KR20050058894A - 다반응성 선형 실록산 화합물, 상기 화합물로부터 제조된실록산 중합체 및 상기 중합체를 이용한 절연막 제조방법 - Google Patents
다반응성 선형 실록산 화합물, 상기 화합물로부터 제조된실록산 중합체 및 상기 중합체를 이용한 절연막 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR20050058894A KR20050058894A KR1020030090909A KR20030090909A KR20050058894A KR 20050058894 A KR20050058894 A KR 20050058894A KR 1020030090909 A KR1020030090909 A KR 1020030090909A KR 20030090909 A KR20030090909 A KR 20030090909A KR 20050058894 A KR20050058894 A KR 20050058894A
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- group
- siloxane
- formula
- solvents
- polymer
- Prior art date
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- -1 siloxane compound Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical group Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 6
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004469 siloxy group Chemical group [SiH3]O* 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005456 alcohol based solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005453 ketone based solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N mesitylene Substances CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1 AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001827 mesitylenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C(C(*)=C(C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012643 polycondensation polymerization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol methyl ether acetate Chemical compound COCC(C)OC(C)=O LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011827 silicon-based solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006376 (C3-C10) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004632 polycaprolactone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000428 triblock copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001029 thermal curing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 24
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 47
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 18
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920003209 poly(hydridosilsesquioxane) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000734 polysilsesquioxane polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 101150003085 Pdcl gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- NTSNXSJENBZFSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na+].[SiH3][O-] Chemical compound [Na+].[SiH3][O-] NTSNXSJENBZFSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyltrimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)OC BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001282 organosilanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003738 xylenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N (2s)-2-[[4-[2-(2,4-diaminoquinazolin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]-4-methylidenepentanedioic acid Chemical compound C1=CC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2C=C1CCC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JQTIDYJFCNWJFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-propan-2-yloxypropan-2-yl acetate Chemical compound CC(C)OCC(C)OC(C)=O JQTIDYJFCNWJFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGHSPBIUALACLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6,8-tetrakis(ethenyl)-2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7,2,4,6,8-tetraoxatetrasilocane Chemical compound C[Si]1(O[Si](O[Si](O[Si](O1)(C=C)C)(C=C)C)(C=C)C)C=C.C[Si]1(O[Si](O[Si](O[Si](O1)(C=C)C)(C=C)C)(C=C)C)C=C VGHSPBIUALACLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001116 FEMA 4028 Substances 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-WFGJKAKNSA-N acetone d6 Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])C(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] CSCPPACGZOOCGX-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005055 alkyl alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940092714 benzenesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004853 betadex Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- NKNXVFTVHFWNQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro-dimethoxy-(trimethoxysilylmethyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](Cl)(OC)C[Si](OC)(OC)OC NKNXVFTVHFWNQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UFCXHBIETZKGHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloro(diethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](Cl)(Cl)OCC UFCXHBIETZKGHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- BYDISPBILVRQKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxysilylmethyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[SiH](C[Si](OC)(OC)OC)OC BYDISPBILVRQKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C=C NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BITPLIXHRASDQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl-[ethenyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-dimethylsilane Chemical compound C=C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C=C BITPLIXHRASDQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RCNRJBWHLARWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl-[ethenyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-dimethylsilane;platinum Chemical compound [Pt].C=C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C=C RCNRJBWHLARWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZGMWRQIARRVYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;n,n-diethylethanamine;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+].CCN(CC)CC ZGMWRQIARRVYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- RSNQKPMXXVDJFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrasiloxane Chemical compound [SiH3]O[SiH2]O[SiH2]O[SiH3] RSNQKPMXXVDJFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorosilane Chemical compound Cl[SiH](Cl)Cl ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005052 trichlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH](OC)OC YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DSDAICPXUXPBCC-MWDJDSKUSA-N trimethyl-β-cyclodextrin Chemical compound COC[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1OC)OC)O[C@H]2O[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3O[C@H](COC)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3OC)OC)O[C@H]3O[C@H](COC)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3OC)OC)O[C@H]3O[C@H](COC)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3OC)OC)O[C@H]3O[C@H](COC)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3OC)OC)O3)[C@H](OC)[C@H]2OC)COC)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](OC)[C@@H]3O[C@@H]1COC DSDAICPXUXPBCC-MWDJDSKUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/48—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule in which at least two but not all the silicon atoms are connected by linkages other than oxygen atoms
- C08G77/50—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule in which at least two but not all the silicon atoms are connected by linkages other than oxygen atoms by carbon linkages
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Abstract
Description
중합체 | 단량체 (mmol) | HCl (mmol) | H2O(mmol) | 중합체양(g) | ||||
L5 | L6 | TS-T4(OMe) | TCS-2 | MTMS | ||||
(a) | 6.61 | 6.61 | 1.059 | 353 | 3.52 | |||
(b) | 4.77 | 9.54 | 0.954 | 318 | 3.27 | |||
(c) | 6.56 | 9.84 | 1.181 | 393 | 3.06 | |||
(d) | 7.80 | 2.60 | 1.040 | 346 | 2.55 | |||
(e) | 8.02 | 8.02 | 1.203 | 180 | 2.90 | |||
(f) | 7.95 | 18.5 | 1.510 | 227 | 3.82 | |||
(g) | 5.57 | 50.1 | 2.170 | 724 | 3.27 | |||
(h) | 20.2 | 20.2 | 2.060 | 688 | 6.02 | |||
(i) | 5.61 | 5.61 | 1.062 | 354 | 2.10 | |||
(j) | 4.80 | 43.2 | 1.872 | 629 | 5.93 |
절연막번호 | 박막 조성 | 두께(Å) | 굴절률 | 유전율 | 경도 (GPa) | 탄성계수 (GPa) | 탄소함량 (%) | |
실록산중합체(wt%) | 기공형성 물질(wt%) | |||||||
A | (a) 100 | - | 8595 | 1.410 | 3.11 | 1.87 | 10.54 | 19.62 |
A-1 | (a) 70 | 30 | 7990 | 1.297 | 2.17 | 0.65 | 4.00 | 17.05 |
B | (b) 100 | - | 9976 | 1.406 | 3.04 | 1.50 | 8.69 | 18.38 |
B-1 | (b) 70 | 30 | 9133 | 1.296 | 2.21 | 0.50 | 3.07 | 16.41 |
C | (c) 100 | - | 8627 | 1.4217 | 2.68 | 1.76 | 9.69 | 16.52 |
C-1 | (c) 70 | 30 | 8682 | 1.306 | 2.28 | 0.65 | 3.99 | 12.08 |
F | (f) 100 | - | 9129 | 1.420 | 3.42 | 2.21 | 12.78 | 21.05 |
F-1 | (f) 70 | 30 | 9389 | 1.301 | 2.30 | 0.80 | 5.16 | 16.61 |
G | (g) 100 | - | 6184 | 1.405 | 2.82 | 1.67 | 9.47 | 19.21 |
G-1 | (g) 70 | 30 | 6431 | 1.302 | 2.15 | 0.73 | 4.23 | 17.83 |
H | (h) 100 | - | 10888 | 1.410 | 3.74 | 2.17 | 13.06 | 16.36 |
H-1 | (h) 70 | 30 | 11221 | 1.276 | 2.12 | 0.66 | 4.22 | 11.78 |
I | (i) 100 | - | 14213 | 1.425 | - | 1.52 | 8.29 | 24.30 |
I-1 | (i) 70 | 30 | 10258 | 1.318 | 2.23 | 0.59 | 3.43 | 21.67 |
J | (j) 100 | - | 11654 | 1.415 | 2.70 | 1.13 | 5.90 | 29.0 |
J-1 | (j) 70 | 30 | 9811 | 1.335 | 2.24 | 0.50 | 2.86 | 25.6 |
Claims (20)
- 하기 화학식 1로 나타내어지는 다반응성의 선형 실록산 화합물:[화학식 1]:[상기 식에서, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 및 R8은 각각 독립적으로 수소원자, C1 내지 C3의 알킬기, C3 내지 C10의 시클로알킬기, C2 내지 C3의 알케닐기, C6 내지 C15의 아릴기, C1 내지 C10 의 알콕시기, C1 내지 C10 의 아실옥시기, C1 내지 C10 의 실릴옥시기 또는 할로겐기로서, 이들 중 적어도 하나는 가수분해 가능한 작용기이며; M은 산소원자 또는 C1 내지 C3의 알킬렌이고; n은 1 내지 20의 정수이고; A는 산소원자 또는 C1 내지 C3의 알킬렌으로서, 적어도 하나의 A는 M과 상이하며, n이 2 이상인 경우 각각의 A는 서로 동일하거나 상이하다].
