated on the outside in the exposed reinforcement section of the structural steel fabric or are provided with an electrically insulating material.

According to the invention is carried out in a simple manner an electrical insulation of the reinforcement of the prestressed concrete sleeper with respect to the reinforcement of the slab track in that the longitudinal and transverse bars of the concrete sleepers, ie the bars of Baustahlgewebes have electrical insulation. For this purpose, the Baustahlgewebe - also called mats - z. B. by spraying, dipping or vortex sintering process with the desired insulating material or coated. Layer thicknesses of the order of magnitude of 5 μm and 100 μm, in particular in the range between 5 μm and 50 μm, should preferably be applied. Especially the electrically insulating material should have a resistivity R between 500 μΩm and 1500 μΩm.

Preferably, the electrically insulating material is based on epoxy resin. Other suitable materials are also suitable. Thus, the Baustahlgewebe or their longitudinal and transverse bars may be surrounded by plastics such as polyamides, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polystyrene or PVC. From the wire coating known coatings z. B. Polyester and Polyesterimidlacke can also be used. Further examples are solvent-free, modified unsaturated polyester resins.

Thus, without changing the manufacturing process, a section of a reinforcing steel fabric used according to the invention can be used as a reinforcement, the required electrical insulation being provided from the outset.

According to the invention, the reinforcement consists of one or more bent sections of a welded steel mat, which is also referred to as Baustahlgewebe. The structural steel mat or the fabric consists of intersecting rods, which are usually welded together. In this case, the section forming the reinforcement has at least two longitudinal bars which are welded to the sections of the transverse bars which are outside, d. H. run below the threshold sole. The corresponding sections are basically formed continuously, so not interrupted. However, the invention is not abandoned when the section is severed.

Preferably, at least two longitudinal bars extend within the concrete sleeper.

The transverse rods are preferably bent in such a way that a trapezoidal geometry results, wherein the ends of the shorter transverse legs extend at a distance from each other within the concrete sleeper. As a result, a simple positioning of the Baustahlgewebe - or steel wire mesh basket is possible because the tensioned tension wires can enforce existing between the spaced transverse legs slot. The longer base leg of the curved crossbar forms supports for further insertion or under-hanging longitudinal bars. This makes it possible to produce standard concrete sleepers with the same reinforcement, in which, however, the anchoring ability of the threshold in the slab track is changed by the additionally inserted or attachable longitudinal bars, so can be made to the desired degree of reinforcement. In the case of a rectilinear course of the arm, which runs parallel or approximately parallel to the sole, of the exposed section of the reinforcement, longitudinal bars can also be arranged at the required circumference at a distance from each other.

Independently of this, cost-effective production is possible due to the reinforcement bent from one or more sections of a reinforcing steel mat. The longitudinal bars connecting the crossbars further ensure that easy handling of the concrete sleeper from the place of manufacture to the point where the concrete sleeper is to be poured is achieved without the risk of undue bending of the exposed reinforcement section. The production costs are not significantly increased by the insulation, since cost-effective options are given in particular by immersion or vortex sintering process, the Baustahlgewebe or their longitudinal and transverse bars to be surrounded with an electrically insulating layer.

The electrical insulation ensures that the reinforcement of the concrete sleepers is insulated from the reinforcement of the slab track. Through these simple measures has been shown that electrical signals can be introduced via rails that are mounted on correspondingly designed according to the invention reinforced concrete sleepers, which are not weakened by the reinforcement so that a leading to fault evaluations damping takes place.

The teaching of the invention is particularly suitable for long sleepers of lengths of at least 170 cm, preferably lengths of 220 cm and more, which receive two rail fasteners. But shorter Monoblockspannbetonschwellen can be reinforced according to the teaching of the invention, ie those that are designed to accommodate a rail fastening and in the track with appropriate Long sleepers are connected. The rail fastener receiving shorter sleepers have usual lengths between 80 cm and 140 cm.

In particular, it is provided that the N-square column in cross-section has a U-geometry with inwardly angled longitudinal side leg edges, wherein preferably the transverse leg of which is below the bottom surface or the sole of the concrete sleeper section.

Alternatively, the side legs may run with their edges angled inwardly below the bottom surface or sole of the concrete sleeper and connected via one or more brackets or wires. This ensures that when casting the concrete sleeper, the side legs are not bent uncontrollably. The or the strap or the wire connecting the legs then serves as a support for further longitudinal bars.

