KR20010031437A - Fire alarm and fire alarm system - Google Patents

Abstract

At least one sensor 6 for detecting at least one fire characteristic with the evaluation circuit 7 in which the alarm device is operated when the fire alarm device F exceeds the first value defined by the respective fire characteristics, 14,15).

Higher second values for each fire characteristic are further monitored by at least one sensor 6, 14, 15, indicating that when the second value is exceeded, each escape route cannot be passed. Alarm signal is activated.

The fire alarm system has a control center 12, has fire alarm devices connected to the control center, and has an evacuation path display system with adjustable display means 13, 13 '.

Fire alarm devices of the evacuation path detection devices (F) are provided in the area of the evacuation paths, by which the fire characteristics are additionally monitored for the values threatening the fire, and by the additional monitoring function. The means 13, 13 'are controlled.

Description

Fire alarm system and fire alarm system {FIRE ALARM AND FIRE ALARM SYSTEM}

Apart from the relevant detection theory, a known fire alarm device of this type is designed such that the alarm is actuated at the smallest possible fire characteristic value without generating an acceptable false alarm. Due to recent developments in the processing and evaluation of sensor signals and in relation to sensors, the criteria by which the two requirements are fully fulfilled are now made by some types of fire alarm devices, for example the alarm devices are described in the literature. EP-A-0 654 770, EP-A-0 654 771, EP-A-0 660 282, EP-A-0 718 814, EP-A-0 821 330 and It is described in WO-A-98 / 15931.

If the alarm fails to activate the automatic fire extinguishing system, the fire building must often be evacuated in the event of a fire, since the progress of the fire is generally not prevented by the operation of the fire alarm. In this case, it is important to evacuate personnel to know the location and method of the safety escape route, on the other hand, and the indicator of the firefighter to be aware of the information. Thus, for example, it is of no use or limited usefulness that the presence or absence of a safety escape route or current safety status is not recognized at the same time and that information about possible escape routes is communicated to hotel guests.

The so-called voice system allows the personnel inside the building to hear acoustic evacuation orders, but those who provide individual commands, such as indicators, generally cannot quickly and reliably determine which evacuation route is still safe to use.

Similar systems are now available to predict fire propagation. However, although all the necessary sensors for the system are provided and the system recognizes key parameters of the building, such as floor coverings and furniture and combustible materials such as paper and cardboard such as indoors and corridors, Reliable information about the country is still not available.

For example, according to document DE-A-196 44 127, an evacuation system with various direction signals for evacuation routes that can be adapted to each hazard is described, which evacuation of the hazard Detectors, central sensing means for the automatic operation of the evacuation system, and automatic control of the danger of the evacuation pathway signal, but there is no exact description of the actual implementation of the system. Although the risk potential is determined on line and an optimal evacuation plan is established in the event of a fire, except for the so-called modular lifesaving expert system, the location of the fire, the propagation of the fire, for the optimal evacuation plan, It is insufficient to recognize the method, and specific non-compute information on the availability of evacuation routes is required.

Recognizing that human life cannot be relied upon in the operational function of the expert system, the present invention provides reliable information about the condition of the evacuation route, in addition to the normal function of the fire alarm system, which is protected by false alarms and recognizes low values of fire characteristics. Provide a fire alarm system provided.

The present invention relates to a fire alarm device having an evaluation circuit and at least one sensor for detecting at least one fire characteristic, wherein the additional alarm device alerts when a first value defined by each fire characteristic is exceeded. This is done.

1 is a first detailed view of a fire alarm system in accordance with the present invention.

2 is a second detail view of a fire alarm system in accordance with the present invention;

* Code Description

1 ... fire alarm 2 ... camera

3 ... Alarm insert 5 ... Smoke inlet opening

6 ... optical module 7 ... electronic evaluation unit

8 ... light source 9 ... light receiver

11 ... Output 12 ... Control Center

13 ... evacuation route indicator 15 ... temperature sensor

According to the invention, a higher second value for each fire characteristic due to at least one sensor is further monitored and an alarm indicating that when the second value is exceeded it cannot pass each evacuation route. The signal is activated.