- 제 1항에 있어서, 상기 선형 실록산 화합물은 하기 화학식 2, 3 또는 4로 나타내어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 화합물:[화학식 2][화학식 3][화학식 4][상기 화학식 2 내지 4 에서, M'는 탄소수 1 내지 3의 알킬렌이고; R1, R2, R4, R5, R3, R6, R7, R8, R9 및 R10은 각각 독립적으로 수소원자, C1 내지 C3의 알킬기, C3 내지 C10의 시클로 알킬기, C2 내지 C3의 알케닐기, C6 내지 C15의 아릴기, C1 내지 C10 의 알콕시기, C1 내지 C10 의 아실옥시기, C1 내지 C10 의 실릴옥시기 또는 할로겐기로서, 이들 중 3개 이상은 가수분해 가능한 작용기이며; n은 1 내지 20의 정수임].
- 제 1항에 있어서, 상기 선형 실록산 화합물은 하기 화학식 5 내지 7 중 어느 하나로 나타내어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 선형 실록산 화합물:[화학식 5];[화학식 6]; 및[화학식 7]
- 제 1항에 따른 선형 실록산 화합물을, 유기용매 내에서, 단독으로 또는 2 종 이상 화합물의 조합으로, 산 또는 염기촉매와 물의 존재 하에 가수분해 및 축합중합하여 제조되는 실록산계 중합체.
- 제 1항에 따른 선형 실록산 화합물을, 하기 화학식 8 내지 11 로 나타내어지는 화합물로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택한 하나 이상의 단량체와 함께, 유기 용매 내에서 산 또는 염기촉매와 물의 존재하에 가수분해 및 중합하여 제조되는 실록산계 중합체:[화학식 8][상기 식에서, R1은 수소원자, C1 내지 C3의 알킬기, C1 내지 C3의 알콕시기 또는 C6 내지 C15의 아릴기이고; R2는 수소원자, C1 내지 C 10의 알킬기 또는 SiX1X2X3이며 (이 때, X1, X2, X3는 각각 독립적으로 수소원자, C1 내지 C3의 알킬기, C1 내지 C10의 알콕시기 또는 할로겐원자로서, 적어도 하나는 가수분해 가능한 작용기임); p는 3 내지 8의 정수이다] ;[화학식 9][상기 식에서, R1은 수소원자, C1 내지 C3의 알킬기 또는 C6 내지 C15의 아릴기이고; X1, X2 및 X3는 각각 독립적으로 수소원자, C1 내지 C3의 알킬기, C1 내지 C10의 알콕시기 또는 할로겐원자로서, 적어도 하나는 가수분해 가능한 작용기이며; m은 0 내지 10의 정수, p는 3 내지 8의 정수이다];[화학식 10][상기 식에서, X1, X2 및 X3 는 각각 독립적으로 수소원자, C1 내지 C3의 알킬기, C1 내지 C10의 알콕시기 또는 할로겐원자로서, 적어도 하나는 가수분해 가능한 작용기이며; M은 탄소원자 1 내지 10의 알킬렌기이거나 탄소원자 6 내지 15인 아릴렌기이다]; 및,[화학식 11](A')nSi(B')4-n[상기 식에서, A'는 수소원자, C1 내지 C3의 알킬기 또는 C6 내지 C15 의 아릴기로서, A'가 2개 이상 존재할 경우 각각의 A'는 서로 동일하거나 상이하고; B'는 히드록시기, 할로겐기, C1 내지 C3의 알콕시기 또는 C6 내지 C15의 아릴옥시기로서, B'가 2개 이상 존재할 경우 각각의 B'는 서로 동일하거나 상이하며; n은 0 내지 3의 정수이다].