As N-cantilever column for the reinforcement in particular a trapezoid geometry comes into question, in particular an isosceles trapezoid in the cut is preferable. The shorter base leg of the N-square pillar having the trapezoidal geometry may be partially removed and run within the concrete sleeper. This results in a gap that facilitates the threading of the tension wires. In contrast, the longer base leg extends below the sole of the concrete sleeper and along it.

The invention is also distinguished by the fact that the reinforcement consists of two trapezoidal bodies running parallel to one another, each of which forms an N-square column. The respective longer base section should form the section extending below the sole of the concrete sleeper. Independently of this, the mutually parallel N-square columns should have an isosceles trapezoidal shape on average.

Additionally, the trapezoidal bodies may be connected as the N-pillars outside the concrete sleeper via one or more stirrups or wires to one another ensure a clear geometric assignment; which is not changed by the pouring of the concrete sleeper.

In a further development of the invention, it is provided that the bracket connecting the side legs or base legs of the N-columns is formed in a mat-like manner with angled longitudinal edges, which have the further longitudinal bars to achieve the desired degree of reinforcement in the slab track. Also in this embodiment, the preferably short legs should be broken along the sole of the concrete sleeper and extending within it to facilitate threading of the tension wires.

Also, the invention is characterized in that the reinforcement comprises at least one zigzag-shaped curved lattice girder with U-shaped sections angled within the concrete sleeper, which run perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the concrete sleeper.

In particular, it is provided that the reinforcement comprises two sections along concrete threshold side surfaces extending V-shaped curved lattice extending within the concrete threshold U-shaped sections and that the lattice are connected across transversely to the concrete sleeper longitudinal axis extending C-shaped bracket, extending below the concrete sleeper transverse leg support for the longitudinal bars is.

If the N-square column preferably has four edges which have a rectangular or trapezoidal geometry in section, it is also possible for the reinforcement to be designed as a hollow cylindrical body so that the section extending below the sole does not run parallel to the bottom surface of the concrete sleeper extends, but to this a concave geometry shows.

The invention further relates to a slab track consisting of a support layer, a height and positionally arranged on the support layer track rail rails and Monoblockspannbetonschwellen previously described type and a Concrete potting over the base course up to a predetermined height above the bottom of the threshold.

The monoblock tension concrete sleeper according to the invention itself preferably has half the height of a conventional concrete sleeper.

Further details, advantages and features of the invention will become apparent not only from the claims, the features to be taken from them-alone and / or in combination-but also from the following description of preferred embodiments to be taken from the drawings.

Fig. 1

eine Seitenansicht einer Schwelle mit Bewehrung,

Fig. 2

einen Querschnitt durch die Schwelle gemäß Fig. 1,

Fig. 3

die Bewehrung der Schwelle gemäß der Fig. 1 und 2 in auseinander gezogener Darstellung,

Fig. 4

eine zweite Ausführungsform einer Schwelle in Seitenansicht,

Fig. 5

einen Querschnitt durch die Betonschwelle gemäß Fig. 4,

Fig. 6

die Bewehrung der Betonschwelle gemäß Fig. 4 und 5,

Fig. 7

eine dritte Ausführungsform einer Betonschwelle mit Bewehrung in Seitenansicht,

Fig. 8

einen Querschnitt durch die Betonschwelle gemäß Fig. 7,

Fig. 9

die Bewehrung der Betonschwelle gemäß Fig. 7 und 8,

Fig. 10

eine vierte Ausführungsform einer Betonschwelle mit Bewehrung in Seitenansicht,

Fig. 11

einen Querschnitt durch die Betonschwelle gemäß Fig. 10,

Fig. 12

die Bewehrung der Betonschwelle gemäß Fig. 10 und 11 in auseinander gezogener Darstellung,

Fig. 13

eine fünfte Ausführungsform einer Betonschwelle mit Bewehrung in Seitenansicht,

Fig. 14

eine sechste Ausführungsform einer Betonschwelle mit Bewehrung in Seitenansicht,

Fig. 15

einen Querschnitt durch die Betonschwelle gemäß Fig. 14,

Fig. 16

eine Draufsicht auf die Betonschwelle gemäß Fig. 14,

Fig. 17

eine Baustahlmatte in Draufsicht,

Fig. 18

eine Schnittdarstellung der Baustahlmatte nach Fig. 16 in gebogenem Zustand,

Fig. 19

eine Monoblockspannbetonschwelle im Schnitt und

Fig. 20

einen Ausschnitt einer Betonstahlmatte.

