DE102013200815A1 - Apparatus for dynamic output of information for evacuation of people from building during e.g. fire in building, has control unit that outputs information for evacuation of people based on current availability of escape routes - Google Patents

Abstract

The apparatus has sensors (K1,K1',K1',K1''') that determines current availability of escape routes (NA1,NA2) located in building. A control unit (SE) is provided for real time processing of data determined via sensors. The control unit is configured to output information for evacuation of people (P) from building (G) based on determined current availability of escape routes. An independent claim is included for a method for dynamic output of information for evacuation of people from building during hazardous situation.

Description

The present invention relates to an arrangement and a method for the dynamic output of information for the evacuation of persons from buildings.

The fast and safe emergency evacuation of people from buildings plays an increasingly important role today, especially with regard to terrorist attacks or severe weather disasters. A fast and safe emergency evacuation is therefore already in the planning of infrastructures, eg. For example, buildings are an important aspect.

However, known evacuation systems are, however, designed statically, such. As the marking of emergency exits or the routing to located in the building emergency exits.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an arrangement and method for the dynamic output of information for the evacuation of people from buildings.

• – eine geeignete erste Sensorik zur Bestimmung der aktuellen Verwendbarkeit der jeweiligen im Gebäude befindlichen Fluchtwege;
• – eine Steuereinheit zur Echtzeitverarbeitung der von der Sensorik gelieferten Daten; und
• – im Gebäude befindliche Ausgabevorrichtungen zur dynamischen Ausgabe von Evakuierungsinformation, die von der Steuereinheit basierend auf der aktuellen Verwendbarkeit der Fluchtwege bereitgestellt wird. Fluchtwege sind je nach der Anzahl der Personen in den verschiedenen Gebäudeteilen stark oder weniger stark ausgelastet. Weiterhin können Fluchtwege durch Hindernisse (z. B. durch Brand oder Rauch) versperrt oder nur schwer passierbar sein. Die Räumung eines Gebäudes erfolgt allerdings schneller, wenn die Personen dynamisch (je nach Auslastung bzw. Verfügbarkeit) zu offenen und passierbaren Fluchtwegen geführt werden.

The object is achieved by an arrangement for the dynamic output of information for the evacuation of persons from buildings, comprising:

• A suitable first sensor for determining the current usability of the respective escape routes in the building;
• A control unit for real-time processing of the data supplied by the sensor system; and
• In-building output devices for dynamically outputting evacuation information provided by the control unit based on the current usability of the escape routes. Escape routes are heavily or less heavily utilized, depending on the number of people in the various parts of the building. Furthermore escape routes can be obstructed by obstacles (eg fire or smoke) or difficult to pass. The evacuation of a building, however, is faster if the people are led dynamically (depending on capacity or availability) to open and passable escape routes.

A first advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the determination of the current usability of escape routes based on their respective utilization and / or their passability. Suitable sensors (eg cameras and / or gas detectors) are placed in escape routes (eg staircases). These sensors detect z. B. smoke, number of people (utilization). As a result, the utilization or usability (escape route smoke) of an escape route can be determined. Usually the display of escape routes in buildings via static signs or signposts. The invention makes it possible to take into account the current utilization and current passability of escape routes in the evacuation of people from buildings. Thus, currently present blockages but also expected blockages are detected and taken into account in the evacuation. As a result, in the evacuation u. a. Panic situations are avoided.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the output devices comprise illumination means which represent the evacuation information by a suitable light coding. With the supplied sensor information z. As the floor or ceiling lighting a room with several emergency exits in an emergency (fire, terror alert, ...) controlled. The floor or ceiling lighting consists z. B. from lights where the color (RGB lights) can be changed. In an emergency, this can be a light coding (eg a light spot on or a light framing (eg green color) around the passable emergency exits of a room).