- 제 5항에 있어서, 제 1항에 따른 선형 실록산 화합물과, 상기 화학식 8 내지 11의 화합물로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 단량체와의 몰비는 1:99 내지 99:1의 범위인 것을 특징으로 하는 실록산계 중합체.
- 제 4항 또는 제 5항에 있어서, 상기 산 촉매는 염산 (hydrochloric acid), 질산 (nitric acid), 벤젠 술폰산 (benzene sulfonic acider), 옥살산 (oxalic acid), 포름산 (formic acid) 또는 이들의 혼합물이고, 상기 염기 촉매는 수산화칼륨 (potassium hydroxide), 수산화나트륨 (sodium hydroxide), 트리에틸아민 (triethylamine), 탄산수소나트륨 (sodium bicarbonate), 피리딘 (pyridine) 또는 이들의 혼합물인 것을 특징으로 하는 실록산계 중합체.
- 제 4항 또는 제 5항에 있어서, 전체 단량체와 사용된 산 또는 염기촉매간의 몰 비는 1 : 1×10-6 내지 1 : 10인 것을 특징으로 하는 실록산계 중합체.
- 제 4항 또는 제 5항에 있어서, 전체 단량체와 사용된 물의 몰 비는 1 : 1 내지 1 : 1000인 것을 특징으로 하는 실록산계 중합체.
- 제 4항 또는 5항에 있어서, 가수분해 및 축합중합반응은 0 내지 200 ℃의 온도에서 0.1 내지 100 시간 수행하는 것을 특징으로 하는 실록산계 중합체.
- 제 4항 또는 5항에 있어서, 상기 유기용매는 헥산 또는 헵탄의 지방족 탄화수소 용매 (aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent); 아니솔 (anisol), 메시틸렌 (mesitylene) 또는 자일렌 (xylene)의 방향족계 탄화수소 용매 (aromatic hydrocarbon solvent); 메틸 이소부틸 케톤 (methyl isobutyl ketone), 시클로헥사논 (cyclohexanone) 또는 아세톤 (acetone)의 케톤계 용매 (ketone-based solvent); 테트라히드로퓨란 (tetrahydrofuran) 또는 이소프로필 에테르 (isopropyl ether)의 에테르계 용매 (ether-based solvent); 에틸 아세테이트 (ethyl acetate), 부틸 아세테이트 (butyl acetate) 또는 프로필렌 글리콜 메틸 에테르 아세테이트 (propylene glycol methyl ether acetate)의 아세테이트계 용매 (acetate-based solvent); 이소프로필 알코올 (isopropyl alcohol) 또는 부틸 알코올 (butyl alcohol)의 알코올계 용매 (alcohol-based solvent); 1-메틸-2-피롤리디논 (1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone), 디메틸아세트아미드 (dimethylacetamide) 또는 디메틸포름아미드 (dimethylformamide)의 아미드계 용매; 실리콘계 용매 (silicon-based solvent); 또는 상기 용매들의 혼합물인 것을 특징으로 하는 실록산계 중합체.
- 제 4항 또는 5항에 있어서, 상기 실록산계 중합체의 무게평균 분자량은 3,000 내지 300,000인 것을 특징으로 하는 실록산계 중합체.
- ⅰ) 제 4항 또는 제 5항에 따른 실록산계 중합체, 또는 상기 실록산계 중합체와 기공형성물질을 유기용매에 용해시켜 코팅액을 제조하는 단계; 및 ⅱ) 상기 코팅액을 기판 위에 도포하고 열 경화시키는 단계를 포함하는 반도체 층간 절연막 제조방법.
- 제 13항에 있어서, 상기 기공형성 물질은 사이크로덱스트린 (cyclodextrin), 폴리카프로락톤 (polycaprolactone), Brij계 계면활성제 (surfactant), 폴리에틸렌글리콜-폴리프로필렌글리콜-폴리에틸렌글리콜 삼원블록공중합체 (polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol-polyethylene glycol triblock copolymer) 계면활성제 (surfactant) 또는 이들의 유도체로부터 선택되는 것을 특징으로 하는 제조방법.