Show it:

Fig. 1

a side view of a threshold with reinforcement,

Fig. 2

a cross section through the threshold according to Fig. 1 .

Fig. 3

Reinforcement of a threshold according to Fig. 1 and 2 in an exploded view,

Fig. 4

a second embodiment of a threshold in side view,

Fig. 5

a cross section through the concrete sleeper according to Fig. 4 .

Fig. 6

the reinforcement of the concrete sleeper according to 4 and 5 .

Fig. 7

a third embodiment of a concrete sleeper with reinforcement in side view,

Fig. 8

a cross section through the concrete sleeper according to Fig. 7 .

Fig. 9

the reinforcement of the concrete sleeper according to FIGS. 7 and 8 .

Fig. 10

a fourth embodiment of a concrete sleeper with reinforcement in side view,

Fig. 11

a cross section through the concrete sleeper according to Fig. 10 .

Fig. 12

the reinforcement of the concrete sleeper according to 10 and 11 in an exploded view,

Fig. 13

a fifth embodiment of a concrete sleeper with reinforcement in side view,

Fig. 14

a sixth embodiment of a concrete sleeper with reinforcement in side view,

Fig. 15

a cross section through the concrete sleeper according to Fig. 14 .

Fig. 16

a plan view of the concrete sleeper according to Fig. 14 .

Fig. 17

a structural steel mat in plan view,

Fig. 18

a sectional view of the reinforcing steel mat after Fig. 16 in a bent state,

Fig. 19

a Monoblockspannbetonschwelle in section and

Fig. 20

a section of a welded steel mat.

In the Fig. 1-15 and 19 For monobloc tension concrete sleepers, certain monobloc tension concrete sleepers are shown purely in principle for a fixed carriageway, which are laid in particular in the area of turnouts. These are preferably long sleepers that are in the switch area can be used. The concrete sleepers are cast in in-situ concrete, which in turn is applied as a layer on a particular hydraulically bound support layer. Beforehand, a support layer consisting of the concrete sleepers and fastened thereto, but not shown in the drawings, is placed on the support layer representing a mounting base layer and positioned precisely in height. In addition to the reinforcement of the concrete sleepers in the slab track further longitudinal and transverse bars or iron, which form the reinforcement of the slab track. The corresponding bars or iron touch the reinforcement of the prestressed concrete sleeper, without resulting in an electrically conductive connection due to the teaching of the invention; because the reinforcement of the prestressed concrete sleeper is insulated from the longitudinal and transverse bars or bars of the reinforcement of the slab track.

The monoblock prestressed concrete sleepers are in particular long sleepers with a minimum length of 170 cm, in particular a length of 220 cm or more, on which at least two rail fasteners are applied. However, the invention also relates to monoblock tension concrete sleepers of shorter lengths intended for rail fastening only. Corresponding shorter sleepers usually have lengths between 80 cm and 140 cm and are connected in the track with a long sleeper.

So that the Monoblockspannbetonschwellen are inexpensive to produce, as a reinforcement preferably a portion - possibly also several sections - a reinforcing steel mat, which is also referred to as Baustahlgewebe, bent to a column or a basket desired geometry. In this case, a portion of the reinforcement runs below the sole of the prestressed concrete sleeper, so that the exposed section serves as a support for further longitudinal bars. This makes it possible to influence with simple measures the anchoring ability of the threshold in the slab track, so turn off on the concrete used. At the same time there is the advantage that the moment of resistance is influenced in order to simplify handling, ie before pouring into the concrete layer, so that the risk of damage and in particular bending of the reinforcement in its section extending outside the concrete sleeper is minimized.