According to a first preferred embodiment of the alarm device according to the invention, the second value relating to the fire characteristic represents a numerical value threatening human life.

For each fire characteristic, the fire alarm according to the present invention includes at least one second threshold and, when said threshold is exceeded, activates an alarm signal indicating that it cannot pass through each escape route. Depending on the fire characteristics, for example life-threatening smoke gas or carbon monoxide condensate or life-threatening temperature or life-threatening radiation pressure may be the second threshold, corresponding sensors are provided in the alarm device. When the second threshold or another threshold is exceeded, the fire brigade recognizes that the control center or a special device, such as a pager, for example, receives the corresponding signal and that each escape route is unavailable, thus blocking the escape route. Have a chance to

The second threshold corresponds to a preliminary alerting device and can be assigned to a slightly smaller third threshold, so that the control center receives information as to which evacuation route is not available in the future.

According to a second embodiment of a fire alarm apparatus according to the invention, it is characterized by an optical and / or acoustic display and / or alarm means which can be actuated by the alarm signal. The means may be provided on the alarm device itself, but the alarm devices may be arranged in suitable locations at some distance from, for example, entrances to corridors or stairwells.

According to another preferred embodiment of the fire alarm device according to the invention, it is characterized by a camera for monitoring the space surrounding the alarm device, the central evaluation and / or observation station of the respective images recorded by the camera. Means for transmitting control to the vehicle, wherein a part of the control center of the fire alarm system is preferably formed by the station.

In contrast to the above embodiments, the information only moves from the alarm device to the control center, the control center or the fire chief of the control center does not affect the flow of information, and the fire alarm device with the camera is intentionally designated by the fire alarm device. Alternatively, evacuation routes can be selectively monitored and a danger situation that can not be detected by the sensors of the fire alarm system can be recognized. Thus, in particular, evacuation routes can be established whether they are still structurally / mechanically complete enough for use. And find personnel injured or unconscious and rescue them.

The present invention relates to a fire alarm system having a control center 12, fire alarm devices connected to the control center, and having an evacuation path marking system with adjustable display means 13, 13 '. The fire alarm system according to the present invention is provided with fire alarm devices of the evacuation path detection devices (F) in the area of the evacuation paths, by which the fire characteristics are further monitored for the values at which the fire threatens the fire, The display apparatus means 13, 13 'are controlled by the additional monitoring function.

For example, the display means may be a simple display device in the form of arrows currently generalized or a composite display panel for the whole building or part of a building. It may be a display device means provided directly on the evacuation path sensing devices, and therefore the evacuation path which is not available in each case is indicated by the additional monitoring function.

In hotel rooms, evacuation routes may be formed, for example, by an electronic display panel, where empty evacuation routes are indicated by green arrows, blocked evacuation routes are indicated by red arrows, and indicated by green arrows. . In addition, evacuation routes that have become nearly unavailable can be indicated by suitable warning symbols.

According to the first embodiment of the fire alarm system according to the present invention, a means called a person counter in the area of the evacuation paths is provided in each evacuation path for monitoring the flow of personnel, and the display means controls the display means. do.

According to an advantage of this embodiment, reliable information regarding the flow of personnel inside the evacuation routes is provided by the system, so that overload evacuation routes can be blocked.

According to a second preferred embodiment of the fire alarm system according to the present invention, evacuation path detectors and / or personnel counters are connected directly to the respective display device means.

Therefore, the local evacuation route control function is achieved by the above method, and for example, an evacuation route detector and / or a person counter installed in the corridor are connected to the display device arranged at the connection part of the corridor. Personnel counters and / or evacuation path detectors mounted inside the stairwell or main corridor are similarly connected by indicators mounted at the entrance or side entrances to the stairwell or main corridor, and as a result the entrance or side entry May be marked as unavailable.

The connection of evacuation path detectors and / or personnel counters to the display means can be extended by the control center, and if the evacuation path is controlled locally, it may be useful in certain circumstances, for example in case of failure. have.

According to a third preferred embodiment of the fire alarm system according to the invention, the personnel counter is integrated into the evacuation path detector.