- 제 13항에 있어서, 상기 ⅰ) 단계에서 상기 기공형성 물질은 코팅액 중 고형분의 총 중량을 기준으로 0 내지 70 중량%의 양으로 사용하는 것을 특징으로 하는 제조방법.
- 제 13항에 있어서, 상기 유기용매는 헥산 또는 헵탄의 지방족 탄화수소 용매 (aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent); 아니솔 (anisol), 메시틸렌 (mesitylene) 또는 자일렌 (xylene)의 방향족계 탄화수소 용매 (aromatic hydrocarbon solvent); 메틸 이소부틸 케톤 (methyl isobutyl ketone), 시클로헥사논 (cyclohexanone) 또는 아세톤(acetone)의 케톤계 용매 (ketone-based solvent); 테트라히드로퓨란 (tetrahydrofuran) 또는 이소프로필 에테르 (isopropyl ether)의 에테르계 용매 (ether-based solvent); 에틸 아세테이트 (ethyl acetate), 부틸 아세테이트 (butyl acetate) 또는 프로필렌 글리콜 메틸 에테르 아세테이트 (propylene glycol methyl ether acetate)의 아세테이트계 용매 (acetate-based solvent); 이소프로필 알코올 (isopropyl alcohol) 또는 부틸 알코올 (butyl alcohol)의 알코올계 용매 (alcohol-based solvent); 1-메틸-2-피롤리디논 (1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone), 디메틸아세트아미드 (dimethylacetamide) 또는 디메틸포름아미드 (dimethylformamide)와 같은 아미드계 용매; 실리콘계 용매(silicon-based solvent); 또는 상기 용매들의 혼합물인 것을 특징으로 하는 제조방법.
- 제 13항에 있어서, 상기 코팅액의 고형분 함량은 코팅액의 총 중량을 기준으로 0.1 내지 80 중량%인 것을 특징으로 하는 제조방법.
- 제 13항에 있어서, 상기 ⅱ) 단계에서 코팅액의 도포는 스핀코팅 방법에 의하고, 이 때, 스핀속도는 800 내지 5000 rpm인 것을 특징으로 하는 제조방법.
- 제 13항에 있어서, 상기 ⅱ) 단계에서의 열 경화는 150 ℃ 내지 600 ℃의 온도에서 1 내지 180 분 동안 수행하는 것을 특징으로 하는 제조방법.
- 제 13항에 따른 방법으로 제조된 절연막.
Priority Applications (5)
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KR1020030090909A KR101007807B1 (ko) | 2003-12-13 | 2003-12-13 | 다반응성 선형 실록산 화합물, 상기 화합물로부터 제조된실록산 중합체 및 상기 중합체를 이용한 절연막 제조방법 |
US10/868,222 US7582718B2 (en) | 2003-12-13 | 2004-06-16 | Multi-functional linear siloxane compound, a siloxane polymer prepared from the compound, and a process for forming a dielectric film by using the polymer |
JP2004358183A JP4549832B2 (ja) | 2003-12-13 | 2004-12-10 | 多反応性線形シロキサン化合物、当該化合物から製造されるシロキサン系重合体及び当該重合体を用いた絶縁膜の製造方法 |
CN2004101002316A CN1657530A (zh) | 2003-12-13 | 2004-12-13 | 硅氧烷化合物及其聚合物和用该聚合物制备介电膜的方法 |
US12/458,532 US8053173B2 (en) | 2003-12-13 | 2009-07-15 | Multi-functional linear siloxane compound, a siloxane polymer prepared from the compound, and a process for forming a dielectric film by using the polymer |
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JP (1) | JP4549832B2 (ko) |
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US8513448B2 (en) | 2005-01-31 | 2013-08-20 | Tosoh Corporation | Cyclic siloxane compound, a material for forming Si-containing film, and its use |
CN101111501B (zh) * | 2005-01-31 | 2015-07-15 | 东曹株式会社 | 环状硅氧烷化合物、含硅膜形成材料及其用途 |
JP4860953B2 (ja) * | 2005-07-08 | 2012-01-25 | 富士通株式会社 | シリカ系被膜形成用材料、シリカ系被膜及びその製造方法、多層配線及びその製造方法、並びに、半導体装置及びその製造方法 |
JP2008239634A (ja) * | 2005-07-12 | 2008-10-09 | Toagosei Co Ltd | アルコール性水酸基を有する有機ケイ素樹脂及びその製造方法 |