In Fig. 17 a corresponding mild steel mat 150 is shown in the unbent state. The reinforcing steel mat 150 consists of intersecting longitudinal bars 152, 154, 156, 158 and transverse bars welded thereto, two of which are identified by the reference numerals 160 and 162 by way of example. If, in the exemplary embodiment, the longitudinal and transverse rods 152, 154, 156, 158 or 160, 162 are arranged relative to one another in such a way that they describe a right angle, other geometries are also possible. In that regard, reference is made to conventional structural steel mesh or Baustahlgewebe and their geometries. The same applies to the steel and the bar diameter. The steel mesh 150 is then bent along the lines 164, 166, 168, 170 such that z. B. results in a trapezoid geometry, as the sectional view of Fig. 18 clarified. The corresponding reinforcement designated by the reference numeral 172 has a geometry of a square column. The reinforcement 172, which forms the envelope of a trapezoid, is then placed in a conventional manner in a formwork for the production of a monoblock tension concrete sleeper. In this case, it is advantageous that the leg 161 extending within the concrete sleeper to be cast consists of two mutually spaced sections 163, 165, so that the tensioning wires can be threaded through the gap 167 thus formed in the finished concrete sleeper within the basket or trapezoid 172 run.

In Fig. 19 is a corresponding Monoblockspannbetonschwelle 174 dargestellf shown with a reinforcement, which is the Fig. 18 equivalent. In addition, tensioning wires 169, 171 are provided by the basket or trapezoid 172 in FIG Fig. 19 are surrounded. located. Regardless, the illustrations illustrate that the reinforcement 172 extends below the sole of the concrete sleeper 174 with a portion 178 comprising the longer base leg 176 of the trapezoid 172 to serve as a support for further longitudinal bars 182, 184. If two are shown in the drawing, the number may differ. Of course, there is also the possibility that no further longitudinal rod is introduced. The longitudinal bars 182, 184 can be inserted or suspended, as in principle the Fig. 18 clarified.

Regardless of this, due to the chosen configuration of the reinforcement 172, such as trapezoid, the anchoring ability of the threshold 174 in a slab track can be easily adapted, in particular, to the concrete being used. However, the additional longitudinal bars 182, 184 also increase the resistance moment of the threshold 176 for handling thereof, thus avoiding the risk of damage, and in particular bending, of the reinforcement 172 in its exposed portion 178 during transport.

As can be seen from the section of the steel mesh 150 according to Fig. 20 results, the unspecified longitudinal and transverse bars are surrounded by a layer 186 of electrically insulating material to ensure electrical separation between the reinforcement 172 of the monoblock tension concrete sleeper 174 against the reinforcement of the slab track. The electrical insulation can be a varnish, a plastic coating or other suitable measures which ensure that the longitudinal and transverse bars of the reinforcement 172 are surrounded by an electrically insulating layer 186 as a whole. In particular, the electrically insulating material is one based on epoxy resin, without this being intended to limit the teaching according to the invention.

Preferred methods of providing the structural steel mat 150 with electrical insulation are epoxy resin coatings, fluidized bed processes, or dip coating techniques. An application of polyester and Polyesteramidlacken or wrapping with polyamides, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polystyrene or PVC are also mentioned.

The layer thickness of the electrically insulating material should be in the range between 5 .mu.m and 100 .mu.m, in particular in the range between 5 .mu.m and 50 .mu.m. Preferably, furthermore, the electrically insulating material should have a resistivity R of 500 μΩm ≦ R ≦ 1500 μΩm.

Hereinafter, further configurations and embodiments of reinforcements for monoblock stress-concrete sleepers will be described, wherein the respective reinforcement is a bent section of a structural steel mat, as previously explained. Of course, the invention is not abandoned when the reinforcement consists of several sections of a steel mesh mat, which are bent and then connected together. For this purpose, in particular a barbed wire can be used. Detached from this, the respective reinforcement is surrounded by an electrically insulating material, as has been explained before, without being mentioned below.

In Fig. 1 to 2 is a Monoblockspannbetonschwelle 10 with two rail fasteners 11, 13 shown in principle. The prestressed concrete sleeper 10 has a reinforcement 12, which consists of a bent to an open rectangle construction steel fabric with inwardly angled side leg longitudinal edges 14, 16.