According to another preferred embodiment of the fire alarm system according to the present invention, a computer is provided in which all fire alarm devices and personnel counters are connected, providing a current fire and evacuation route data, and which is simulated by the computer when an alarm occurs. The appropriate evacuation route is calculated and the indicator is connected. By means of fire alarm devices (general fire alarm and evacuation path detectors) and personnel counters and indicator elements, a computer with the corresponding software forms a rescue system.

The software may also include a fire simulation system capable of simulating serious cases in the absence of an alarm, which is very useful for planning the system and evacuation routes, especially when new or specially used spaces are used. . According to the fire simulation system, the functions of the system (e.g. evacuation routes and personnel counters and indicator elements) can be formed for a given personnel density of the building, and the given hazard situation and the system can be tested and optimized.

However, in the event of an alarm, rescue operations are prohibited based on a theoretical model of a simulated fire and should be made with reference to the actual conditions provided by the evacuation alarm and personnel counter data. Thus, all simulated fire or rescue work models to which personnel counters and / or evacuation path detectors are connected differ from the rescue system according to the present invention.

Rescue systems can also be very useful to fire chiefs by providing graphical illustrations of buildings or local threats. The fire alarm system according to the invention can also be connected to a voice system.

According to another embodiment in which a fire alarm system according to the invention is preferred, personnel counters are designed in the form of light circuit breakers or curtains, and the counters are installed for counting personnel passing through the sensing area. As another variant, for example, using a CMOS technology camera, the number of people can be counted by the image processing function.

The present invention is described in detail with reference to embodiments and drawings.

Referring to the detailed view of Figure 1, the call alert system according to the present invention is composed of a evacuation path detector (F) and a life counter (P) connected to the control center 12 and evacuation path display device (13). The evacuation path display device F comprises a point fire detector which is enlarged by an optical fire alarm device 1 such as emission light or by additional sensors for fire characteristics. The CO sensor 14 and the temperature sensor 15 forming the chief of the evacuation path detector F are configured as further such sensors. A radiation pressure sensor (not shown in the figure) may optionally be provided.

So far, most deaths in fires are due to CO poisoning, so the CO sensor is described as a key device. Suitable CO sensors are described in document EP-B-0 612 408 (see EP-A-0 803 850), and it has been found that NTC thermistors are suitable as temperature sensors (AlgoRex fire alarm system). PolyRex smoke alarm; PolyRex and AlgoRex are registered trademarks of Cerberus AG).

Assuming that the optical alarm devices similar to the fire alarm device 1 are known, the optical alarm devices are not described in detail in the present invention. In this regard, reference is made to the following patent applications EP-A-0616 305, EP-A-0813 178, EP-A-0821 330 and EP-A-0 886 252. Optionally the evacuation path detector F comprises a camera 2 in the fire alarm device 1. As is known, the illustrated fire alarm device 1 is composed of an alarm insert 3 and an alarm cap 4, the alarm insert being provided at the base (not shown). Lockable, the alarm cap 4 can be slid over the alarm insert 3 and a smoke inlet 5 is provided in the ceiling area. The alarm insert 3 essentially comprises an optical module 6 and an electronic evaluation unit 7.

In the emission ray warning device, the optical module 6 consists essentially of the measuring chamber 10, which comprises a light source 8 and a light receiver 9, by means not shown in the drawings. Protected from external rays. The optical axes of the light source 8 and the light receiver 9 formed by infrared or red or blue light emitting diodes (IRED or LED) are twisted with respect to each other and from the light source 8 by means of said paths and breakers The light beam is prevented from directly passing through the optical receiver 9. The light source 8 transmits a short length and high intensity light pulse to the center portion of the measuring chamber 10 described as the dispersion chamber, and the light receiver 9 senses the dispersion chamber but not the light source 8. .