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the evacuation information is formed by a light band generated by the output device, which indicates the way to a suitable escape route in a room of a building. So it is possible the passable escape routes in a room (paths to the passable emergency exits) on the ceiling or on the floor z. B. with the color green. Optionally, the rest of the ceiling or the floor is illuminated with a different color red, z. B. Red. This increases the contrast to the escape route display color and people in the room can perceive safer the way to passable escape routes. As a result, a light band (eg in the color green) forms on the ceiling or on the floor to a passable emergency exit. This green light band can also be displayed as a running light (running direction emergency exit). This will indicate the direction in which the emergency exit is located.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention resides in a suitable second sensor system for determining the current position data of the persons in the building. In the building or in a room located additional persons represent from the point of view of an individual in the evacuation case in principle also an obstacle on the way to an escape route. By taking into account the current position data of the persons located in the building z. B. in evacuation clogging or overload situations in escape routes can be avoided. Also, dedicated escape route information for a person can be determined and output. The second Sensor can z. B. be realized by cameras. Advantageously, the first and the second sensors are realized by the same sensors (eg cameras). This saves installation costs. The second sensor can also be realized by pressure sensors in the floor or by motion detectors. In principle, position data of persons in a building can also be obtained by Near Field Communication, eg. B. by suitably attached RFID technology, eg. For example, by integrating RFID antennas into the floor or in floor slabs and attaching RFID tags to the persons (eg through visitor badges upon entering the building).

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the control unit, based on the respective current position data of the people in the building and the current usability of the escape routes, performs an object flow simulation, and wherein based on the results of the object flow simulation respectively updated evacuation information provided by the output devices become. By an object current simulation, the expected movement of persons is simulated as realistically as possible in order to derive, for example, statements on the evacuation of persons from buildings.

Characterized in that the position information of persons and the availability of escape routes are used as input parameters for an object current simulation, a dedicated cursive route can be deductively calculated for the respective person. For example, a person's fastest path from their current location to the nearest passable emergency exit. This can be an effective evacuation of a given area or building. Escape routes can be identified on output devices (eg light installations, but also screens or scoreboards) in the building. Furthermore, escaping flight information can be transmitted via technical guidance systems to escaping persons in a dangerous situation in a targeted, dedicated and coordinated manner. In principle, it is also possible to transmit the escape route information to a mobile device of a person. For this purpose, however, it is necessary that the mobile device (eg smartphone, PDA) can be clearly assigned to a person, eg. B. by a prior notification of the person at the control device (eg., Building management system), z. B. in advance via the Internet or upon entering the building. The object current simulation can be carried out on a commercially available computer (eg laptop, PC) with suitable simulation software.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the direction of movement of a person is determined by the first and second sensors and wherein the direction of movement of the person is used for the object current simulation. Thus, motion patterns and directions of movement can be easily detected for a person and used for the object stream simulation to calculate a dedicated route guidance for the corresponding person. With advantage z. B. several video cameras in a sensor network so interconnected that a nationwide tracking of the person positions (including movement direction) can be performed.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention lies in the fact that emission propagation of a source of danger in the building is furthermore used for the object current simulation. The movement behavior of persons is also subject to dynamic influences caused, for example, by emissions of various kinds. This produces a direct coupling between an object current simulation, in particular a person current simulation, and an emission propagation model. The emission propagation parameters for the simulation of a hazard propagation are derived from the measured values (eg temperature distribution, air flows) provided by the sensors. The propagation of the emission can z. B. be continuously calculated. In this case, a continuous calculated emission propagation is coupled with a discrete person or object current model. In each time step, the emission propagation model is discretized to take over the values, whereby the emission propagation model itself always continuously calculates the propagation of the emission. For an efficient calculation of the simulation model, z. As the so-called fast marching algorithm can be used. The calculation can z. B. done on a standard PC with appropriate software. The emissions include, for example, heat emissions or pollutant emissions or smoke emissions, which are caused by an emission source or a fire source. The consideration of pollutant emissions in the building (pollutant emissions occur very often in hazardous situations, eg in fires) allow for a targeted cursory route selection and thus a safe and rapid evacuation.