The reinforcement 12 is consequently composed of longitudinal bars 18, 20 running within the concrete sleeper 10 and these connecting transverse bars 22, 24. The longitudinal bars 18, 20 and the transverse bars 22, 24 may be dimensioned differently. Preferably, the longitudinal bars 18, 20 extending in the longitudinal direction of the threshold 10, a diameter of, for example, 16 mm and transverse to the longitudinal axis of the threshold 10 transverse bars 22, 24, a diameter of about 6 mm. However, it is not absolutely necessary that the transverse rods 22, 24 extend in a plane which extends perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the threshold 10, but to this can describe an angle of for example 45 ° to <90 °, as this in principle in connection with the Fig. 13 to 15 will be explained.

The reinforcing 12 forming bent structural steel mat or Baustahlgewebe is open below the concrete sleeper 10, thus forming no closed in section rectangle. Rather, there is a U-geometry, wherein the side legs 26, 28 angled or bent inward (edge portions 14, 16). The edge portions 14, 16 thus form with the side legs 26, 28 a V or hook geometry. The open geometry also provides the advantage of a trouble-free Inserting into a formwork in which guy wires are stretched and in which the concrete sleepers are poured.

The side legs 22, 24 are connected via a function of a bracket performing another portion 30 of a structural steel mat, wherein the portion 30 has at least two longitudinal bars 32, 33 welded with transverse bars 37, which are thus part of the section of the structural steel mat. In addition, further longitudinal bars 34, 35 can be inserted. The section 30 may also be referred to as a reinforcement section.

The ironing function portion 30, when casting the prestressed concrete sleeper, ensures that the side legs 26, 28 of the troughed portion of the reinforcement 12 can not be bent.

By inserting or attaching the further longitudinal bars 34, 35 there is the advantage that the anchoring ability of the finished threshold can be changed to the desired extent. Also, the moment of resistance of the concrete sleeper 10 is changed.

The longitudinal bars 34, 35 may have a dimensioning, such as the longitudinal bars 32, 33 welded firmly to the transverse bars 37, without, however, limiting the invention.

If, in the exemplary embodiment, two additional longitudinal bars 34, 35 are provided by the section serving as a support and extending below the threshold soleplate, the number may deviate from this.

The section has angled longitudinal edges 36, 38 which can be easily suspended in the U-shaped portion of the reinforcement 12 and secured thereto, as can be seen from the Fig. 2 results. In particular, it is provided that the angled longitudinal edges 36, 38 are bent around longitudinal bars 40, 42 of the structural steel mat, in the inner corners of the longitudinal side edges 14, 16 passing side legs 26, 28 extend.

The embodiment of 4 to 6 is different from that of Fig. 1 to 3 in that a concrete sleeper 44 has a columnar reinforcement 46 corresponding to the Fig. 1 to 3 in section, a U-geometry with inwardly angled longitudinal side edges 48, 50 which, however, extend within the Monoblockspannbetonschwelle 44. The thus extending outside the concrete sleeper 44 transverse leg 52 of the reinforcement 46 then serves as a support for the desired extent to be introduced longitudinal rods 54, 56. Independently of this go from the transverse leg 52 longitudinal rods 55, 57, which are welded to the transverse leg 52.

As can be seen from the sectional views of FIGS. 2 and 5 results, surround the reinforcements 12, 46 tensioning wires 53, 58, 60, 62 of the prestressed concrete sleeper 10, 44, so that due to the lack of transverse leg easy positioning and fixation is possible.

Furthermore, the reinforcement extends in the drawing to be taken embodiments in the longitudinal direction considered within the concrete threshold, does not penetrate the end faces. The end faces of the reinforcement can be closed, for example, with a grid, in order to reduce or prevent cracking in the concrete sleeper.

Assign the reinforcements 12, 46 a closed or open cuboid geometry, wherein when the non-closed side below the concrete sleeper 10, ie below the sole 64 extends over a function of a bracket having portion 30 of a structural steel mat or other fasteners wires be closed, it can according to the embodiment of the Fig. 7 to 9 a concrete sleeper 66 having a reinforcement 68, which shows an open trapezoid geometry. In other words, the reinforcement 68, which is also a bent Baustahlgewebe with longitudinal bars 70, 72 and transverse to these transverse bars 74, 76 is, on average, a trapezoidal geometry, wherein longer base leg 78 extends below the concrete sleeper 66, ie below its sole 80. The shorter base leg 82 is embedded and interrupted, in particular the Fig. 9 clarified. The base leg 78 is used according to the teaching of the invention as a support and attachment for further longitudinal rods 84, 86, via which the anchoring ability and the moment of resistance of the concrete sleeper 66 is adjustable. Regardless of the transverse bars 74, 76 longitudinal bars 85, 87 are welded, according to the representation of Fig. 9 is located in the vertices of the trapezoid. The longitudinal rods 85, 87 are therefore part of the structural steel mat.