Light rays of the light source 8 are dispersed by the smoke penetrating into the dispersion chamber, and a part of the scattered light rays impinge on the light receiver 9. Thus, the generated receiver signal is processed by the electronic evaluation unit 7. During processing, the electronic evaluation unit 7 when the receiver signal is compared with the alarm threshold and at least one preliminary alarm threshold according to a known method, and when the alarm threshold which is described next as the fire alarm threshold is exceeded by the receiver signal. Sends an alarm signal at the output 11. For example, according to an intelligent signal processing method using fuzzy logic or neural network, an alarm signal is emitted at the lowest possible smoke level without generating an unacceptable malfunction alarm.

In addition to the thresholds, another alarm threshold, described as evacuation path detector threshold, is included in the electronic evaluation unit 7 and the evacuation path detector threshold is actually larger than the fire alarm threshold and the electronic evaluation unit is capable of handling significant dynamic range. (7) is to be designed. According to the smoke alarm shown, if the receiver signal is still observed even after the fire alarm is activated, the evacuation path detector threshold of the receiver signal is also examined. Depending on the signal characteristics, for example in a simple embodiment, a simple and additional bit for ″ router path safety ″ or ″ evacuation path safety ″ (danger) is delivered via output 11, and ″ evacuation path safety In the case of ″, it is indicated by the bit that each escape path cannot pass. The bit is transmitted to the control center 12 of the fire alarm system, optionally connected to each fire alarm device, controlled by the control center, and by each fire alarm device by an adjustable evacuation path indicator 13. The escape route to be monitored is blocked by the bit. For example, one of the emergency evacuation display devices according to the prior art may be configured by the display device, which emits green when passable, red when not passable, and the color is represented by the corresponding pictograms. May be indicated by. In addition, the remote evacuation device may transmit the above-mentioned "safety escape safety" information to approaching firefighters.

In addition, another evacuation path detector threshold for fire alarm thresholds, CO sensor 14 and temperature sensor 15, for example an evacuation path detector threshold corresponding to 1000 to 1500 ppm of CO and for example at about 60 ° C. The evacuation path detector threshold of the temperature sensor 15 is included in the electronic evaluation unit 7. As in the smoke density, the receiver signals of the CO sensor 14 and the temperature sensor 15 are adjusted by the electronic evaluation unit 7 and when the respective evacuation path detector thresholds are exceeded, the corresponding signal is output to the output 11. Passed by the electronic evaluation unit 7, an additional bit for ″ Escape route empty ″ or ″ Escape alarm safety ″ is delivered to the evacuation route display device 13 connected to the control center 12 or the alarm device, The evacuation route is blocked in the case of ″ evacuation pathway instability ″.

The person counter P is designed as a light circuit breaker or light curtain and consists of two operating infrared alarm devices, including for example a receiver with one operating light source and an electronic evaluation unit. For example, an arrangement of this type is described in document EP-A-0 845 765.

Personnel counter P, connected to control center 12 and evacuation path display device 13, directly or by evacuation path detector F, counts the flow of personnel within each evacuation path. When the measurements provided in the personnel counter (P) or evacuation path detector (F) or optionally in the control center 12 are compared with the alarm threshold by the electronic evaluation unit, and when the measurement exceeds the alarm threshold, each evacuation route is Evacuation route indicator (B) is activated to be blocked. Personnel counter (P) may be integrally configurable or separately installed inside the evacuation path detector (F).

It is preferred that the camera 2 be arranged in a carrier part 16 connected to the fire alarm device 1, the carrier part being operated on the fire alarm device 1, for processing camera signals (shown in the figure). Step), and the output of the camera signal is connected to the electronic evaluation unit (7). The camera 2 is always ready to shoot but cannot provide the screens of the surveillance space to the control center 12. Provided only on the basis of the command from the control center 12. According to the method, the fire chief checks the evacuation routes by remote control and closes the evacuation routes if it is determined that the evacuation routes are no longer safe. The fire chief can also monitor the situation inside the evacuation route, so that injured or unconscious personnel can be quickly rescued. You can also use a camera to count people.

Optionally, the camera 2 is automatically enabled to exceed the evacuation path threshold of the evacuation path detector F or the person counter P, and the image can be transmitted to the control center 12. For example, it is formed by a data bus between the alarm device 1 and the control center 12 so that the connection is not disturbed by the video signals from the camera 2 in the alarm phase, so that the alarm signals It is important that it can always pass without delay from the various sensors to the control center 12. On the other hand, it is more important that the fire chief can monitor the evacuation route as the sensors dramatically respond to the response and the fire alarm is already activated or the evacuation route alarm threshold is exceeded.