• – Bestimmen der aktuellen Verwendbarkeit von im Gebäude befindlichen Fluchtwegen durch eine geeignete erste Sensorik;
• – Ermitteln von Evakuierungsinformationen durch eine Steuereinheit, basierend auf der aktuellen Verwendbarkeit der Fluchtwege; und

Ausgeben der Evakuierungsinformation durch geeignete Ausgabevorrichtungen im Gebäude. Das Verfahren kann prinzipiell durch handelsübliche Geräte und Installationen realisiert werden. Als Sensorik können z. B. Kameras (Überwachungskameras) verwendet werden. Als geeignete Ausgabevorrichtungen im Gebäude können z. B. eine vorhandene Beleuchtung oder Anzeigemonitoren verwendet werden. Als Steuereinheit kann ein handelsüblicher Computer mit Prozessor, Eingabe-, Ausgabe-, und Kommunikationsmittel verwendet werden. Mit Vorteil werden zur Kommunikation zwischen der Steuereinheit und der Sensorik bzw. den Ausgabevorrichtungen drahtlose Kommunikationsmittel (z. B. Funkverbindungen) verwendet. Dies erspart insbesondere bei einer Nachrüstung eine aufwendige Verkabelung. Prinzipiell kann die Kommunikation aber auch drahtgebunden erfolgen (z. B. durch eine Busverbindung).The object is further achieved by a method for the dynamic output of information for the evacuation of persons from buildings, comprising:

• Determining the current usability of escape routes in the building by means of a suitable first sensor system;
• Determining evacuation information by a control unit based on the current usability of the escape routes; and

Issue the evacuation information by appropriate output devices in the building. The method can be realized in principle by commercially available devices and installations. As a sensor z. As cameras (surveillance cameras) can be used. As suitable output devices in the building z. As an existing lighting or display monitors are used. As a control unit, a commercially available computer with processor, input, output, and communication means can be used. Advantageously, wireless communication means (eg radio links) are used for the communication between the control unit and the sensor system or the output devices. This saves a complicated wiring especially when retrofitting. In principle, however, the communication can also be made by wire (for example, by a bus connection).

• – Bestimmen der aktuellen Positionsdaten der sich im Gebäude befindlichen Personen durch eine geeignete zweite Sensorik;
• – Durchführen einer Objektstromsimulation durch die Steuereinheit, basierend auf den aktuellen Positionsdaten der im Gebäude befindlichen Personen und der aktuellen Verwendbarkeit der Fluchtwege, wobei basierend auf den Ergebnissen der Objektstromsimulation jeweils aktuelle Evakuierungsinformationen durch die Ausgabevorrichtungen bereitgestellt werden. Mit Vorteil wird für die zweite Sensorik die bereits vorhandene erste Sensorik verwendet (z. B. Überwachungskameras). Mit Vorteil wird die Objektstromsimulation auf einem handelsüblichen Computer mit einer geeigneten Simulationssoftware durchgeführt.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the method further comprises the following steps:

• Determining the current position data of the persons in the building by means of a suitable second sensor system;
• Performing an object current simulation by the control unit based on the current position data of the persons in the building and the current usability of the escape routes, wherein current evacuation information is provided by the output devices based on the results of the object current simulation. Advantageously, the already existing first sensor system is used for the second sensor system (eg surveillance cameras). Advantageously, the object current simulation is performed on a commercially available computer with a suitable simulation software.

An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the drawing and will be explained below.

Showing:

1 an exemplary schematic representation of the present invention, and

2 an exemplary flowchart for a method for carrying out the present invention.

1 shows an exemplary schematic representation of the present invention. In a room R of a building G is a person P. The room may, for. B. a room, a hallway, a staircase, a balcony, but in principle also to an outdoor area of a building G act. In the event of an emergency (eg fire, terrorist alarm), persons P in building G should be evacuated safely and quickly. Nowadays, buildings (ie, public buildings in particular) are provided with emergency exits NA1, NA2 and signposts to emergency exits to show persons P a route out of building G in an emergency. In the known static emergency exit systems, however, it is not ensured that the path behind an emergency exit door NA1, NA2 actually represents an escape route from the building G, because the escape route behind one of the emergency exit doors NA1, NA2 could be blocked.