Runs in the longitudinal direction of the concrete sleepers 10, 44, 66 each have a reinforcement, which may have a cuboid or trapezoidal shape, it is according to the embodiment of the 10 to 12 also the possibility to introduce in a concrete sleeper 88 two mutually parallel reinforcements 90, 92, which can show a trapezoidal geometry in section, with longer base legs 94, 96 extending below the concrete sleeper 88, ie below the sole 99 thereof. In this case, the base leg 94, 96 is preferably interrupted, that is not closed, as can be seen from the sectional views of FIGS. 11 and 12 results.

In order to exclude when pouring the concrete sleeper 88 that the reinforcements 90, 92 are bent outwards, they can be fixed to each other below the concrete sleeper 88 via a bracket 98, a wire or a similar element.

Independently of this, the base legs 94, 96 of the reinforcement 90, 92 which extend below the sole 99 form supports for further longitudinal bars 100, 102 in accordance with the previously described task.

The reinforcements 12, 46, 68, 90, 92 are according to the invention sections of bent Baustahlgewebe or mats, so have the illustrated longitudinal and transverse bars preferably different dimensions. It is according to the embodiment of the Fig. 1 to 12 provided that the cross bars, which are exemplary in the Fig. 1 to 9 22, 24, 74, 76, define planes which are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the respective monoblock stress-concrete sleeper 10, 44, 66, 88.

According to the embodiment of the Fig. 13 It is also possible to form a reinforcement 105 to bend a Baustahlgewebe over the diagonal of the rectangles formed by the longitudinal and transverse bars. This is evident Fig. 13 , Thus, a concrete sleeper 104 exclusively extends obliquely to the longitudinal axis of the concrete sleeper 104 extending rods 106, 108, wherein also forms a below the concrete sleeper 104 extending portion 110 support or attachment of longitudinal bars 112.

One of the Fig. 14 to 16 Reinforcement 114 to be taken from a concrete sleeper 116 consists of V-shaped grids 134, 136 or grid sections running parallel to the outer side surfaces 118, 119 of the concrete sleeper 116, which legs consist of legs 124, 126 producing V-geometry. In this case, the legs 124, 126 extend in sections below the concrete sleeper 116. The ends running inside the concrete sleeper 116 (tips) are bent towards each other, so that a U-shape results in side view ( Fig. 15 ). The bent portions 128, 130 extend along the support surface 132 of the concrete sleeper 116. In this case, a corresponding grid 134, 136 along each side outer surface 118, 119 extend.

The corresponding grids 134, 136 are connected by means of brackets 138 which are C-shaped in cross-section and extend transversely to the concrete sleeper longitudinal axis, wherein longitudinal bars 142, 143, welded to their longitudinal members 140 below the concrete sleeper 116, emanate in accordance with the teaching according to the invention. Corresponding longitudinal bars can also run within the concrete sleeper 116. Furthermore, further longitudinal bars can be inserted.

Due to the formation of the quasi-zig-zag form forming and along the longitudinal outer sides 118, 119 extending grid 134, 136 with the running within the concrete sleeper 116 mutually bent portions 128, 130 and the the grids 134, 136 connecting the crossbars forming the C-geometry as the stirrups 138 likewise result in an N-square column as the reinforcement 114.

Regardless of the described forms of reinforcement this invention is surrounded with insulation.

Claims (27)