It is evident that the camera 2 does not need to be connected to the alarm device 1 structurally, but can be arranged at a distance from the alarm device, which requires additional costs associated with the line array. Is preferred, the processor of the alarm device 1 compresses the pictures taken by the camera so that the pictures can be transmitted via a prior art data bus at a frequency of about 5 pictures per minute and The baud rate depends on the occupancy of the bus.

The control center 12 may comprise a computer having suitable evaluation software to which the system, evacuation path detector F and all personnel counters P of the ″ general ″ fire alarm and all fire alarm devices are connected. A product under the trademark 'exodus' is known as a software tool suitable for these purposes. When an alarm occurs, the fire alarms provide the computer with current fire and evacuation route data, and the personality counters (P) also provide current evacuation route data, calculate the most suitable evacuation routes and, as a result, evacuation route indicators. The computer uses the data to switch (B).

An evacuation system is constructed that is supplemented with fire simulation software by control centers 12 with a computer and associated peripherals. The fire simulation software makes it possible to simulate serious cases when there is no fire and is very useful for planning the system and evacuation routes or for planning new or special uses of space.

Referring to FIG. 2, a schematic of a rectangular stairwell 5 in which four side inlets G are open is shown. At each side entrance G, there is shown a side evacuation path display device B in which the stairwell 5 is formed at the side entrance by a door T and an evacuation path display device B 'on the side of the stairwell. In addition, evacuation path detectors (F) are installed in the stairwell (5) and the side entrance (G), evacuation path detector (s) inside the stairwell (S) to the side entrance-side evacuation path display devices (B) Connected. Each evacuation route detector (F) located inside the side entrance (G) is connected to an evacuation route display device (B ') arranged at the stairwell side of the door (T), and the door closes each side entrance. .

Through the evacuation path detector (F) arranged in close proximity to the person counter (P) or directly to the evacuation path display device 13 'arranged at the side of the stair passage, a door (T) for closing each side entrance (G). Personnel counters P to be connected are arranged in the side entrance G. Personnel counters (P) can also be arranged inside the stairwell (S). However, it is preferred that the flow of personnel inside the stairwell 5 is calculated from data relating to the side entrance G which is opened into the stairwell and branched from the open trough.

If the evacuation route alarm threshold is exceeded by the evacuation path detector (s) inside the stairwell 5, or if the stairwell 5 is overfilled, indicated by the figures on the person counter P, All associated evacuation path marking devices 13 of the side entrance are operated so as not to pass through, and access from the side entrances G into the stairwell 5 is blocked. If the evacuation route alarm threshold is exceeded by a person counter (P) or evacuation route detector (F) inside the side entrance (G), the evacuation route display device at the stairway side of the door (T) closing the side entrance 13 'is operated so that it cannot pass, and therefore access to the side entrance in between is blocked.

In FIG. 2, an embodiment for explaining an operation mode of a fire alarm system mainly equipped with evacuation path detection devices and personnel counters is to be understood as non-limiting. On the one hand, the transfer action between the personality counters P and the evacuation path display devices B and B 'and the evacuation path detection devices F on the one hand is not limited to the direction connection shown, but by various methods. It is clear to those skilled in the art that this can be done. As described above, the transmission function may be communicated through the control center (of FIG. 1) and additionally to firefighters. Similarly, the transmission function is not limited to the data bus, but can be accomplished by wireless or so-called hybrid system.

In addition, the instructions for connecting the evacuation route indication devices to each other in the entire building or in individual stairs or subsidiary buildings of the building, and thus the instructions for blocking the evacuation route may be relayed from the evacuation route indication device to the evacuation route indication device, respectively. The indication of the evacuation route of the indicator indicates the current state in each case.