JP2008239489A (ja) * | 2005-07-12 | 2008-10-09 | Toagosei Co Ltd | 新規な有機ケイ素化合物 |
TW200714636A (en) * | 2005-09-05 | 2007-04-16 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Composition, film and producing method therefor |
KR101001875B1 (ko) * | 2006-09-30 | 2010-12-17 | 엘지이노텍 주식회사 | 등방성 에칭을 이용한 미세 패턴 형성방법 및 이를 이용하여 제조된 미세패턴이 형성된 반도체 기판 면상 부재 |
KR20090091200A (ko) * | 2006-12-21 | 2009-08-26 | 다우 코닝 코포레이션 | 이중 경화 중합체 및 이의 제조 방법 및 용도 |
JP5119832B2 (ja) * | 2007-09-27 | 2013-01-16 | 富士通株式会社 | 界面ラフネス緩和膜、配線層、半導体装置および半導体装置の製造方法 |
US20120216240A1 (en) * | 2011-02-17 | 2012-08-23 | Microsoft Corporation | Providing data security through declarative modeling of queries |
DE102011087931A1 (de) * | 2011-12-07 | 2013-06-13 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Herstellung hochmolekularer Siliconharze |
CN102718226A (zh) * | 2012-07-10 | 2012-10-10 | 苏州大学 | 一种低介电材料的表面改性工艺 |
KR101599954B1 (ko) | 2013-08-08 | 2016-03-04 | 제일모직 주식회사 | 실리카계 절연층 형성용 조성물, 실리카계 절연층 및 실리카계 절연층의 제조방법 |
WO2016167892A1 (en) | 2015-04-13 | 2016-10-20 | Honeywell International Inc. | Polysiloxane formulations and coatings for optoelectronic applications |
JP6844506B2 (ja) * | 2017-11-15 | 2021-03-17 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | ポリシロキサンおよびその製造方法 |
CN111640941A (zh) * | 2020-06-03 | 2020-09-08 | 溧阳紫宸新材料科技有限公司 | 以环糊精及其衍生物为造孔剂的硅碳负极材料及制备方法 |
KR102394522B1 (ko) * | 2020-06-23 | 2022-05-06 | 엔씨케이 주식회사 | 박막 봉지용 조성물 |
CN111925518B (zh) * | 2020-08-12 | 2022-06-10 | 大连九信精细化工有限公司 | 一种含直链硅氧烷结构聚芳醚酮聚合物、制备方法及应用 |
KR20220132328A (ko) * | 2021-03-23 | 2022-09-30 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 경화형 수지 조성물, 이로부터 제조되는 박막, 및 상기 박막을 포함하는 색 변환 패널 및 표시 장치 |
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JP2001348430A (ja) * | 2000-06-08 | 2001-12-18 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 防汚性塗膜及びその製造方法 |
KR100343938B1 (en) | 2000-11-29 | 2002-07-20 | Samsung Electronics Co Ltd | Preparation method of interlayer insulation membrane of semiconductor |
KR100554327B1 (ko) * | 2001-09-14 | 2006-02-24 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 실록산계 수지 및 이를 이용한 반도체 층간 절연막의 형성방법 |
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Also Published As
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JP4549832B2 (ja) | 2010-09-22 |
CN1657530A (zh) | 2005-08-24 |
US8053173B2 (en) | 2011-11-08 |
KR101007807B1 (ko) | 2011-01-14 |
US7582718B2 (en) | 2009-09-01 |
JP2005170943A (ja) | 2005-06-30 |
US20050131190A1 (en) | 2005-06-16 |
US20090321894A1 (en) | 2009-12-31 |
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