1. Monoblock prestressed concrete sleeper (10, 44, 66, 88, 116, 174) for a ballastless track, in particular for receiving two rail fasteners (11, 13) comprising a reinforcement (12, 46, 68, 90, 92, 114, 172) which is exposed with a reinforcement section (30, 178) running transversely to the longitudinal axis of the monoblock prestressed concrete sleeper underneath the bed (64, 80, 99, 180) or bottom surface of the monoblock prestressed concrete sleeper and which comprises longitudinal and transverse bars (18, 20, 22, 24, 32, 33, 34, 35, 40, 42, 54, 55, 56, 57, 70, 72, 74, 76, 84, 85, 86, 87, 100, 102, 106, 108, 112, 142, 143, 152, 154, 156, 158, 160, 162, 182, 184),
   wherein
   the reinforcement (12, 46, 68, 90, 92, 114, 172) is a curved N-sided column with N > 3 of one or more sections of a steel mesh fabric (150), the exposed reinforcement section (30, 178) comprises continuous or substantially continuous sections of the transverse bars (22, 24, 74, 76, 160, 162) of the steel mesh fabric, the reinforcement section has at least two longitudinal bars (18, 20, 32, 33, 40, 42, 55, 57, 70, 72, 85, 87, 106, 108, 112, 142, 143, 152, 154, 156, 158) of the steel mesh fabric welded to the sections and the longitudinal and transverse bars of the steel mesh fabric are electrically insulated on the outside or have electrically insulating material on the outside.
2. Concrete sleeper according to Claim 1,
   wherein
   the reinforcement (12, 46, 68, 90, 92, 114, 172) is a curved 4-sided column of one or more sections of a steel mesh fabric (150) in the form of a trapezoid, the exposed reinforcement section (30, 178) is the longer base section of the trapezoid and comprises continuous or substantially continuous sections of the transverse bars (22, 24, 74, 76, 160, 162) of the steel mesh fabric, the exposed reinforcement section has at least two longitudinal bars (18, 20, 32, 33, 40, 42, 55, 57, 70, 72, 85, 87, 106, 108, 112, 142, 143, 152, 154, 156, 158) of the steel mesh fabric welded to the sections and is a support for further longitudinal bars (34, 35, 54, 56, 84, 86, 100, 102, 182, 184) insertable between the sections of the transverse bars and the bed or suspendable underneath the sections, the shorter base section of the trapezoid running inside the concrete sleeper (10) is interrupted over its length and at least the longitudinal and transverse bars in the exposed reinforcement section of the steel mesh fabric are electrically insulated on the outside or provided with an electrically insulating material on the outside.
3. Concrete sleeper according to Claim 1 or 2,
   wherein
   connections between the longitudinal and transverse bars (18, 20, 22, 24, 32, 33, 34, 35, 40, 42, 54, 55, 56, 57, 70, 72, 74, 76, 84, 85, 86, 87, 100, 102, 106, 108, 112, 142, 143, 152, 154, 156, 158, 160, 162, 182, 184) of the steel mesh fabric (150) are electrically insulated or consist of an electrically insulating material.
4. Concrete sleeper according to at least one of the preceding claims,
   wherein
   the longitudinal and transverse bars (18, 20, 22, 24, 32, 33, 34, 35, 40, 42, 54, 55, 56, 57, 70, 72, 74, 76, 84, 85, 86, 87, 100, 102, 106, 108, 112, 142, 143, 152, 154, 156, 158, 160, 162, 182, 184) and/or the steel mesh fabric (150) are surrounded by an electrically insulating paint.
5. Concrete sleeper according to at least one of the preceding claims,
   wherein
   the longitudinal and transverse bars (18, 20, 22, 24, 32, 33, 34, 35, 40, 42, 54, 55, 56, 57, 70, 72, 74, 76, 84, 85, 86, 87, 100, 102, 106, 108, 112, 142, 143, 152, 154, 156, 158, 160, 162, 182, 184) and/or the steel mesh fabric (150) are provided with an epoxy resin-based coating.
6. Concrete sleeper according to at least one of the preceding claims,
   wherein
   the electrically insulating material is applied in a whirl sintering method.
7. Concrete sleeper according to at least one of the preceding claims,
   wherein
   the electrically insulating material is applied in a dip-painting method.
8. Concrete sleeper according to at least one of the preceding claims,
   wherein
   the electrically insulating material is sprayed on.
9. Concrete sleeper according to at least one of the preceding claims,
   wherein
   the electrically insulating material has a thickness D of 5 µm ≤ D ≤ 100 µm, in particular 5 µm ≤ D ≤ 50 µm.
10. Concrete sleeper according to at least one of the preceding claims,
    w h e r e i n
    the electrically insulating material has a specific resistance R of 500 µΩm ≤ R ≤ 1500 µΩm.
11. Concrete sleeper according to at least one of the preceding claims,
    wherein
    the electrically insulating material is a polyester or polyesterimide paint.
12. Concrete sleeper according to at least one of the preceding claims,