By contrast, the arrangement according to the invention makes it possible to dynamically output information for evacuating persons P from buildings G. According to the illustration according to FIG 1 the arrangement comprises a suitable first sensor system K1, K1 ', K1'',K1''' for determining the current usability of the respective escape routes NA1, NA2 located in the building. As a suitable first sensor K1, K1 ', K1'',K1''' z. As cameras are used. In 1 the cameras K1 and K1 'monitor the emergency exit NA1, the cameras K1''andK1''' the emergency exit NA2. In 1 the camera K1 '''detects that behind the emergency exit NA2 there is an obstacle H in the form of a fire. An escape route via emergency exit NA2 would therefore not be passable. This information that, starting from the room R, an escape route via the emergency exit NA2 can not be used by a person P in the room R, is transmitted to the control unit SE by the camera K1 '"in real time via a communication link KV (eg a radio link ) provided. The control unit SE (eg PC, laptop, workstation) determines based on the building plan and the data supplied by the first sensors K1, K1 ', K1'',K1''' regarding the usability or passability of emergency exits NA1 , NA2 evacuation information EI for persons P in the building G. The control unit SE transmits the evacuation information EI via the communication link KV to output devices AV1-Avn located in the building G for the dynamic output of the evacuation information EI. In an output device AV1-AVn, it may, for. B. monitors in the building G for graphical and / or textual output of evacuation information EI act, or as in 1 presented to illuminants mounted in the floor. Advantageously, the illumination means are embedded in the floor covering so as to be resistant to treading and form a grid for displaying suitable graphic evacuation information EI. The evacuation information can be z. B. be formed by a generated by the output device AV1-AVn light band, which indicates the path to a suitable escape route NA1 in a room R of a building G of a person. The lighting means for graphically outputting the evacuation information EI may also be mounted on walls or on the ceiling of rooms R. Furthermore, the evacuation information EI may also comprise acoustic information (eg announcements) which can be output by loudspeakers located in the building.

The control unit SE receives information about the respective usability of all emergency exits located in the building G, also in different rooms and parts of the building G. Advantageously, the control unit SE determines a total escape route from the building G, for each room. Advantageously, the control unit SE dynamically determines the total escape routes for reported changes in the passability of emergency exits or (local) escape routes. Advantageously, the control unit SE determines escape routes due to a predicted utilization of an emergency exit. The control unit SE can thus detect bottlenecks (bottlenecks) and ensure, through an evacuation information dedicated to the persons P in each room R, that a bottleneck is passed by the persons P at a suitable time interval.

Advantageously, the arrangement also comprises a suitable second sensor K2, K2 'for determining the current position data of the persons located in the building G P. By taking into account the current position data of the persons located in the building G P z. B. in evacuation clogging or overload situations in escape routes can be avoided. It is also possible for a person P to determine and output dedicated escape route information EI. The second sensor K2, K2 'can z. B. be realized by cameras. Advantageously, the first and the second sensors are realized by the same sensors (eg cameras). This saves installation costs.

Advantageously, an object current simulation is performed by the control unit SE, based on the respective current position data of the people P in the building G and the current usability of the escape routes NA1, NA2, and based on the results of the object flow simulation respectively updated evacuation information EI by the output devices AV1-AVn. An object stream simulation simulates the expected movement of people based on an underlying movement model as realistically as possible. This can be an effective evacuation of the building.

The emission propagation of a hazard H (eg a fire) in the building G is advantageously also used for the object current simulation. The emissions include, for example, heat emissions or pollutant emissions or smoke emissions, which are caused by an emission source or a fire source. The emissions can influence a flow of people through direct contact, for example by injuring people by the emission, or indirectly influence the flow of people considered, since they change or influence the speed of movement of the persons. This also results in an effective evacuation of the building G. The calculation of the object current simulation can z. B. done on a standard PC with appropriate software.