Claims (22)

When the first value defined by each fire characteristic is exceeded, a fire with an evaluation circuit 7 in which an alarm device is activated and at least one sensor 6, 14, 15 for sensing at least one fire characteristic In the alarm device A higher second value for each fire characteristic is further monitored by at least one sensor 6, 14, 15, indicating that when the second value is exceeded, it is impossible to cross each escape route. Fire alarm device, characterized in that the alarm signal to operate. The fire alarm apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said second value relating to fire characteristics represents a numerical value threatening human life. A fire alarm apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by an optical and / or acoustic display and / or alarm means (13, 13 ') which can be actuated by the alarm signal. 4. A fire alarm apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the display and / or alarm means (13, 13 ') are provided on a fire alarm apparatus (F). The fire alarm apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the display device and / or the alarm means (13, 13 ') are formed by an evacuation path display device provided at a distance from the fire alarm device (F). 4. A camera (2) for sensing the space (G, S) surrounding the alarm device (F), the central assessment and / or observation of the respective meditations recorded by the camera (2). Means for controlling transmission to the station, wherein a portion of the control center of the fire alarm system is formed by the station. 7. Fire alarm system according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one sensor is formed by a smoke and / or combustion gas sensor (6 or 14). 8. The fire alarm system (F) according to claim 7, wherein at least one sensor is formed by the optical smoke sensor (6), and the sensor for radiation pressure and / or the temperature sensor (5) and / or the CO sensor (14) Fire alarm device, characterized in that configured in. The fire alarm apparatus according to claim 6, wherein a camera (2) is installed in one carrier (16) mechanically connected to the fire alarm apparatus. The fire alarm apparatus according to claim 6, wherein a camera (2) is installed in a carrier spaced apart from the fire alarm apparatus. In a fire alarm system having a control center 12, having fire alarm devices connected to the control center, and having an evacuation path marking system having adjustable display means 13, 13 ', Fire alarm devices of the evacuation path detection devices (F) are provided in the area of the evacuation paths, by which the fire characteristics are additionally monitored for the values threatening the fire, and by the additional monitoring function. Fire alarm system, characterized in that the means (13, 13 ') are controlled. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein in the area of the evacuation routes, means of the personnel counter P are provided inside each evacuation route for monitoring the flow of personnel, by means of which the display means 13, 13 ' Fire alarm device, characterized in that controlled. 13. A fire alarm system according to claim 12, characterized in that evacuation path detectors (F) and / or personnel counters (P) are directly connected to the respective display means. The fire alarm apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the personnel counters (P) are integrally formed inside the evacuation path detecting apparatus (F). The fire alarm apparatus according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that a camera (2) for video surveillance of the space to be monitored is constituted in the evacuation path detection devices (5). The fire alarm apparatus according to claim 15, wherein a part of the intrusion alarm apparatus connected to the evacuation path detector (F) is formed by the camera. 15. The evacuation route detecting apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the personnel counters (P) are connected to the evacuation path alarm devices (F), and signals generated from the personnel counters (P) are transmitted to the evacuation path detection devices (F). Fire alarm system, characterized in that it is transmitted from the display device means (13, 13 ') and / or to the control center (12). 18. A computer as claimed in any one of claims 12 to 17, comprising a computer connected to all fire alarm devices (F) and person counting device (P) and provided with the current fire and evacuation route data, wherein the computer at the time of an alarm is generated. By means of which the most preferred evacuation routes are calculated and the display means (13, 13 ') are operated. 18. Fire alarm system according to claim 13 or 17, characterized in that the person counters (P) are designed and provided by means of light interrupters or light curtains for counting the number of people passing through the sensing area. 20. The receiver and the active light source according to claim 19, wherein the person counters P are respectively constituted by two active infrared ray alarm devices, and the active infrared ray alarm devices are mounted on mutually opposite walls and each has a receiver and an active light source having an electronic evaluation unit. Fire alarm device comprising a. 20. The fire alarm apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the person counters (P) are formed by a ceiling mounted, active infrared alarm device including an active light source and a receiving device having an electronic evaluation unit. 18. The fire alarm apparatus according to claim 13 or 17, wherein the number of persons is counted by image processing.