    wherein
    the longitudinal and transverse bars (18, 20, 22, 24, 32, 33, 34, 35, 40, 42, 54, 55, 56, 57, 70, 72, 74, 76, 84, 85, 86, 87, 100, 102, 106, 108, 112, 142, 143, 152, 154, 156, 158, 160, 162, 182, 184) or the steel mesh fabric (150) are surrounded, for example jacketed, with a plastic such as polyamide, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polystyrene or PVC.
13. Concrete sleeper according to at least one of the preceding claims,
    wherein
    the exposed reinforcement section is a support for further longitudinal bars (34, 35, 54, 56, 84, 86, 100, 102, 182, 184) insertable between the sections of the transverse bars and the bed or suspendable underneath the sections and if necessary electrically insulated on the circumference or on the outside.
14. Concrete sleeper according to at least one of the preceding claims,
    wherein
    the N-sided column has in section a U-geometry with inward-angled lateral leg edges (48, 50).
15. Concrete sleeper according to at least one of the preceding claims,
    wherein
    the transverse leg (52) of the N-sided column having a U-geometry is the section of the reinforcement (46) running underneath the bottom surface (30) of the concrete sleeper (44).
16. Concrete sleeper according to at least one of the preceding claims,
    wherein
    lateral legs (26, 28) of the N-sided column having a U shape run with their inward-angled longitudinal edges (14, 16) underneath the bottom surface (64) of the concrete sleeper (10) and are connected by a bracket (30) which is a support for the further longitudinal bars (34, 35).
17. Concrete sleeper according to at least one of the preceding claims,
    wherein
    the N-sided column has in cross-section a trapezoidal geometry.
18. Concrete sleeper according to at least one of the preceding claims,
    wherein
    the N-sided column has the geometry of an equilateral trapezoid.
19. Concrete sleeper according to at least one of the preceding claims,
    wherein
    the shorter base leg of the N-sided column having the trapezoidal geometry is removed at least in some sections.
20. Concrete sleeper according to at least one of the preceding claims,
    wherein
    the longer base leg (78) of the N-sided column having the trapezoidal geometry is the section of the reinforcement (68) running underneath the bottom surface (80) of the concrete sleeper (66) and is a support for further longitudinal bars (84, 86).
21. Concrete sleeper according to at least one of the preceding claims,
    wherein
    the reinforcement consists of two preferably trapezoidal lattice elements (90, 92) running parallel to one another.
22. Concrete sleeper according to at least one of the preceding claims,
    wherein
    the longer base leg of the trapezoidal lattice element (90, 92) is the section running underneath the bottom surface (98) of the concrete sleeper (88) for receiving the required number of further longitudinal bars (100, 102).
23. Concrete sleeper according to at least one of the preceding claims,
    wherein
    the trapezoidal elements (90, 92) running parallel to one another are connected outside the concrete sleeper (88) by a bracket or a wire (98).
24. Concrete sleeper according to at least one of the preceding claims,
    wherein
    the reinforcement (172) or the curved steel mesh fabric (15) consists of longitudinal bars (152, 154, 156, 158) running in the longitudinal direction of the concrete sleeper (10, 44, 66, 88) and transverse bars (160, 162) running transversely thereto.
25. Concrete sleeper according to at least one of the preceding claims,
    wherein
    the reinforcement (105) is a section of a steel mesh fabric which is curved over diagonals of the rectangles formed by intersecting longitudinal and transverse bars (Fig. 13).
26. Concrete sleeper according to at least one of the preceding claims,
    wherein
    the reinforcement (114) comprises at least one lattice beam (120) curved in zigzag shape and with U-shaped sections (128, 130) angled inside the concrete sleeper and running vertically to the longitudinal axis of the concrete sleeper (116).
27. Concrete sleeper according to at least one of the preceding claims,
    wherein
    the reinforcement (114) comprises two lattices (134, 136) curved in a V-shape in some sections and running along two concrete sleeper lateral surfaces (118, 119) with U-shaped sections (128, 130) running inside the concrete sleeper, and the lattices are connected by C-shaped brackets (138) running transversely to the concrete sleeper longitudinal axis, of which the transverse leg (140) running underneath the concrete sleeper is a support for the longitudinal bars (142).

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