2 shows an exemplary flowchart for a method for carrying out the present invention. The representation according to 2 shows a method for the dynamic output of information for the evacuation of persons P from buildings G with the following method steps:
Determining the current usability of escape routes located in the building G by means of a suitable first sensor system (VS1);
Determining evacuation information by a control unit SE based on the current usability of the escape routes (VS2); and
Issue the evacuation information EI by appropriate output devices in the building (VS3).

Optionally, the method includes further steps:
Determining the current position data of the persons P in the building by means of a suitable second sensor system (VS4);
Performing an object current simulation by the control unit SE based on the current position data of the persons in the building and the current usability of the escape routes, wherein current evacuation information is provided by the output devices based on the results of the object flow simulation (VS5).

Advantageously, the first and second sensors are realized by the same sensor. This saves installation costs. The control unit SE can be realized by a commercially available computer and, depending on the requirement (eg size of the building, extent of the sensor system), can be equipped with appropriate processor power.

Arrangement and method for the dynamic output of information for the evacuation of persons from buildings, wherein a suitable first sensor is used to determine the current usability of the respective escape routes in the building, wherein a control unit processes the data supplied by the sensor in real time, and wherein a dynamic delivery of evacuation information on in-building dispensers, the evacuation information being provided by the control unit based on the current usability of the escape routes. For the provision of the evacuation information, it is also advantageous to take into account the position data of the persons in the building, and optionally the emission propagation of a source of danger (eg fire in the building).

reference numeral

• G

  building

  R

  room

  K1, K1 ', K1' ', K1' ''

  First sensor

  K2, K2 '

  Second sensor

  P

  person

  BR

  movement direction

  H

  obstacle

  EGG

  evacuation information

  AV1 Avn

  output device

  SE

  control unit

  KV

  communication link

  NA1, NA2

  escape route

  VS1-VS5

  step

Claims (10)

Arrangement for the dynamic output of information for the evacuation of persons (P) from buildings (G), the arrangement comprising: a suitable first sensor system (K1, K1 ', K1' ', K1' '') for determining the current usability of the respective escape routes (NA1, NA2) located in the building; a control unit (SE) for real-time processing of the data supplied by the sensor system (K1, K1 ', K1' ', K1' ''); and in the building (G) located output devices (AV1-Avn) for the dynamic output of evacuation information, which is provided by the control unit (SE) based on the current usability of the escape routes (NA1, NA2). Arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the determination of the current usability of escape routes (NA1, NA2) is based on their respective utilization and / or their passability. Arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the output devices (AV1-AVn) comprise illumination means which represent the evacuation information by an appropriate light coding. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the evacuation information is formed by a band of light generated by the output device (AV1-AVn), which indicates the path to a suitable escape route (NA1, NA2) in a room of a building (G). Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a suitable second sensor (K2, K2 ') for determining the current position data of the persons (P) located in the building (G). Arrangement according to claim 5, wherein the control unit (SE) carries out an object current simulation based on the respectively current position data of the persons (P) present in the building (G) and the current usability of the escape routes (NA1, NA2) Results of the object current simulation are respectively provided with updated evacuation information by the output devices (AV1-AVn). Arrangement according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the direction of movement (BR) of a person (P) is determined by the first and second sensors and wherein the direction of movement (BR) of the person (P) is used for the object current simulation. Arrangement according to one of claims 5 to 7, wherein for the object current simulation further an emission spread of a hazard (H) in the building (G) is used. Method for dynamically outputting information on the evacuation of persons (P) from buildings (G), the method comprising: Determining the current usability of escape routes (NA1, NA2) in the building (G) by means of a suitable first sensor system (K1, K1 ', K1' ', K1' ''); Determining evacuation information by a control unit based on the current usability of the escape routes (NA1, NA2); Outputting the evacuation information by appropriate output devices (AV1-AVn) in the building (G). The method of claim 9, further comprising: Determining the current position data of the persons (P) located in the building by means of a suitable second sensor system (K2, K2 '); Performing an object current simulation by the control unit (SE) based on the current position data of the persons (P) in the building (G) and the current usability of the escape routes (NA1, NA2), based on the results of the object flow simulation respectively current evacuation information by the Output devices (AV1-AVn) are provided.

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